1. 列土封疆--列：同“裂”；封疆：划定疆界。帝王将土地分封给大臣。

1. Granting land and defining borders -- "列" is the same as "裂" (to split); "封疆" refers to delineating boundaries. Emperors would grant land to their ministers.

2. 日削月割--每日每月割让土地。形容一味割地求和。

2. Gradually Reduced and Seized--Referring to the act of ceding land every day and month. It describes the situation where one continuously gives up territory in pursuit of peace.

3. 践土食毛--指蒙受君恩；亦泛指起居生活。毛，泛指土地上生长的粮食蔬菜等植物。

3. To eat the soil and hair – refers to receiving the grace of the ruler; also generally refers to daily life. "Hair" here refers to various plants that grow on the land, such as grains, vegetables, and other crops.

4. 膏腴之地--指肥美的土地或肥沃富饶的地区。

4. Fertile land -- refers to land that is rich and fertile or to regions that are abundant and prosperous.

5. 故土难离--故土：出生地，或过去住过的地方，这里指故乡、祖国。难于离开故乡的土地。形容对家乡或祖国有无限的眷恋之情。

5. It's hard to leave one's hometown -- "hometown" refers to the place of birth or a place one has lived in the past, here it refers to one's hometown or motherland. It describes an infinite attachment to one's hometown or motherland.

6. …… 混合万丈深，淼茫千里白。 每岁秋夏时，浩大吞七泽。 水族窟穴多，农人土地窄。 我今尚嗟叹，禹岂不爱惜。 邈未究其由，想古观遗迹。

6. ……The vast mixture reaches a depth of ten thousand fathoms, and a boundless expanse of white extends for a thousand miles. Every autumn and summer, it swallows the seven great lakes. There are many habitats for aquatic creatures, and the land for farmers is narrow. I still sigh today, but could Yu love it less? The reason is still unknown to me, so I look back on ancient ruins and contemplate.

7. 食毛践土--毛：指地面所生之谷物；贱：踩。原意是吃的食物和居住的土地都是国君所有。封建官吏用以表示感戴君主的恩德。

7. Feasting on the soil and treading on the land -- "毛" refers to the grains grown on the ground; "贱" means to tread on. The original meaning is that the food eaten and the land lived on are all owned by the king. Feudal officials use this to express gratitude for the king's benevolence.

8. 天府之国--天府：天生的仓库；国：地区。原指土地肥沃、物产丰富的地区。后专指四川。

8. The Land of Tianfu -- Tianfu: A natural storehouse; Guo: region. Originally refers to a region with fertile land and abundant produce. Later it specifically refers to Sichuan Province.

9. 裂土分茅--古代分封诸侯时，用白茅裹着的泥土授予被封的人，象征授予土地和权力。

9. Dividing the Soil and Offering the Reed Grass - In ancient times, when vassal states were granted, the soil wrapped in white reed grass was awarded to the person being enfeoffed, symbolizing the granting of land and power.

10. 鲸吞虎噬--像鲸鱼和老虎一样吞食。多比喻吞并土地财物。宋·范仲淹《上执政书》：“前代乱离，鲸吞虎噬，无卜世卜年之意，故斯道久缺，反为不急之务。”明·张景《飞丸记·明廷张胆》：“他谋多中伤，威权明仗，鲸吞虎噬，谁敢拦挡”清·徐芳《诺皋广志·寒空僧》：“先君子常言以桥

10. Devour like a whale and a tiger -- to consume or swallow as a whale or tiger would. It is often used to metaphorically describe the annexation of land and wealth. Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan's "Letter to the Prime Minister": "In the chaos of the previous dynasty, land was devoured and wealth was seized like a whale and a tiger, with no thought of posterity or future generations, hence this cause has been long neglected, and it has become a matter of non-urgency." Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jing's "Record of the Flying Bullet": "He has many plots to harm others, he openly exercises his power, he devours and seizes like a whale and a tiger, who dares to拦挡 him?" Qing Dynasty, Xu Fang's "Record of Extensive Knowledge · Cold Sky Monk": "My late father often said that the bridge..."

11. 四至八道--旧时标志土地界域的用语。表示四面八方所到之处及通往的道路。

11. Si to Ba dao -- An ancient term used to denote the boundaries of land. It signifies the places reached in all four directions and the roads leading to them.

12. 次韵红蕉 [宋] 方岳 篱根宿草已陈陈，谁护蕉红到此晨。 雪裹寸丹长似旧，人间万绿未知春。 翻经曾识观身法，乞种亲为土地神。 孤负晚风生酒兴，维摩示疾不沾唇。

12. Rhyming with Hongjiao [Song Dynasty] Fang Yue The vines by the fence have grown old and worn, Who guards the red banana till this morn? Snow enwraps the inch of red, still as of old, While in the world, the ten thousand greens know not spring. Translating scriptures, I once knew the method of self-observation, Praying for a plot of land, I asked the god of the soil to help. Forsaken by the evening breeze, my drink urge rises, But like Vimalakirti, I show illness and do not touch my lips.

13. 剩水残山--残破的山河。多形容亡国后的或经过变乱后的土地景物。也比喻未被消除而剩下来的事物。

13. Remnants of Water and Mountains -- Ruined landscapes. Often used to describe the land and scenery after a country has fallen or after a period of upheaval. It also metaphorically refers to things that remain after something has been eliminated.

14. 攻城略地--略：掠夺。攻打城市，掠夺土地。

14. Conquering Cities and Plundering Lands -- "Plunder" means to loot. To attack cities and loot land.

15. 城狐社鼠--社：土地庙。城墙上的狐狸，社庙里的老鼠。比喻依仗权势作恶，一时难以驱除的小人。

15. City fox and temple rat -- "Temple" refers to the land temple. A fox on the city wall and a rat in the temple. It比喻 someone who takes advantage of power to do evil and is difficult to expel temporarily, a small person.

16. 霄壤之殊--霄：云霄，也指天。壤：土地。天和地般不同。形容差别很大。亦作“霄壤之别”。

16. The Great Difference Between the Sky and the Earth -- "Xiao" refers to the sky, or heaven. "Rang" refers to the land. It describes a difference as great as the difference between heaven and earth. Also used as "the great difference between the sky and the earth."

17. 寸土必争--即使是一点点土地，也要和敌人争夺。形容对敌斗争毫不退让。

17. Every inch of land must be contested -- even a little piece of land must be fought for against the enemy. This idiom describes a determined attitude in fighting against enemies without any concessions.

18. 鹊巢鸠居--《诗·召南·鹊巢》：“维鹊有巢，维鸠居之。”朱熹集传：“鹊善为巢，其巢最为完固。鸠性拙不能为巢，或有居鹊之成巢者。”本喻女子出嫁，住在夫家。后以“鹊巢鸠居”比喻强占别人的房屋、土地、妻室等。

18. Magpie's Nest – From the Book of Songs, "Chapter of the Magpie's Nest": "The magpie has a nest, the woodpecker dwells in it." Zhu Xi's Commentary: "The magpie is good at building nests, and its nest is the most complete and solid. The woodpecker, however, is clumsy and cannot build a nest, and there are cases where it takes residence in the magpie's completed nest." This originally比喻s a woman getting married and living in her husband's house. Later, "magpie's nest, woodpecker dwelling" was used to metaphorically describe the act of forcibly occupying someone else's house, land, or spouse.

19. 不食之地--不食：不生产粮食。指不能耕种的土地。

19. Land Unfit for Eating -- Not fit for eating: Not producing grain. Refers to land that cannot be cultivated.

20. 自蜀江至洞庭湖口有感而作 作者：白居易 (唐)

20. "Inspired by the Journey from Shujiang River to the mouth of Dongting Lake" - Author: Bai Juyi (Tang Dynasty)

21. 观隋朝吟 [宋] 邵雍 始谋当日已非臧，又更相承或自戕。 蚁蝼人民贪土地，泥沙金帛悦姬姜。 征辽意思縻荒服，泛汴情怀厌未央。 三十六年都扫地，不然天下未归唐。

21. Observing the Sui Dynasty [Song] Shao Yong The planning on that day was already not about Zang, and it further descended into mutual destruction or self-destruction. The ants and ants, the people,贪婪 for land, The mud and sand, gold and silk, please the concubines and queens. The campaign against Liaodong binds the distant frontier, The feelings of floating on the Yellow River are tired of the endless. For thirty-six years, the capital was swept away, Otherwise, the world would not have returned to the Tang Dynasty.

22. 剩山残水--残破的山河。多形容亡国后的或经过变乱后的土地景物。也比喻未被消除而剩下来的事物。

22. Remnants of Mountains and Rivers -- Ruined and desolate landscapes. Often used to describe the land and scenery of a country after its fall or after a period of turmoil. It also metaphorically refers to things that remain after being eliminated or destroyed.

23. 旅夜书怀 作者：杜甫 (唐)

23. Traveling at Night, Recording My Thoughts Author: Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)

24. 稷蜂社鼠--谷神庙里的马蜂，土地庙里的老鼠。比喻倚势作恶手的人。

24.稷蜂社鼠 - The wasps in the Granary God Temple and the rats in the Earth God Temple. A metaphor for those who take advantage of their position to do evil.

25. 肝胆楚越--肝胆：比喻关系密切；楚越：春秋时两个诸侯国，虽土地相连，但关系不好。比喻有着密切关系的双方，变得互不关心或互相敌对。

25. The liver and gallbladder are as distant as Chu and Yue — The liver and gallbladder: a metaphor for a close relationship; Chu and Yue: two states during the Spring and Autumn period, although their territories were connected, their relationship was not good. It比喻s two parties with a close relationship become indifferent to each other or even hostile.

26. 自蜀江至洞庭湖口，有感而作 [唐] 白居易 江从西南来，浩浩无旦夕。 长波逐若泻，连山凿如劈。 千年不壅溃，万姓无垫溺。 不尔民为鱼，大哉禹之绩。 导岷既艰远，距海无咫尺。 胡为不讫功，余水斯委积？ 洞庭与青草，大小两相敌。 混合万丈深，淼茫千里白。 每岁秋夏时，浩大吞七泽。 水族窟穴多，农人土地窄。 我今尚嗟叹，禹岂不爱惜？ 邈未究其由，想古观遗迹。 疑此苗人顽，恃险不终役。 帝亦无奈何，留患与今昔。 水流天地内，如身有血脉。 滞则为疽疣，治之在针石。 安得禹复生，为唐水官伯？ 手提倚天剑，重来亲指画。 疏流似剪纸，决壅同裂帛。 渗作膏腴田，踏平鱼鳖宅。 龙宫变闾里，水府生禾麦。 坐添百万户，书我司徒籍。

26. From the Shujiang River to the mouth of Dongting Lake, inspired by the scene [Tang Dynasty] Bai Juyi The river comes from the southwest, vast and endless day and night. Long waves surge as if pouring, continuous mountains are carved as if split. For a thousand years, no blockage or overflow, countless people are not submerged. If not, the people would become fish, how great Yu's achievement. Guiding the Min Mountain was difficult and distant, and from the sea was no more than a foot. Why not finish the work, and let the excess water accumulate here? Dongting and Qingcaogao are both large and small, facing each other. Mixed to a depth of ten thousand feet, boundless and white for a thousand miles. Every year in autumn and summer, it swallows the seven lakes in grandeur. With many underwater caves, and the farmers' land is narrow. I still sigh, does Yu not love and cherish? I haven't explored the reason yet, but I look back to ancient relics. I suspect that the Miao people are stubborn, relying on their dangerous terrain to avoid labor. The emperor could do nothing but leave the problem for today and tomorrow. Water flows within the land and sky, like blood in the body. If it stagnates, it becomes a boil or a wart, and treatment lies in needles and stones. How could Yu be reborn, to become the water official of the Tang Dynasty? With a sword held high, he would come back and personally point out the plans. Drainage would be as easy as cutting paper, and break through blockages as if tearing cloth. It would seep into fertile fields, and trample the homes of fish and turtles. The dragon palace would turn into neighborhoods, and the water god's realm would grow wheat and rice. It would increase the population by a million households, and I would be listed as the Marquis of the司徒.

27. 寸土尺地--寸、尺：比喻很少。形容极少的土地。

27. An inch of land, a foot of land -- "An inch" and "a foot" are metaphors for very little. It describes a very small piece of land.

28. 鼠凭社贵--老鼠把窝做在土地庙下面，使人不敢去挖掘。比喻坏人仗势欺人。

28. The mouse takes advantage of the temple's prestige -- the mouse makes its nest under the earth temple, making people dare not dig it up. This比喻bad people take advantage of their power to bully others.

29. 列土分茅--谓受封为诸侯。古代天子分封诸侯时，用白茅裹着社坛上的泥土授予被封者，象征土地和权力，称为“列土分茅”。

29. Bestowing Land and Offering the White茅--Refers to being granted the title of a feudal prince. In ancient times, when the Son of Heaven would grant land to feudal princes, he would wrap the soil from the altar of the earth god in white grass and present it to the prince being enfeoffed, symbolizing land and power, and this act was called "bestowing land and offering the white grass."

30. 细草微风岸，危樯独夜舟。 星垂平野阔，月涌大江流。 名岂文章著，官应老病休。 飘飘何所似，天地一沙鸥。

30. The fine grasses sway gently by the shore, a perilous sailboat alone in the night. Stars hang low over the vast plains, the moon surges with the great river's flow. Fame is not the reason for writing, and the official should retire in old age or illness. Whither does the drifting resemble, but to a single seagull in the sky and earth?

31. 一抔黄土--一抔：一捧。一捧黄土。借指坟墓。现多比喻不多的土地或没落、渺小的反动势力。

31. A handful of earth -- "A handful" refers to a handful. A handful of earth. It is metaphorically used to refer to a grave. Now it is often used to比喻 a small piece of land or a declining, insignificant reactionary force.

32. 一掊土--〖解释〗抔：用手捧东西。一捧黄土。指坟墓。现多比喻不多的土地或没落、渺小的反动势力。

32. A handful of earth -- [Explanation] To scoop with one's hands: scoop up something. A handful of yellow earth refers to a tomb. It is now often used to metaphorically describe a small amount of land or a declining, insignificant reactionary force.

33. 鹊巢鸠占--〖解释〗本喻女子出嫁，住在夫家。后比喻强占别人的房屋、土地、妻室等。同“鹊巢鸠居”。

33. Taking Over the Magpie's Nest -- [Explanation] This idiom metaphorically refers to a woman getting married and living in her husband's family. Later, it is used to比喻 the act of forcibly occupying someone else's house, land, spouse, etc. It is the same as "taking over the magpie's nest and living in it."

34. 赤地千里--赤：空。形容天灾或战争造成大量土地荒凉的景象。

34. A desolate land for miles upon miles -- "赤" means empty. It describes the scene of extensive land being barren due to natural disasters or wars.

35. 地崩山摧--土地崩裂，山岭倒塌。多形容巨大变故。

35. The land collapses and mountains crumble -- the land splits apart, and mountains collapse. Often used to describe great upheavals.

36. 社鼠城狐--社：土地庙。城墙上的狐狸，社庙里的老鼠。比喻依仗权势做恶，一时难以驱除的小人。

36. Village rats and city foxes -- "She" refers to the Land God Temple. The foxes on the city walls and the rats in the temple. This idiom比喻 (metaphorically) refers to cunning and power-hungry individuals who rely on their influence to do evil and are hard to expel.