1. 芒种：每年6月6日前后，太阳黄经75°时开始。全县农事活动主要是收割小麦，抢种晚秋，管好大秧。农村大忙开始，故有“打春一百，掂镰割麦”，“芒种忙，三两场”，“春争日，夏争时”之语。夏收、夏种、夏管统称“三夏”。三夏生产突出四个“抢”字，即一是抢收。“收麦如救火，龙口把粮夺”，小麦蜡黄就收，“麦穗发了黄，绣女也下床”，“七成收，八成丢”，“麦熟八九动手割，甭等熟透籽粒落”，“等了一粒青，损了十粒黄”，“要保粮食大丰收，一粒一穗不能丢”，“麦天弯弯腰，拾个白卷糕”，“夏收有五忙，收、运、打、晒、藏”；二是抢种，小麦收后趁墒抢种秋作物。“收麦不顾种，秋后难顾命”，“麦茬耩芝麻，苗出快灭茬”，“一棵红薯一把灰，红薯结成一大堆”；三是抢打（脱粒），夏至前要打完场。“夏至不打场，再打是把糠”，“拉到场里算一半，装到囤里才收完”；四是抢管，“种子落地，管子上马”，及时定苗，锄草保墒。“一种得九管，收成才保险”，“五黄六月去种田，一天一夜差一拳”，“人误地一时，地误人一年”，“锄头有火，锄头有水”，“夏天撞破皮，胜似冬天犁一犁儿”，“人勤地不懒，全在人照管”。夏收时，进场不带火，不吸烟，不许光肚娃儿进场，忌 “净光”，“少见”、“没风”、“净啦”等话，过去有“妇女不进场，进场不吉祥”的说法。

1. Grain in Ear: It begins around June 6th each year, when the sun is at the longitude of 75°. The main agricultural activities in the county are the harvesting of wheat, sowing late autumn crops, and managing the large seedlings. As the rural busy season starts, there are sayings like "One hundred days of spring, swinging the sickle to cut wheat," "Grain in Ear is busy, two more seasons," and "Spring competes with days, summer with time." Summer harvest, summer sowing, and summer management are collectively known as the "Three Summers." The production during the Three Summers emphasizes the word "抢" (to rush), which includes: - First, rushing to harvest. "Harvesting wheat is like extinguishing a fire, seizing grain from the dragon's mouth," harvest the wheat as soon as it turns waxy yellow, "when the wheat spike turns yellow, even the weaver girl gets off the bed," "70% harvested, 80% lost," "Cut the wheat when it's 80-90% ripe, don't wait for the seeds to fall," "Waiting for one green grain, you lose ten yellow ones," "To ensure a great grain harvest, not a single ear can be lost," "Bend over during the wheat season, pick up a white rice cake," "Five busy times in summer harvest, harvest, transport, thresh, and store"; - Second, rushing to sow, sowing autumn crops immediately after wheat is harvested. "If you harvest wheat without sowing, it will be hard to take care of your life in autumn," "Sow sesame after wheat, the seedlings come out quickly, and the stubble is destroyed," "One sweet potato a handful of ash, the sweet potatoes grow into a big pile"; - Third, rushing to thresh (de-husk), the threshing ground should be finished before the summer solstice. "If you don't thresh before the summer solstice, the next threshing will be chaff," "Half done by bringing it to the threshing ground, only complete when it's stored in the granary"; - Fourth, rushing to manage, "As soon as the seeds land, start managing," timely thinning out seedlings, weeding to conserve moisture. "Planting once, managing nine times, the harvest is secure," "In the fifth and sixth months, go to the fields, a day and a night can make a difference," "Man mistakes the land for a moment, the land mistakes man for a year," "The hoe is hot, the hoe is wet," "A summer sunburn is better than plowing in winter," "Work hard, the land will not be lazy, it all depends on how it's managed." During the summer harvest, it's forbidden to bring fire or smoke into the field, and it's forbidden for children without clothes to enter. It is taboo to say things like "clean," "rare," "no wind," "all done." In the past, there was a saying, "Women not entering the field, entering the field is not auspicious."

2. 处署：暑尽天凉，炎热的天气将于是日结束。农谚有：“处暑不种田，想种等来年”，“过了处署不种秋，就是种上也不收”，但可种荞麦，俗谚云：“处暑荞麦甭等肥”。“处暑谷渐黄，大风要提防”。

2. Auspicious Days: As the summer ends and the weather cools down, the hot weather will come to an end on this day. There is an old saying: "Do not plant rice fields on the day of the Auspicious Days; if you want to plant, wait until next year." It also says: "If you don't plant autumn crops after the Auspicious Days, even if you plant them, you won't get any harvest," but you can plant buckwheat, as an old saying goes: "Do not wait for fertilizer on the day of the Auspicious Days for buckwheat." "As the Auspicious Days approach, the grains turn yellow, and you should be on guard against strong winds."

3. 惊蜇：像征气温上升，天气变暖，地下蜇伏的各种动物开始苏醒、蠕动。农事活动主要是埋红薯母、育种开始。有“雨水早，春分迟，惊蛰育苗正适时”，“惊蜇不过不下种”，“惊蜇点瓜，不开空花”之农谚。是日闻雷兆年景丰收，风调雨顺，五谷丰登。俗语云：“雷打惊蜇谷米贱”，“惊蜇闻雷米如泥”，“过了惊蜇节，耕地莫停歇”，“前晌惊蜇、后晌拿锄”，指天气连阴，“雷打惊蜇前，高岗能种田”、“不过惊蜇听雷声，四十五天雨难停”， “雷打惊蜇后，河湾能种豆”，预示雨水不多。“惊蜇打雷，小满发水”，“惊蜇云不动，寒到五月中”预示有倒春寒。“惊蜇不放蜂，十笼九笼空”。

3. Jingzhe (Awakening of Insects): Symbolizes the rise in temperature and the warming of the weather. Various animals that were hibernating underground begin to wake up and move around. Agricultural activities mainly involve planting sweet potato roots and starting seed breeding. There are agricultural sayings such as "Early rain, late spring equinox, the best time for seedling cultivation during Jingzhe," "If Jingzhe passes, do not plant seeds," and "Plant melons during Jingzhe, do not waste any space." On this day, hearing thunder is a sign of a bountiful harvest, with favorable weather and abundant crops. A proverb goes, "When thunder strikes on Jingzhe, grain prices are low," "When Jingzhe hears thunder, rice becomes like mud," "After the Jingzhe festival, do not stop plowing," and "In the morning of Jingzhe, in the afternoon take the hoe," referring to continuous overcast weather. "When thunder strikes before Jingzhe, high hills can be farmed," "If it does not rain during Jingzhe, rain will not stop for 45 days," "After thunder strikes Jingzhe, river bends can be planted with beans," predicting that there will be little rain. "If there is no thunder during Jingzhe, nine out of ten hives will be empty."

4. 小满：部分早冬作物开始成熟。俗云：“小满见三新”，即大麦、油菜、蚕茧。农民购置农器家具，做收麦前的准备工作。开始套种晚秋作物。农谚有：“小满不满，芒种不忙”，“小满不种棉，种棉也枉然”，“小满十八天，不熟也要干（指小麦）”，“小满种谷，憋满仓屋”。

4. Xiaoman (Grain in Ear): Some early winter crops begin to mature. As the saying goes, "Xiaoman sees three new things," referring to barley, rapeseed, and mulberry silks. Farmers begin to purchase agricultural implements and prepare for the wheat harvest. They start intercropping late autumn crops. There are also agricultural proverbs: "If Xiaoman is not full, then the Dragon's Gate (Mangzhong) will not be busy," "If you don't plant cotton during Xiaoman, planting cotton will be in vain," "In the 18 days of Xiaoman, even if wheat is not fully ripe, it should be harvested," and "If you plant grain during Xiaoman, it will fill the granary."

5. 冬至，太阳直射南回归线，是日交九，此后天气渐入严寒。有冬九九歌：“一九二九袖装手，三九四九冰上走，五九六九河开冰走，七九八九抬头看柳，九九如一九耕牛遍地走”。农业生产上，除继续进行防冻，积肥、深耕等工作外，还要注意人畜的安全过冬。“吃了冬至饭，一天长一线”，白天将逐渐变长。冬至忌无雨。俗谚云：“立冬无雨看冬至，冬至无雪一冬晴”意指来年将旱。

5. The Winter Solstice is the day when the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn. It marks the beginning of the nine days of cold, after which the weather gradually becomes severely cold. There is a popular song about the nine stages of winter: "On the first nine, wear your sleeves and keep your hands warm; on the third and fourth nine, you can walk on the ice; on the fifth and sixth nine, the river breaks the ice; on the seventh and eighth nine, look up and see the willows; on the ninth nine, it's as if it's the first nine, and oxen are seen everywhere plowing." In agricultural production, in addition to continuing to prevent freezing, accumulating manure, and deep plowing, attention must also be paid to the safety of humans and livestock during the winter. The saying goes, "After eating the Winter Solstice meal, the day gets longer by a thread." Daytime will gradually become longer. The Winter Solstice is unfavorable without rain. A folk saying goes, "If there is no rain on the Winter Solstice, look at the Winter Solstice; if there is no snow on the Winter Solstice, the winter will be sunny" meaning that the following year will be dry.

6. 小寒：进入严寒天气，“小寒大寒，滴水成团”，“小寒冻土，大寒冻河”。

6. The Little Cold: Entering into severe cold weather, "During the Little Cold and Great Cold, drops of water can form into lumps," "During the Little Cold, the soil freezes; during the Great Cold, the rivers freeze."

7. 这些是我以前收集的农谚，里面有一些是关于农作物的，你自己看看吧。

7. These are the agricultural proverbs I collected before, some of which are about crops. Please take a look yourself.

8. 立夏：是为夏季之始，小麦齐穗，开始养花上浆。农谚有“立夏不出头，割了喂老牛”、“立夏麦挑旗，小满麦秀齐”。此时各种侯鸟相继入境，红薯芽普遍移栽下地，并继续播种旱秋作物，黄瓜成熟。农谚有“四月八，鲜黄瓜”，“立夏种棉花，有苗无疙瘩”。本县有“立夏见三新—大蒜、樱桃、豌豆”之说。立夏日忌无雨、无风。俗以为立夏日无雨，主旱。俗谚云：“立夏不下，旱到麦罢”，“立夏不下，高挂犁耙”，“立夏刮东风，药铺把门封”，“稻花要雨，麦花要风”。

8. Start of Summer: This marks the beginning of summer, when wheat is in full bloom and it's time to start caring for flowers and preparing the sugar coating. There is an old saying, "If there's no growth by the Start of Summer, cut the wheat and feed the old cow," and "At the Start of Summer, wheat flags; at the Grain in Full, wheat is lush." At this time, various migratory birds begin to arrive, sweet potato sprouts are widely transplanted, and dry autumn crops continue to be sown; cucumbers mature. There's an old saying, "On the eighth day of April, fresh cucumbers," and "Plant cotton on the Start of Summer, there will be no seedlings with lumps." In this county, there's a saying that "On the Start of Summer, you'll see three new things — garlic, cherries, and peas." It is believed that on the day of the Start of Summer, it is bad luck to have no rain or wind. The folk saying goes, "If there's no rain on the Start of Summer, the drought will last until wheat is harvested," "If there's no rain on the Start of Summer, hang up the plow and harrow," "If the east wind blows on the Start of Summer, the drugstore will close its doors," "Rice flowers need rain, wheat flowers need wind."

9. 白露：时值中秋，天气转凉，夜间露水发白。农事活动开始收获高粱和早玉米。腾茬子，早耕，小麦备播，育油菜苗。农谚有：“白露种高山，寒露种平川（小麦）”，“白露割谷”，“白露没有雨，犁地要早起”。“秋收打谷又犁田，来年又是大丰年”。

9. White Dew: As it is the Mid-Autumn Festival, the weather turns cooler, and dew turns white at night. Agricultural activities begin to harvest sorghum and early corn. Clearing fields, early plowing, preparing for wheat planting, and cultivating rapeseed seedlings. There is a popular saying: "Plant on high mountains during White Dew, and on flatlands during Cold Dew (for wheat)", "Harvest corn during White Dew", "If there is no rain during White Dew, start plowing early". "Harvesting crops, plowing fields in autumn, and it will be another bountiful year the following year."

10. 立秋：秋季开始，时在三伏之中。农事有“立了秋，挂锄钩”之说。意为庄稼不再锄了，还有“立罢秋，万事休”，“立秋种芝麻，老死不开花”，意为此时各种作物不能再种了。但亦有“立秋前后，燕瓜绿豆”，“立秋栽葱，白露种蒜”，“六月秋，老秧丢，七月秋，老秧收”之谚，是说在立秋时绿豆还可播种（收成不多），可栽葱。育的秧苗如果立秋在六月，不能再栽了，立秋在七月，移栽的秧苗还能有收成。立秋是当地农家的大节气，是庄稼接近成熟的季节，“立秋三天遍地红”，指高粱穗变红成熟。“棉花立了秋，大头、小头一齐揪”。立秋日忌雷、雨、风。俗谚云：“雷打秋，晚禾折半收”，“秋前北风，秋后雨，秋后北风干到底”。

10. The Start of Autumn: The beginning of autumn, occurring during the Dog Days. There is an agricultural saying, "Once the Start of Autumn arrives, put the hoe away." This means that crops no longer need to be weeded. There are also sayings like "Once the Start of Autumn is over, everything is at rest," and "Sow sesame after the Start of Autumn, and it will not bloom until old age." This means that no more crops can be planted at this time. However, there are also proverbs such as "Green beans and mung beans before and after the Start of Autumn," "Plant scallions after the Start of Autumn, plant garlic after the Cold Dew," and "In June, discard old seedlings; in July, harvest old seedlings." These sayings indicate that green beans can still be planted around the Start of Autumn (although the yield is not large) and scallions can be planted. If seedlings are raised in June and the Start of Autumn arrives, they can no longer be planted. If the Start of Autumn arrives in July, the transplanted seedlings can still have a yield. The Start of Autumn is a major agricultural season for local farmers, the time when crops are nearly ripe. The saying "Three days after the Start of Autumn, everything is red on the ground" refers to the ripening of sorghum ears turning red. The saying "After the Start of Autumn, pick cotton heads and tails together" refers to harvesting cotton. It is considered unlucky to have thunder, rain, or wind on the day of the Start of Autumn. An old saying goes, "If thunder strikes during the Start of Autumn, half of the late crops will be lost," and "Before autumn, north wind; after autumn, rain; after autumn, north wind dries up completely."

11. “麦自伤镰(早收)赛黄豆”,就是说早收的品质好。同时小麦生育后期会遇到阴雨天气，不仅会使籽粒内含物被淋溶，而且会发生穗发芽。第二，小麦在蜡熟末期，穗下节星金**，并略带绿色，此时收获不易断头掉穗，如延迟收获，籽粒干缩，极易造成掉穗、落粒。

11. "Early harvest wheat (early收割) is better than soybeans," which means that the quality of early harvested wheat is good. At the same time, wheat may encounter overcast and rainy weather in the late stage of its growth, which not only causes the nutrient content of the grains to be leached, but also leads to spike germination. Secondly, at the end of the wheat's dough stage, the nodes below the spike are like gold, and slightly green. It is not easy to break off the spike or drop grains at this time of harvest. If the harvest is delayed, the grains will dry and shrink, which is very likely to cause the spike to drop off and the grains to fall off.

12. 立春：立春俗称“打春”。前一天叫“迎春”，民间以立春日为一年农事之始，是植物开始萌动生长，人们开始备耕之时。史载，周武王曾责令地方官每年举行 “迎春”仪式。立春前一天，各地方官浴身素服步行郊外“迎春”，次日聚集乡民、焚香上供、叩头礼拜，使“芒神”举鞭抽打土牛，意在打去春牛惰性，迎来全年丰收，宣告春耕播种大忙开始。后来，春牛用竹篾扎成牛状，以纸糊成，内装花生、核桃枣，于立春之日，用鞭击牛，击破之后，人们争食散出之果以庆贺春季之到来，也有内装五谷的，像征五谷丰登之意。现在没有打春牛的活动了，但社旗周围仍把立春说成“打春”，并有“春雷动，阳气生”，“春打六九头，种上芝麻吃香油，春打五九尾，种上谷子也吃米”，“打罢春，阳气透，笑看富人穿得厚”的农谚。立春日天气与年景有关，俗以为立春宜晴不宜阴，晴则兆丰，阴则兆灾。有民谣“立春清明又和暖，农人鼓腹皆翘天，倘若风阴与昏暗，五谷不登人不安。”又有“晴则诸事吉，阴则万事愁”。“立春晴一天，农夫好种田。” “立春三日晴，今年好收成。”“立春阴，一春阴，立春晴，一春晴，阴阴晴晴到清明”。“立春有雨连清明”的说法。对于一年两个“立春日”的年份，有“一年两个春，黄牛贵似金”、“两春夹一冬，十个牛栏，九个空”的农谚。

12. The Beginning of Spring: Commonly known as "the Spring Festival," the day before is called "Welcoming Spring." The people consider the day of the Beginning of Spring as the start of the year's agricultural activities, when plants begin to sprout and grow, and people start preparing for the sowing season. History records that King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty once ordered local officials to hold the "Welcoming Spring" ceremony annually. The day before the Beginning of Spring, local officials would bathe, dress in plain clothes, and walk to the outskirts to welcome spring. The next day, they would gather villagers, burn incense, offer sacrifices, and kowtow in worship, in order to鞭打土牛with the "Mang God," which symbolizes driving away the laziness of the spring ox and welcoming a year of abundant harvest, and marking the beginning of the busy spring planting season. Later, the spring ox was made of bamboo strips shaped like an ox, covered with paper, filled with peanuts, walnuts, and dates. On the day of the Beginning of Spring, people would hit the ox with a whip, break it open, and compete to eat the scattered fruits to celebrate the arrival of spring. There were also ones filled with grains, symbolizing a rich harvest of five cereals. Now, the activity of hitting the spring ox no longer exists, but around the community banners, the Beginning of Spring is still called "the Spring Festival," and there are agricultural sayings like "The spring thunder rolls, and the yang energy is born," "The spring comes at the start of the six-nines, plant sesame and eat sesame oil; the spring comes at the end of the five-nines, plant millet and eat rice," and "After the Spring Festival, the yang energy permeates, and we laugh to see the rich dressed warmly." The weather on the day of the Beginning of Spring is related to the year's harvest, and it is believed that it is better to be sunny than cloudy, as sunny weather is a sign of abundance and cloudy weather is a sign of disaster. There is a folk song, "The Beginning of Spring and the Clear and Bright Festival are both warm, farmers are full and proud, if there is wind and darkness, the grains will not grow and people will be uneasy." There is also the saying "Sunny weather brings good fortune in all things, cloudy weather brings worry in all things." "If the Beginning of Spring is sunny for a day, the farmer is good at planting fields." "If the Beginning of Spring is sunny for three days, there will be a good harvest this year." "If the Beginning of Spring is cloudy, the whole spring will be cloudy; if the Beginning of Spring is sunny, the whole spring will be sunny; the cloudy and sunny days lead up to the Clear and Bright Festival." There is also the saying "If it rains on the Beginning of Spring, it will rain until the Clear and Bright Festival." For years with two "Beginning of Spring" days, there are sayings like "Two Springs in a year, the ox is as precious as gold," and "Two Springs between one winter, ten ox pens, nine are empty."

13. 收获的过早或过晚，均会造成小麦干粒重和产量的降低。民间有：“麦收一响，龙口夺粮”,“收麦如救火”的农谚，这是几千年的种植经验得来的，肯定不会空穴来风，这其中的要义可想而知。根据科研人员测定，在小麦蜡熟末期进行收获千粒重最大，在这之后的3天，开始收获，干粒重平均每天减少03~04克，而到第4~5天开始收获，干粒重平均每天减少1~12克。若按每亩35~40万穗、每穗27粒这样的标准进行计算的话，干粒重每降低1克，每亩减产13~15千克，按照这样的规律，全国小麦的产量会因为收获时间的不合适而极大程度的减产。

13. Harvesting wheat too early or too late will both result in a decrease in the dry grain weight and yield of wheat. There is a folk saying: "When wheat is harvested, it's like snatching grain from the dragon's mouth," and "harvesting wheat is like fighting a fire." These sayings come from thousands of years of planting experience and cannot be mere rumors. The essence of these sayings is self-evident. According to measurements by scientific researchers, the highest dry grain weight is obtained at the end of the wheat's waxing stage. Starting from the third day after this stage, the dry grain weight decreases by an average of 0.3 to 0.4 grams per day. By the fourth to fifth day of harvesting, the dry grain weight decreases by an average of 1 to 1.2 grams per day. If we calculate according to the standard of 350,000 to 400,000 spikelets per mu (1 mu = 1/15th of a hectare) and 27 grains per spikelet, every 1-gram decrease in dry grain weight results in a yield reduction of 13 to 15 kilograms per mu. Following this pattern, the national wheat yield would be greatly reduced due to inappropriate harvesting times.

14. 大暑：为一年中气温最高的时期，正值伏中。谷子甩大叶，黄豆二棚楼，头二茬地均中耕完毕。注意治虫、防旱、防涝等事。农谚有：“冷在三九，热在三伏”， “三伏不热，五谷不结”，“小暑大暑，热死老鼠”，“小暑不算热，大暑压草肥”，“头伏有雨。二伏旱，三伏有雨吃饱饭”，“大暑到立秋，割草压肥不能丢”，“头伏萝卜，二伏芥，三伏里头种白菜”，“伏里种豆，收成不厚”，“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，“六月六，芽子红薯线穗粗”。

14. Great Heat: This is the period with the highest temperatures of the year, which falls during the Dog Days. At this time, the millet leaves are large, the soybeans have reached the second layer of poles, and the soil for both early and second crops has been cultivated. Pay attention to matters such as pest control, drought prevention, and flood control. There is an old saying: "The coldest time is during the nine days of winter solstice, and the hottest time is during the Dog Days," "If it's not hot during the Dog Days, the grains will not mature," "The Great Heat is so hot it kills rats," "The heat during the Great Heat is so intense that grass becomes lush," "The first Dog Day has rain, the second Dog Day is dry, and the third Dog Day has rain, and you can eat to your heart's content," "From the Great Heat to the start of autumn, you cannot neglect cutting grass and pressing it into fertilizer," "In the first Dog Day plant radishes, in the second Dog Day plant cress, and in the third Dog Day plant Chinese cabbage," "Plant beans during the Dog Days, but the yield will not be great," "During the Dog Days, if there are three rainy days, the thin land will grow good hemp," "On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the sprouts of sweet potatoes grow into thick stems."

15. 麦收后要尽早整地进行复种，可复种蔬菜，青贮玉米及饲草等作物，使得持续有农作物收获的同时，还能让土地保持活性，持续的松散绵软不板结，肥力不流失的同时还会有前茬作物收获后部分秸秆还田，提高腐殖质含量，增加土壤肥力。

15. It is important to carry out re-planting as soon as possible after the wheat harvest. Vegetables, silage corn, forage crops, and other crops can be planted. This ensures a continuous harvest of crops while keeping the land active. It also maintains the soil's loose and soft texture, preventing hardening, and prevents the loss of fertility. Additionally, returning part of the stubble from the previous crop to the field after harvest increases the humus content and enhances soil fertility.

16. 大雪：天寒地冻，大雪纷飞而故名。瑞雪兆丰年。“麦盖三床被（大雪），头枕蒸馍睡。”农事活动继续进行水利建设，整修道路水渠，开始磨粉，生产粉条、粉皮，从事商业经营及商品生产等活动。农谚有“场光地净，五沟挖通”，“薄地想丰收，冬闲挖深沟”。大雪忌无雪，俗谚有“大雪不见雪，来年不收麦”，“今年大雪把门封，来年一定好收成”，“雪水化成河，麦收不会薄”，“大雪丰收来，无雪少吃麦”之说。

16. Heavy Snowfall: As it is extremely cold with the ground frozen and heavy snow falling, it is named "heavy snowfall." The auspicious snow heralds a bountiful harvest. There is a saying, "Three layers of bedding on wheat (heavy snowfall), and a steamed bun as a pillow for sleep." Agricultural activities continue with the construction of water conservancy projects, repairing roads and canals, and starting to grind flour, producing vermicelli and rice noodles, and engaging in business operations and commodity production, among other activities. There is an old saying, "The market is clean and the fields are clear, and all five ditches are dug through," and "Even on thin land, one dreams of a bountiful harvest, and during the winter, one digs deep ditches." Heavy snowfall is feared without snowfall, and there are popular sayings like, "If there is no snow on heavy snowfall, there will be no wheat harvest next year," "This year's heavy snowfall seals the door, and next year's harvest will definitely be good," "When the snow melts into a river, the wheat harvest will not be thin," and "When heavy snowfall brings a bountiful harvest, there will be less wheat when there is no snow."

17. 寒露：进入寒露，气候明显转凉，夜有寒冷之感，开始播种小麦。农谚云：“寒露到霜降，种麦莫慌张”，“过了寒露节，种麦穗如铁”，“抓着一季早，两季产量高”，“打蛇打在七寸上，庄稼种在节气上”，“一早三分忙，一壮三分旺”。

17. Cold Dew: With the arrival of Cold Dew, the weather becomes notably cooler, and there is a sense of cold at night, marking the beginning of wheat sowing. As an old saying goes: "From Cold Dew to the Start of Winter, don't be in a hurry to plant wheat," "After the Cold Dew Festival, the wheat spikes will be as solid as iron," "A timely harvest for one season will lead to high yields for two seasons," "To strike a snake, strike at its seven-inch vital spot, and to plant crops, follow the seasons," "The early bird catches the worm, and being early brings prosperity."

18. 秋分：秋季的一半，此后北半球渐短，夜渐长。秋分后，既要抓紧送粪犁地，积极备播小麦，又夹带收秋，是秋季最忙时期。农谚有：“秋分一半家，寒露满天下”，“秋分一到，谷场见稻”。“秋分过五，小麦入土。”“秋天弯弯腰，强似春天转一遭儿”。“一年辛勤在于秋，粮不入屋不算收”，“三春不如一秋忙，收不到屋里不算粮”。“七月底，八月岸儿，新谷子米汤麻杆盐儿”。秋分前后，月亮落地的变化，将直接预示着来年年景的好坏。俗谚云：“七月十五早看天，强似抽签问神仙；月亮落地接云彩，年景好的说不得；月亮落地光塌塌，明年粮食打不发”。

18. Equinox: Half of autumn, after which the days in the Northern Hemisphere gradually shorten and the nights become longer. After the equinox, it is necessary to hurry up with manure spreading and plowing, actively prepare for the sowing of wheat, and also incorporate the harvest of autumn, which is the busiest time of the autumn season. There is an old saying: "Half of the family busy at the equinox, and all under the sky filled with chills at the Cold Dew," "The equinox comes, and the rice fields are full of grain." "If the equinox passes by the fifth, wheat will be sown in the soil." "Bending over in autumn is stronger than turning once in spring." "All the year's hard work is in autumn; not bringing grain into the house is not considered a harvest," "Three springs are not as busy as one autumn; not being able to bring grain into the house is not considered grain." "By the end of July, and the beginning of August, new grain rice porridge, bamboo salt." The changes in the moon's setting around the equinox will directly predict the next year's harvest conditions. A common saying goes: "On the 15th day of the seventh month, looking at the sky is better than drawing lots to ask the gods; if the moon sets to catch the clouds, the next year's harvest is said to be good; if the moon sets with a dim light, the next year's grain will not be produced."

19. 清明：气候清新，草木茂盛，是植物播种的大好时光。有“清明前，去种棉”，“清明种瓜，船装车拉”，“清明十天种高粱”，“清明去播种，早五天不早，晚五天不晚”，“雨水清明紧相连，植树季节在眼前”，“清明前后，点瓜种豆”，“清明喂个饱（上肥），瘦苗能长好”，“清明种高粱，六月接饥荒”等农谚。清明节忌讳天阴、下雨。是日天晴，兆大丰收。有“清明晒干柳，窝窝撑死狗”，“明清明，暗谷雨”，“清明无雨多吃面”之说法。俗以为清明不明，即为荒年之兆。清明有西北风，主旱，有“清明西北风，旱了不会轻”之说。但也有“清明南风起，收成好无北”的俗谚。清明夜落雨，对麦子不好。谚语云：“麦子不怕四季水，只怕清明一夜雨。”

19. Qingming Festival: The climate is fresh, the vegetation is lush, and it is a great time for planting. There are many folk sayings, such as "Before Qingming, plant cotton," "Plant melons on Qingming, and ships and wagons will carry them," "Plant sorghum in the ten days after Qingming," "Plant seeds on Qingming, five days early is not too early, five days late is not too late," "Rain and Qingming are closely connected, the planting season is at hand," "Before and after Qingming, plant melons and beans," "Feed a full belly (apply fertilizer) on Qingming, and thin seedlings can grow well," "Plant sorghum on Qingming, and in June, you will face a shortage of food." Qingming Festival is taboo against cloudy weather and rain. If it is sunny on this day, it signifies a great harvest. There are sayings like "Dry the willow twigs on Qingming, and the dogs will be overfed," "Bright Qingming, dark Grain Rain," and "If there is no rain on Qingming, eat more noodles." It is commonly believed that if Qingming is not clear, it is a sign of a poor harvest year. If there is a northwest wind on Qingming, it indicates a drought, and there is a saying that "If there is a northwest wind on Qingming, the drought will not be light." However, there is also the folk saying "When the south wind rises on Qingming, the harvest will be good without the north." If it rains on the night of Qingming, it is not good for wheat. The saying goes, "Wheat does not fear water in all four seasons, but it fears a night of rain on Qingming."

20. 雨水：入春以后，东南风始吹，雨水开始增多。雨水过后，开始植树，并准备下红薯母、育红薯苗的牛粪。有“春雨贵如油”、“冬春雨水贵似油、莫让一滴白白流”、“一场春雨一场暖，一场秋雨一场寒”，“雨水无雨天要旱，清明无雨多吃面”的农谚。雨水是果树嫁接的好时间，有“雨水节，把树接”的农谚。

20. Rainwater: After the arrival of spring, the southeast wind begins to blow, and the amount of rainwater starts to increase. After the rainwater, it is time to plant trees and prepare cow dung for planting sweet potato roots and cultivating sweet potato seedlings. There are agricultural proverbs such as "Spring rain is as precious as oil," "Winter and spring rain is as precious as oil, don't let a drop go to waste," "One spring rain brings warmth, one autumn rain brings cold," and "If there's no rain during the Rainwater period, it will be a dry season, and if there's no rain during the Qingming Festival, there will be an abundance of noodles." Rainwater is a good time for fruit tree grafting, and there is an old saying, "On the Rainwater Festival, graft the trees."

21. 小麦在蜡熟末期收获产量高的原因有两点：第一，小麦在蜡熟末期之前处于缓慢灌浆期，若此时收获，则籽粒灌浆不充分，人为导致小麦干粒重下降；若在小麦蜡熟末期之后收获，则由于小麦籽粒已停止灌浆，而植株仍在呼吸，消耗能量导致养分倒流，造成干粒重降低。

21. The reasons for high yield of wheat at the late stage of wax ripeness are two: first, wheat is in the slow filling stage before the late stage of wax ripeness. If harvested at this time, the grain filling is not sufficient, which artificially leads to a decrease in the weight of wheat kernels. If harvested after the late stage of wax ripeness, the wheat kernels have stopped filling, but the plant is still respiring, consuming energy and causing nutrient backflow, which leads to a decrease in the weight of the kernels.

22. 小雪：气温下降，始飘雪花，冬播结束。开始拉沫子，为牛铺备土，修建房屋，开展农田水利基本建设，整修道路，开展副业活动。农谚有：“千家万户，沫子粪土”，“小雪不破股（分孽），大雪不出土（麦苗）”，“修渠筑坝，天旱不怕”，“修好水渠筑好塘，年年丰收有保障”，“修好水利，一本万利”，“光靠自己莫靠天，修好水利万年甜”，“修渠如修仓，积水如积粮”，“不修沟渠不修塘，五六月里水汪汪”，“地埂不修，有田也丢”，“条条沟渠都打通，排水浇地不费工”，“农闲全在冬，水利莫放松”，“没雨先修房，没旱先修塘，没涝先筑坝，没荒先备粮”。小雪到冬至是冬灌的好时机，俗谚云：“小雪到冬至，浇麦正适时”，“冬浇半年墒”，“麦子浇五水，馍馍送到嘴”，“有水无肥一半出，有肥无水望天哭”。小雪忌无雪。有“小雪雪满天，来年是丰年”“小雪要是下雪多，来年五月旱天多”之说。

22. Light Snow: The temperature drops, and snowflakes begin to fall, marking the end of winter sowing. Begin to gather slurry, prepare bedding for the cows, repair houses, carry out basic farmland water conservancy projects, repair roads, and engage in sideline activities. There is an old saying: "In every household, slurry is gold," "If the Light Snow does not split (branch out), the Heavy Snow will not bring out the wheat seedlings," "Constructing canals and dams, fear not the drought," "Construct a good canal and build a good pond, and ensure a bountiful harvest every year," "Constructing water conservancy is a profitable investment," "Rely on oneself rather than on the heavens, and constructing water conservancy brings eternal sweetness," "Constructing a canal is like constructing a granary, and accumulating water is like accumulating grain," "If you do not construct canals and ponds, in May and June, the water will be as deep as a pond," "If the embankments are not maintained, even with fields, they will be lost," "Open all the canals so that drainage and irrigation are not labor-intensive," "In the off-season, it's all about winter, and water conservancy should not be neglected," "Repair the house before the rain comes, repair the pond before drought, build the dam before flooding, and prepare grain before barrenness." The period from Light Snow to the Winter Solstice is a good time for winter irrigation, as an old saying goes: "From Light Snow to the Winter Solstice, it's the right time to water wheat," "Winter irrigation brings half a year's moisture," "Wheat needs five waters, and bread is delivered to the mouth," "With water but no fertilizer, half of the output is lost; with fertilizer but no water, one prays to the heavens in despair." It is a taboo not to have snow on Light Snow. There is a saying that "If it snows on Light Snow, it will be a bountiful year the following year" and "If it snows a lot on Light Snow, there will be more droughts in May the following year."

23. 大寒：进入一年中最寒冷的时候，时在十二月，准备过春节。“小寒、大寒、杀猪过年”。

23. The Great Cold: Enter the coldest period of the year, which is in December, and prepare for the Spring Festival. "Small Cold, Great Cold, kill pigs for the New Year."

24. 夏至：夏至是农事很重要的节气，是秋田管理的紧张季节。气温升高，天气变热，开始锄头遍地。“春争日，夏争时，中耕锄草不宜迟”，“夏至棉田草，胜如毒蛇咬”，“夏至种芝麻，头顶一朵花，立秋种芝麻，老死不开花”。夏至三庚入伏，伏有30天或40天，分头伏、中伏和末伏。每伏10天，中伏有20天的。民间有“热在中伏”和“三伏里头加一秋”之说。俗以为夏至天气变化会对农作物造成很大影响。因此农家在夏至里忌讳很多。夏至最忌有雷雨。俗谚云：“夏至有雷六月旱，夏至逢雨三伏热”。“掏钱难买五月旱，六月连阴吃饱饭”，“掏钱难买五月冷，一棵豆子打一棒”，“夏至西北风，十雨九场空。”“夏至翻白云，平地见鱼鳞”，“夏至风从东南起，夏秋不断雨淅淅”。还有夏至赶逢在五月前期，后期的占侯禁忌。谚云：“夏至五月端，麦子贵三千”，“夏至五月头，不种芝麻也吃油”，“夏至五月终，十个油房九个空”。不种芝麻也吃油，说明其他庄稼长得好，丰收了。十个油房九个空，则表示出整个年景的歉收、萧条。

24. Summer Solstice: The Summer Solstice is an important agricultural season, a period of intense management for autumn crops. With the temperature rising and the weather becoming hotter, the time for hoeing the fields begins. "Compete for days in spring, for time in summer; do not delay in inter-row cultivation and weeding," "Weeds in the cotton fields on the Summer Solstice are as dangerous as a venomous snake bite," "Sow sesame seeds on the Summer Solstice, and a flower blooms on the top of the head; plant sesame seeds on the Solstice of Autumn, and they will never bloom." The "three days of heat" after the Summer Solstice, during which the "heat" lasts for 30 or 40 days, are divided into the beginning heat, middle heat, and end heat. Each period lasts for 10 days, with the middle heat lasting for 20 days. There is a saying in the folk: "The heat is in the middle heat," and "one autumn added to the three heats." It is commonly believed that the changes in weather during the Summer Solstice can have a significant impact on crops. Therefore, farmers have many taboos during the Solstice. The most feared is thunder and rain. A folk saying goes: "If there is thunder on the Summer Solstice, it will be dry in June; if it rains on the Solstice, the three heats will be hot." "Money is hard to buy the drought in May, but with a continuous overcast sky in June, you can have a full belly," "Money is hard to buy the cold in May, a single bean plant can break a stick," "The northwest wind on the Summer Solstice, ten rains and nine will be empty." "When the white clouds are flipped over on the Summer Solstice, fish scales can be seen on the flat ground," "When the wind rises from the southeast on the Summer Solstice, it will rain intermittently from summer to autumn." There are also omens and taboos concerning the Summer Solstice that fall in early May and late May. A proverb says: "On the first day of May, wheat is as expensive as 3,000," "On the first day of May, if you don't plant sesame, you can still eat oil," "On the last day of May, nine oilmills are empty." Not planting sesame and still being able to eat oil indicates that other crops are doing well and there is a good harvest. Nine out of ten oilmills being empty signifies an overall poor harvest and prosperity for the entire year.

25. 霜降：以天冷，露水结成薄霜而故名。霜降无霜，主来岁饥荒。“霜降有霜，米谷满仓”，“十月不下霜，种地一包糠”。霜降后进入种麦高潮时节，俗云：“霜降至立冬，种麦莫放松”，“有墒不等时，到时不等墒”，“犁犁耙耙种下田，最晚不过立冬前”，“前耧后耧，差一穗头”。晚秋普遍成熟，开始刨红薯，切红薯干。

25. Chongxiao: Named for the cold weather when dew turns into a thin frost. If there is no frost during Chongxiao, it portends a poor harvest in the coming year. "If there is frost during Chongxiao, the granaries will be full of rice and grain," and "if there is no frost in October, the soil is as barren as a sack of bran." Chongxiao marks the peak season for sowing wheat, as the saying goes: "From Chongxiao to the Start of Winter, do not relax in sowing wheat," "there is no need to wait for the right soil, for the right time is not waiting for the right soil," "plow and harrow the fields, the latest should not be before the Start of Winter," "the front plow and the back plow, one grain head apart." In late autumn, crops are generally ripe, and the digging of sweet potatoes begins, as well as the cutting of sweet potato slices for drying.

26. 谷雨：每年4月20日前后，太阳到达黄经30°时开始。一般天气变暖，断霜雪，雨量也较前增多，是春作物播种出土的重要季节，开始种高粱、谷子、春玉米、红薯等早秋作物。此时枣芽萌发，春播棉花开始种植。谚曰：“枣芽发，种棉花”，“谷雨栽秧（红薯），一棵一筐”，“谷雨下秧，立夏栽”，“谷雨下谷种，不敢往后等”，“谷雨前，清明后，种花正是好时候”，“谷雨麦怀胎”。此外，谷雨无雨，亦为荒年之兆，民间忌之。有“明清明，暗谷雨”、“清明要明，谷雨要雨”、“谷雨有雨棉苗肥”之俗谚。也有“谷雨到，布谷叫，前三天叫受干，后三天叫受淹”的说法。雨后开始糙场，“三月不糙场，麦打土里扬”。

26. Grains Rain: It begins around April 20th each year, when the sun reaches the longitude of 30°. Generally, the weather warms up, frost and snow end, and the amount of rain increases compared to before. It is an important season for sowing spring crops and for the emergence of crops like sorghum, millet, spring corn, sweet potatoes, and other early autumn crops. It is also the time when jujube buds germinate and spring-sown cotton begins to be planted. A proverb goes, "When jujube buds sprout, plant cotton," "Plant sweet potatoes in Grains Rain, one pot per plant," "Plant seedlings in Grains Rain, transplant in the day of the summer solstice," "Don't wait after Grains Rain to plant grains," "Before Grains Rain, after Tomb-Sweeping Day, it's the best time to plant flowers," and "Grains Rain is when wheat is pregnant." Additionally, if there is no rain during Grains Rain, it is a sign of a poor harvest, and it is frowned upon in folk customs. There are sayings like "Bright Tomb-Sweeping Day, dark Grains Rain," "Tomb-Sweeping Day should be bright, Grains Rain should bring rain," and "Grains Rain brings rain, and cotton seedlings flourish." There is also a saying that "When Grains Rain comes, the cuckoo calls, the first three days are dry, and the last three days are flooded." The threshing ground begins after the rain, with the saying, "If there is no threshing in March, wheat will be scattered in the soil."

27. 立冬：立冬意味着冬天的到来，太阳黄经为225°。抓紧播种晚茬小麦。谚云：“立冬到小雪，种麦晚半月”，“种麦过立冬，来年少收成”。移栽油菜，收完红薯。古有“冬是终了”，是作物收割后，要收藏起来的意思。谚有“立了冬，把地耕，能使土里养分增”，“冬耕深，出黄金”之说。立冬日忌讳吃生冷食物，如萝卜、水果等。否则以为会损伤身体。立冬忌无雨。俗谚云：“重阳无雨立冬晴，立冬无雨一冬晴”。

27. Start of Winter: The Start of Winter signifies the arrival of winter, with the sun's longitude at 225°. It's time to rush to plant late wheat. There's an old saying, "From the Start of Winter to the Minor Snow, wheat sowing is delayed by a month," and "Planting wheat after the Start of Winter will result in a poor harvest the following year." Transplant rapeseed and harvest sweet potatoes. There's an ancient saying, "Winter is the end," meaning that after crops are harvested, they need to be stored. There's also a saying, "After the Start of Winter, plowing the land can increase the nutrients in the soil," and "Deep winter plowing brings gold." It is taboo to eat cold and raw foods on the day of the Start of Winter, such as radishes and fruits, as it is believed to harm the body. The Start of Winter also dislikes no rain. There's a folk saying, "If the Double Ninth Festival has no rain and the Start of Winter is sunny, the entire winter will be sunny."

28. 春分：春季过半，气候转暖，昼渐长，夜渐短，麦子生长迅速，开始起身，有“麦过春分昼夜忙”，“春分麦起身，一刻值千金”之俗谚。应加强麦田管理，施肥、中耕，严禁牲畜吃青。春分有雨，兆人们身体康健，有“春分有雨，病人稀”之俗谚。

28. The Vernal Equinox: Halfway through spring, the climate warms up, the days get longer, and the nights get shorter. Wheat grows rapidly, beginning to sprout, with the folk saying "Wheat is busy day and night after the Vernal Equinox" and "On the Vernal Equinox, wheat sprouts, every moment is worth a thousand yuan." It is necessary to strengthen the management of wheat fields, apply fertilizer, cultivate the soil, and strictly prohibit livestock from eating greenery. If it rains on the Vernal Equinox, it is a sign that people's health is good, with the folk saying "If it rains on the Vernal Equinox, there are few sick people."

29. 小暑：天气逐渐炎热，汛期到，作物旺长，主要是加强秋作物管理。可犁炕地。农谚有“小暑前后种绿豆”，“小暑种芝麻，头顶一串花”。小暑忌旱，俗谚云： “六月怕干，九月怕淹。”“六月旱，喝稀饭”，“六月要雨难得雨，八月要晴难得晴”，“小暑南风十八天，坑里泥巴都晒干”。“伏里无雨，谷里无米”。“小暑泥鳅赛人参”。

29. Xiao Shu (Minor Heat): As the weather gradually becomes hot, the flood season arrives, and crops grow vigorously, it is mainly important to strengthen the management of autumn crops. It is suitable to plow and harrow the fields. There is an old saying, "Sow mung beans before and after Xiao Shu," and "Sow sesame seeds during Xiao Shu, and you'll have a string of flowers on top of your head." It is taboo to have drought during Xiao Shu. A common saying goes, "In June, be afraid of dryness; in September, be afraid of flooding." "In June, if it's dry, drink thin gruel," "In June, rain is hard to come by, and in August, sunny days are hard to find," "During the Minor Heat, if there's a south wind for eighteen days, the mud in the ditches will dry up." "If there's no rain during the dog days, there will be no rice in the fields." "During the Minor Heat, the eel is as valuable as ginseng."

30. 小麦种植产业中，在其蜡熟末期要及时的进行收割，这个阶段收获的小麦干粒重和产量是最高的。

30. In the wheat planting industry, it is important to timely harvest at the end of its waxing stage. At this stage, the harvested wheat has the highest dry grain weight and yield.