1. 第二步：挖沟。在根部周围挖一圈浅沟。注意不要太靠近根部或伤到根部。

1. Step 2: Digging a trench. Dig a shallow circle around the base of the plant. Be careful not to get too close to the roots or damage them.

2. 第一步：松土。首先将土壤表面耙松，等待其稍微干燥。

Step 2: Loosen the soil. First, rake the surface of the soil to loosen it, and then wait for it to slightly dry.

3. 错误的追肥会“烧”蔬菜，引起枯萎、落叶等症状，甚至死亡，让你忙个不停。因此，我们最好学习一些追肥技术。

3. Improper topdressing can "burn" vegetables, causing symptoms such as withering and leaf fall, and even death, leaving you busy all the time. Therefore, it's best for us to learn some topdressing techniques.

4. 第三步：施肥。将肥料均匀倒入沟内，并用土覆盖。

4. The third step: Fertilization. Pour the fertilizer evenly into the trench and cover it with soil.

5. 首先，施肥对于新手种菜来说是一个很重要的问题。 为了让蔬菜长得漂亮，施肥是必不可少的。 但是，施肥的方法也要注意。 施肥量少，起不到很好的作用，多则烧苗。 对于新手来说，薄肥多施的方法最好，每1-2周一次。

5. Firstly, fertilization is an important issue for beginners in vegetable gardening. To make the vegetables grow beautifully, fertilization is indispensable. However, attention should also be paid to the method of fertilization. Too little fertilization will not have a good effect, and too much will burn the seedlings. For beginners, the best approach is to use less frequent but more frequent applications of thin fertilization, about once every 1-2 weeks.

6. 注：此处说明的追肥方法主要针对施于土壤的肥料，不包括叶面肥。叶面肥需要按照包装上的说明进行稀释，然后喷施施肥，这里暂不解释。

6. Note: The method of topdressing described here is mainly for fertilizers applied to the soil, and does not include foliar fertilizers. Foliar fertilizers should be diluted according to the instructions on the packaging and then sprayed for fertilization. This is not explained here for the time being.

7. 最后，还有病虫害。 病虫害是新手种菜最头疼的问题。 他们不能使用农药进行预防和控制。 他们真的不知道该怎么办。 事实上，在植物上喷洒一些大蒜水或烟丝水的生物防治有刺鼻的气味。 害虫讨厌这些气味，所以它们不会侵入蔬菜。

7. Lastly, there are pests and diseases. Pests and diseases are the most headache-inducing issues for beginners in gardening. They cannot use pesticides for prevention and control. They really don't know what to do. In fact, spraying some garlic water or tobacco water as a biological control method on plants has a pungent smell. Pests hate these odors, so they won't infest the vegetables.

8. 不同的时间段适合种植不同的蔬菜。 一月的白菜，二月的菜皂，三月的白菜，四月的芹菜，五月的黄瓜，六月的白菜，七月的土豆，八月的白菜，九月的菊花，十月的生菜，十一月的箭头，十二月的荠菜， 萝卜、青菜等蔬菜一年四季适宜种植。

8. Different time periods are suitable for planting different vegetables. January is suitable for Chinese cabbage, February for turnip, March for Chinese cabbage again, April for celery, May for cucumbers, June for Chinese cabbage, July for potatoes, August for Chinese cabbage, September for chrysanthemums, October for lettuce, November for arrowheads, and December for shepherd's purse. Vegetables such as radishes and green vegetables are suitable for planting throughout the year.

9. 二是浇水。 蔬菜在生长过程中需要不断的浇水，不同时期需要的浇水量也不同。 一般来说，蔬菜在苗期需要的水分不多，但在生长发育期需要的水分较多。 一天浇一次水就可以了。 如果是炎热的夏天，他们需要早上浇水一次，晚上浇水一次。 一般的浇水原则是最好在上午10点到下午2点之间浇水。

9. The second is watering. Vegetables require continuous watering throughout their growth process, and the amount of water needed varies at different stages. Generally, vegetables need less water during the seedling stage, but more water is required during their growth and development. Watering once a day is sufficient. If it is a hot summer, they should be watered once in the morning and once in the evening. The general principle of watering is to do it between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

10. 第四步：浇水。在土壤上浇点水稀释肥料，促进肥料的渗透和根系吸收。

10. Step Four: Watering. Add some water to the soil to dilute the fertilizer, promoting the penetration of the fertilizer and the absorption by the root system.