1. 据晋王隐《晋书》载，中牟令苏韶死后现形，对其堂弟苏节说，颜渊、卜商现为地下修文郎；修文郎凡八人，皆鬼之圣者。韶今亦守其职。见《太平御览》卷八八三引。后因以“地下修文”为文士死亡的典故

1. According to the records in the "Book of Jin" by Jin Wang Yin, after the death of the middle official of Zhongmou, Su Shao, he appeared to his cousin Su Jie and said that Yan Yu and Bu Shang are now serving as underground literary officials in the afterlife; there are a total of eight literary officials, all of whom are holy spirits. Su Shao is now also fulfilling his duties. See "Taiping Yuanyao" Volume 883 for the citation. Later, "underground literary work" became a典故 (allusion) for the death of scholars.

2. 食毛践土--毛：指地面所生之谷物；贱：踩。原意是吃的食物和居住的土地都是国君所有。封建官吏用以表示感戴君主的恩德。

2. "Eat the grain and trample on the soil" -- "毛" refers to the crops growing on the ground; "贱" means to trample. The original meaning is that the food eaten and the land inhabited are all owned by the king. Feudal officials used this phrase to express gratitude to the monarch's kindness.

3. 4流浪者说土地太广博，只有故乡那一块多好。

3.4 The wanderer said, "The land is too vast, how much better it would be just to have that one piece of land in my hometown."

4. …… 混合万丈深，淼茫千里白。 每岁秋夏时，浩大吞七泽。 水族窟穴多，农人土地窄。 我今尚嗟叹，禹岂不爱惜。 邈未究其由，想古观遗迹。

4. ... Deeply mixed, a thousand miles of white. Every autumn and summer, it engulfs the seven lakes. Many underwater caves for the aquatic creatures, narrow land for the farmers. I still sigh today, did Yu not cherish it? The cause is yet to be fully understood, but by looking at ancient remains, I imagine.

5. 稷蜂社鼠--谷神庙里的马蜂，土地庙里的老鼠。比喻倚势作恶手的人。

5. Jǐ Fēng Shè Shǔ -- Horse bees in the Granary God Temple, and rats in the Earth God Temple. A metaphor for those who take advantage of their power to do evil.

6. 列土封疆--列：同“裂”；封疆：划定疆界。帝王将土地分封给大臣。

6. Granting Land and Defining Boundaries -- "列" means the same as "裂" (to split); "封疆" refers to defining boundaries. Emperors would grant land to their ministers.

7. 攻城略地--略：掠夺。攻打城市，掠夺土地。

7. Conquer cities and seize territories -- "略" means to loot or seize; conquer cities and seize lands.

8. 10土地万物之源头，万物之本，起点与归宿同在。

8. The origin of all land and all things, the essence of all things, where the beginning and the end are the same.

9. 地崩山摧--土地崩裂，山岭倒塌。多形容巨大变故。

9. The land splits and mountains collapse -- the land cracks open and mountains tumble down. Often used to describe great upheavals.

10. 剩水残山--残破的山河。多形容亡国后的或经过变乱后的土地景物。也比喻未被消除而剩下来的事物。

10. Remnants of Water and Ruined Mountains -- Ruined landscapes. Often used to describe the land and scenery after a nation's fall or after a period of upheaval. It also metaphorically refers to things that remain after being eliminated.

11. 亦作“地广人希”。亦作“地旷人稀”。谓土地广大，人烟稀少

11. Also known as "broad land and scarce people." Also known as "vast land and sparse population." It refers to a land with vast territory and a sparse population.

12. 鹊巢鸠占--〖解释〗本喻女子出嫁，住在夫家。后比喻强占别人的房屋、土地、妻室等。同“鹊巢鸠居”。

12. The magpie occupies the magpie's nest -- [Explanation] This idiom metaphorically refers to a woman getting married and living in her husband's home. Later, it was used to比喻强占别人的房屋、土地、妻室等。It is the same as "The magpie occupies the magpie's nest".

13. 社鼠城狐--社：土地庙。城墙上的狐狸，社庙里的老鼠。比喻依仗权势做恶，一时难以驱除的小人。

13. Society Rat and City Fox -- "Society" refers to the land temple. The foxes on the city wall and the rats in the temple. It is a metaphor for unscrupulous people who rely on their power to do evil and are hard to expel in a short time.

14. 寸土尺地--寸、尺：比喻很少。形容极少的土地。

14. An inch of land and a foot of land -- An inch and a foot: used as metaphors for very little. Describes an extremely small amount of land.

15. 寸土必争--即使是一点点土地，也要和敌人争夺。形容对敌斗争毫不退让。

15. Every inch of land must be fought for – even the tiniest piece of land must be contested against the enemy. This idiom describes a resolute and unyielding attitude in fighting against the enemy.

16. 日削月割--每日每月割让土地。形容一味割地求和。

16. Day by day, month by month, land is ceded -- referring to the act of continually ceding land in pursuit of peace. It describes a situation where someone is overly willing to give up land in exchange for peace.

17. 7土地给人们的逻辑不同，在逻辑里发生的故事也不同。

17. The logic that gives land to people is different, and the stories that unfold in this logic are also different.

18. 谓大地负载万物，海洋容纳百川。形容包罗万象，含蕴丰富。语本唐韩愈《南阳樊绍述墓志铭》：“其富若生蓄，万物必具，海含地负，放恣横从，无所统纪。”语本唐韩愈《南阳樊绍述墓志铭》：“其富若生蓄，万物必具，海含地负，放恣横从，无所统纪。”

18. It is said that the earth bears all things and the oceans embrace all rivers. This describes a comprehensive and richly endowed state. The phrase is derived from Han Yu's "Epitaph for Fan Shaoshu of Nanyang" during the Tang Dynasty: "Its wealth is as if it were naturally stored, and all things must be present. The sea contains and the earth bears, it is unrestrained and goes in all directions without any order."

19. 践土食毛--指蒙受君恩；亦泛指起居生活。毛，泛指土地上生长的粮食蔬菜等植物。

19. Eating the soil and wearing the fur -- refers to receiving the grace of the ruler; it also generally refers to one's daily life and living. "Fur" here refers to various plants that grow on the land, such as grains, vegetables, and other crops.

20. 初一落初二散，初三落月半：初一如果天气晴朗，那么初二就会放晴；初三如果天气晴朗，那么这个月的一半时间就都是晴朗天气了。

20. The first day of the first month is over, the second day of the first month is scattered, the third day of the first month falls in the half-moon: If the first day of the month is clear, then the second day of the month will also be clear; if the third day of the month is clear, then half of the month will have clear weather.

21. 次韵红蕉 [宋] 方岳 篱根宿草已陈陈，谁护蕉红到此晨。 雪裹寸丹长似旧，人间万绿未知春。 翻经曾识观身法，乞种亲为土地神。 孤负晚风生酒兴，维摩示疾不沾唇。

21. Answering the Red Banana [Song Dynasty] Fang Yue The fence roots and withered grass are already old, who guards the red banana till this morning? The snow wraps the inch of red, long as in the past, while in the world, the ten thousand green things have not yet known spring. I have known the method of observing the body from translating scriptures, and I asked for the planting with my own hands to become the land god. I am lonely and the evening breeze brings up the desire for wine, but I, like Vimalakirti, show illness without touching the lips.

22. 立春赶春气：立春之后万象回春，稻田、池塘等水面开始蒸发，明示世人春天来了。

22. The Spring Begins chasing the spring atmosphere: After the Spring Begins, everything returns to spring, and the fields and ponds start to evaporate, signaling to the world that spring has arrived.

23. 旅夜书怀 作者：杜甫 (唐)

23. "Traveling at Night, Writing Down My Thoughts" Author: Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)

24. 天上的彩云虽然美丽，可是它会千变万化；地下泥土虽然肮脏，可是它能长出好的庄稼。

24. The colorful clouds in the sky are beautiful, yet they change in myriad ways; the dirty earth beneath is unappealing, yet it can grow bountiful crops.

25. 鲸吞虎噬--像鲸鱼和老虎一样吞食。多比喻吞并土地财物。宋·范仲淹《上执政书》：“前代乱离，鲸吞虎噬，无卜世卜年之意，故斯道久缺，反为不急之务。”明·张景《飞丸记·明廷张胆》：“他谋多中伤，威权明仗，鲸吞虎噬，谁敢拦挡”清·徐芳《诺皋广志·寒空僧》：“先君子常言以桥

25. Devour like a whale and a tiger -- to consume like a whale or a tiger. Often used to metaphorically describe the annexation of land and wealth. Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan's "Letter to the Executive": "In the chaos of the previous dynasties, land was devoured like by whales and tigers, with no intention of looking forward to the future, so this path has been long neglected, and it has become a matter of little urgency." Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jing's "Flying Bullet Record: Zhang Dandan in the Ming Court": "He had many plots to harm others, wielded power openly, devoured like a whale and a tiger, who dared to obstruct?" Qing Dynasty, Xu Fang's "Notes on a Broad Knowledge: A Cold Sky Monk": "My late father often said that... (The text seems to be cut off here.)"

26. 肝胆楚越--肝胆：比喻关系密切；楚越：春秋时两个诸侯国，虽土地相连，但关系不好。比喻有着密切关系的双方，变得互不关心或互相敌对。

26. The Liver and Gallbladder are like Chu and Yue – Liver and Gallbladder: a metaphor for a close relationship; Chu and Yue: two states during the Spring and Autumn period, which were geographically adjacent but had a poor relationship. It比喻指有着密切关系的双方，变得互不关心或互相敌对。

27. 鼠凭社贵--老鼠把窝做在土地庙下面，使人不敢去挖掘。比喻坏人仗势欺人。

27. The mouse's den is under the ancestral hall -- the mouse builds its nest under the earth god temple, making people dare not dig it up. This idiom比喻bad people taking advantage of their power to oppress others.

28. 水土不下坡，谷子打得多；水土不出田，粮食吃不完。

28. If the soil and water do not erode, the millet crop will be abundant; if the soil and water do not leave the fields, the food will never run out.

29. 裂土分茅--古代分封诸侯时，用白茅裹着的泥土授予被封的人，象征授予土地和权力。

29. "Division of Soil and Grass" - In ancient times, during the process of granting fiefs to vassal states, soil wrapped in white grass was bestowed upon the recipients to symbolize the granting of land and power.

30. 列土分茅--谓受封为诸侯。古代天子分封诸侯时，用白茅裹着社坛上的泥土授予被封者，象征土地和权力，称为“列土分茅”。

30. "Bestow land and confer the sacred grass" -- referring to being granted the title of a feudal prince. In ancient times, when the Son of Heaven would grant land to feudal princes, he would wrap the earth from the altar with white grass and bestow it upon the recipient, symbolizing land and power, and this act was called "bestowing land and confer the sacred grass."

31. 根正苗正，结个葫芦也正；根歪苗歪，结个葫芦歪腚。

31. Root straight and seedlings straight, the gourds will be straight; root crooked and seedlings crooked, the gourds will be crooked-bottomed.

32. 6人们常说最大的是胸怀，那么土地的胸怀是最大的。

32. It is often said that the largest is the bosom, so the bosom of the land is the largest.

33. 细草微风岸，危樯独夜舟。 星垂平野阔，月涌大江流。 名岂文章著，官应老病休。 飘飘何所似，天地一沙鸥。

33. Fine grass sways by the breeze on the shore, a perilous mast stands alone on a boat in the night. The stars hang low over the vast plain, the moon surges in the great river's flow. Is fame merely the result of writing? The office should be left to those who are old and ill. Floating aimlessly, what could it be likened to? Just a sand martin in the vastness of heaven and earth.

34. 积肥无巧：烧、熏、挖、换、扫、割、沤、堆、拾、捞。

34. Fertilizer making is not about shortcuts: burning, smoking, digging, replacing, sweeping, cutting, soaking, piling, picking up, and fishing.

35. 城狐社鼠--社：土地庙。城墙上的狐狸，社庙里的老鼠。比喻依仗权势作恶，一时难以驱除的小人。

35. City fox and temple rat -- "Temple" refers to the land temple. The fox on the city wall, and the rat in the temple. It比喻people who rely on power to do evil, and are difficult to drive away temporarily.

36. 天府之国--天府：天生的仓库；国：地区。原指土地肥沃、物产丰富的地区。后专指四川。

36. The Land of Abundance -- Tianfu: A naturally abundant storage; Guo: region. Originally referred to a region with fertile land and rich produce. Later, it specifically refers to Sichuan Province.

37. 故土难离--故土：出生地，或过去住过的地方，这里指故乡、祖国。难于离开故乡的土地。形容对家乡或祖国有无限的眷恋之情。

37. It's hard to leave one's hometown -- "hometown" refers to one's place of birth or a place where one used to live, here it refers to one's hometown or homeland. It is hard to leave the land of one's hometown. This idiom describes an infinite attachment to one's hometown or homeland.

38. 一抔黄土--一抔：一捧。一捧黄土。借指坟墓。现多比喻不多的土地或没落、渺小的反动势力。

38. A handful of earth -- "a handful" refers to a scoop. A handful of earth. It is figuratively used to refer to a grave. Now it is often used as a metaphor for a small amount of land or a declining, insignificant reactionary force.

39. 鹊巢鸠居--《诗·召南·鹊巢》：“维鹊有巢，维鸠居之。”朱熹集传：“鹊善为巢，其巢最为完固。鸠性拙不能为巢，或有居鹊之成巢者。”本喻女子出嫁，住在夫家。后以“鹊巢鸠居”比喻强占别人的房屋、土地、妻室等。

39. "Magpie's Nest occupied by a woodpecker" -- from the "Book of Songs" (Shi) "Zhao Nan" "Que Chao": "Only the magpie has a nest, but the woodpecker occupies it." Zhu Xi's annotation: "Magpies are good at building nests, and their nests are the most complete and solid. Woodpeckers are naturally clumsy and cannot build nests, and there are those who occupy the nests built by magpies." This idiom originally比喻s a woman getting married and living with her husband's family. Later, it was used to比喻 the act of forcibly occupying someone else's house, land, wife, etc.

40. 不食之地--不食：不生产粮食。指不能耕种的土地。

40. Land Unfit for Consumption -- Not for Consumption: Not producing grain. Refers to land that is unsuitable for cultivation.

41. 一掊土--〖解释〗抔：用手捧东西。一捧黄土。指坟墓。现多比喻不多的土地或没落、渺小的反动势力。

41. A handful of earth -- [Explanation] "Pou" means to hold something with one's hand. A handful of yellow earth refers to a grave. It is now often used metaphorically to describe a small piece of land or a declining, insignificant reactionary force.

42. 观隋朝吟 [宋] 邵雍 始谋当日已非臧，又更相承或自戕。 蚁蝼人民贪土地，泥沙金帛悦姬姜。 征辽意思縻荒服，泛汴情怀厌未央。 三十六年都扫地，不然天下未归唐。

42. The Lament of the Sui Dynasty [Song Dynasty] Shao Yong The original plan that day had already gone awry, Further传承 leading to self-destruction. The ants and termites, the people greedy for land, Clay and gold, silk, pleasing the queens and concubines. The intention to conquer Liaodong binds the distant frontier, Boating along the Yellow River, his mood weary of the endless palace. In the thirty-sixth year, the capital was swept clean, Otherwise, the world would not have returned to the Tang.

43. 《左传·哀公十二年》：“子服景伯谓子财曰：‘夫诸侯之会，事既毕矣，侯伯致礼，地主归饩，以相辞也。’”杜预注：“侯伯致礼以礼宾也。地主，所会主人也。饩，生物。”孔颖达疏：“致礼礼宾，当谓有以礼之，或设饮食与之宴也。”后因以“地主之谊”谓当地的主人对来客接待的礼节和饮食馈赠等情谊

43. "The Record of the Grand Historian (Zuo Zhuan) - The 12th Year of Ai Gong: 'Zi Fu Jingbo said to Zi Cai, 'After the completion of the assembly of the feudal lords, the marquises and dukes present their courtly homage, and the host returns the sacrifice, all as a gesture of farewell.'" Du Yu's annotation: "The marquises and dukes present their courtly homage as a form of hospitality. The host is the person in charge of the gathering. The sacrifice is a kind of offering." Kong Yingda's explanation: "Presenting courtly homage to guests can be interpreted as showing hospitality, or by providing meals and entertainment." Later, the phrase 'the host's hospitality' was used to refer to the local host's etiquette and hospitality in receiving guests, including offering food and gifts."

44. 赤地千里--赤：空。形容天灾或战争造成大量土地荒凉的景象。

44. A desolate land for miles -- "赤" means empty. It describes the scene of extensive land becoming barren due to natural disasters or wars.

45. 霄壤之殊--霄：云霄，也指天。壤：土地。天和地般不同。形容差别很大。亦作“霄壤之别”。

45. The Difference between the Sky and the Earth--"Xiao" refers to the sky, or heaven; "Rang" refers to land. It describes a difference as vast as the sky and the earth. It also serves as a phrase meaning "a great difference" or "a world of difference."

46. 剩山残水--残破的山河。多形容亡国后的或经过变乱后的土地景物。也比喻未被消除而剩下来的事物。

46. Scattered Mountains and Remnant Waters -- Ruined landscapes. Often describes the land and scenery after a country's fall or after a turmoil. It also metaphorically refers to things that remain after being eliminated.

47. 自蜀江至洞庭湖口有感而作 作者：白居易 (唐)

47. "Poem inspired by feelings from Shujiang River to Dongting Lake's mouth" - Author: Bai Juyi (Tang Dynasty)

48. 春曝死鬼，夏雾做大水：春天降雾会放晴，夏天降雾会雨涝成灾。

48. In spring, the ghost of fog brings drought; in summer, fog brings flood: in spring, when fog falls, it will clear up; in summer, when fog falls, it will lead to flooding disasters.

49. 多施肥料苗儿壮，苗旺自能多打粮。（蒙古族）

49. More fertilization makes seedlings strong, and strong seedlings naturally yield more grain. (Mongolian)

50. ①形容历时悠久。②形容爱情永久不变。犹言白头到老

50. ① Describes a long-lasting duration. ② Describes eternal and unchanging love. It is akin to "grow old together" (白头到老).

51. 9土地，在被异族践踏的时候，她原来的主人会立即反击，因为土地需要自由。

51. 9 The land, when trampled upon by aliens, will immediately retaliate because its original owner will fight for its freedom.

52. 四至八道--旧时标志土地界域的用语。表示四面八方所到之处及通往的道路。

52. From the fourth to the eighth direction -- A term used in ancient times to indicate the boundaries of land. It signifies the places reached in all four directions and the roads leading to them.

53. 什么样的葫芦什么样的瓢，什么样的种子什么样的苗。

53. What kind of gourd, what kind of scoop; what kind of seed, what kind of sprout.

54. 二月二打雷，稻米较重捶：表示节气时令，讥讽那些做事我行我素的人。

54. If there is thunder on the second day of the second lunar month, the rice is heavier after being pounded: This signifies the time of the solar term and satirizes those who do things their own way.

55. 膏腴之地--指肥美的土地或肥沃富饶的地区。

55. Fertile land -- refers to land that is rich and fertile or to regions that are abundant and prosperous.

56. 自蜀江至洞庭湖口，有感而作 [唐] 白居易 江从西南来，浩浩无旦夕。 长波逐若泻，连山凿如劈。 千年不壅溃，万姓无垫溺。 不尔民为鱼，大哉禹之绩。 导岷既艰远，距海无咫尺。 胡为不讫功，余水斯委积？ 洞庭与青草，大小两相敌。 混合万丈深，淼茫千里白。 每岁秋夏时，浩大吞七泽。 水族窟穴多，农人土地窄。 我今尚嗟叹，禹岂不爱惜？ 邈未究其由，想古观遗迹。 疑此苗人顽，恃险不终役。 帝亦无奈何，留患与今昔。 水流天地内，如身有血脉。 滞则为疽疣，治之在针石。 安得禹复生，为唐水官伯？ 手提倚天剑，重来亲指画。 疏流似剪纸，决壅同裂帛。 渗作膏腴田，踏平鱼鳖宅。 龙宫变闾里，水府生禾麦。 坐添百万户，书我司徒籍。

56. From the Shujiang River to the mouth of Dongting Lake, inspired by the scenery [Tang Dynasty] Bai Juyi The river comes from the southwest, vast and endless throughout the day and night. The long waves flow as if pouring, the continuous mountains are carved as if split. For a thousand years, it has not been blocked or flooded, and the people have not been submerged. If not, the people would become fish, and the achievements of Yu the Great are tremendous. The journey to guide the Min River is arduous and distant, and it is just a stone's throw away from the sea. Why hasn't the work been completed, and the remaining waters are accumulating? Dongting Lake and Qingcao Lake, large and small, are equally formidable. Mixed together, they are ten thousand feet deep, and their vastness covers a thousand miles, white and boundless. Every year in autumn and summer, they engulf the seven basins. There are many caves for the aquatic creatures, and the farmers have little land. I still sigh, but could Yu the Great not have cherished them? I haven't found the reason yet, but I can only imagine the ancient remnants. I suspect that these Miao people are stubborn, relying on their dangerous terrain to avoid completing their duties. The emperor had no choice but to leave this trouble for the present and the past. The water flows within the universe, like blood in the body. When it stagnates, it becomes boils and warts, and it needs to be treated with needles and stones. How could Yu the Great be reborn to become the water officer of the Tang Dynasty? With a sword held high, he would come back to personally guide the planning. Clearing the waterways would be like cutting paper, and breaking the blockages would be like tearing cloth. The infiltrated water would turn barren land into fertile fields, and the flat land would become the home of fish and turtles. The dragon palace would become the neighborhood, and the water realm would grow grain and wheat. Sitting here, I would add a million households to my register as the Duke of Shu.

57. ①形容经历的时间长久。②犹言地为之老，天为之荒。形容极其感人。③谓改朝换代

57. ①Describes a long period of time. ②It's like saying the land has become old and the sky has become barren. It describes something extremely touching. ③Refers to a change of dynasties.