1. 所以，随身带个“火机”或者“火把”非常有必要，哪怕是点燃自己的衣服，都会对野生动物有一种威慑力。

1. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry a "lighter" or "torch" with you, even if it's just to light your own clothes, as it can have a deterrent effect on wild animals.

2. 元宵之夜，孝感当地还流传着请七姐、问年成和乞巧的习俗。七姐当地叫做张七姐，传说是玉皇大帝的第七个女儿，她最心灵手巧，且心地十分善良。一天，七姐得知丹阳境内（今孝感）有一年轻人姓董名永，因家贫无钱安葬死去的父亲，只得卖身为奴。七姐深受感动，私下天庭与董永结百年之好，在大槐树下成就姻缘。可惜作媒人的大槐树一时高兴，把"百年好合"说成"百天好合"，害得董永七姐只有百日缘分。七姐用巧手金梭织出了10匹锦绢赎出了董永，准备整治家园恩爱白头。不料玉皇大帝得知十分震怒，急召七姐回宫，七姐不得不忍痛飞去。她的织布校化成了飞梭石，织机留在了人间，人们在夜深人静时仍能听到"咔喳、咔喳"的织机声。每年正月十五的晚上，身着盛装的姑娘聚集在飞梭石旁，手捧针线盒向七姐乞巧，唱乞巧歌。唱完乞巧歌后，还要询问年成好坏、吉凶如何、能否婚嫁等事宜。此外，有的人家用糯米粉作成鹅蛋形状，让孕妇烧"鹅卵"以占生男生女。卵裂就兆生女，卵起小疣子兆生男。

2. On the Lantern Festival night, there is still a custom in Xiaoguan locally to invite the seventh sister, inquire about the year's harvest, and beg for skills in needlework. The seventh sister is locally known as Zhang Qiqie, and legend has it that she is the seventh daughter of the Jade Emperor. She is very clever and has a kind heart. One day, the seventh sister learned that in Danyang (now Xiaoguan), there was a young man named Dong Yong, who, because of his poverty, had no money to bury his deceased father and had to sell himself into slavery. The seventh sister was deeply moved, secretly made a match with Dong Yong in the heavenly court, and they were united in marriage under the big locust tree. Unfortunately, the big locust tree, acting as the matchmaker, in its joy mistakenly said "a hundred years of good fortune" as "a hundred days of good fortune," resulting in Dong Yong and the seventh sister only having a hundred-day connection. The seventh sister used her skillful hands and a golden shuttle to weave ten pieces of brocade to ransom Dong Yong, preparing to make their home and live happily ever after. However, when the Jade Emperor found out, he was extremely angry and urgently summoned the seventh sister back to the palace, who had to fly back in pain. Her loom turned into a flying shuttle stone, and the loom remained in the mortal world. People could still hear the sound of the loom, "clack, clack," during the quiet of the night. On the evening of the 15th day of the first lunar month every year, young girls dressed in their best gather by the flying shuttle stone, hold their needlework boxes in their hands, beg for skills in needlework from the seventh sister, and sing the songs for beguiling skills. After singing the beguiling songs, they also ask about the year's harvest, fortune or misfortune, and whether they can get married, etc. In addition, some families make eggs in the shape of geese from glutinous rice powder, and pregnant women burn "eggshells" to predict the sex of the child. If the eggshell cracks, it means a girl will be born, and if a small wart appears, it means a boy will be born.

3. 全家人都从四面八方汇全了，也就赋予了年节团圆的意义。而过年自古以来讲究的就是一个团圆，也甭管远近，到年三十都要赶回老家团聚，实在不能回的，也要捎封信回去报个平安。此正是老人们所谓的“年齐日齐”。齐就是齐了、团圆的意思。团聚了，吃便是最重要的事情，因此，“年饭”在年文化中占了相当重要的组成部分。“年饭”指大年三十除夕夜半夜时分的那一顿“饺子”。这顿饺子与平时的不同，有子夜新旧交替的“交子”之意。那时，无人入眠，都在等候着新一年的到来，是为“守岁”，俗称“熬年”。等到了时候，吃了饺子，便长了一岁。所以这顿饭也叫“增岁饭”，到了下饺子的时候要注意了，此时可不能像平时那样称“下饺子”，因为“下”字不吉利，会说话的称“清水煮金银”。煮饺子时，为了讨吉利，有时男人会向女人冷不丁的问一句：“挣不挣”，反映快的说“挣了，挣了，挣老鼻子了”。挣就是碎了的意思。然而在这儿是挣钱的意思。为了图吉利，人们还在饺子里包上铜钱，也有包进红枣的，称为“大钱饺子”。大钱饺子只包十来个，吃着的中大奖，标志着今年一年大吉大利，大发横财。

3. The whole family gathered from all directions, endowing the New Year's Festival with the meaning of reunion. Since ancient times, the New Year has always emphasized reunion; no matter how far apart, everyone should return to their hometown for reunion by the 30th day of the lunar year. For those who cannot return, they should send a letter home to report their safety. This is exactly what the elderly refer to as "the day of reunion." "Reunion" means coming together. Once they are reunited, eating becomes the most important thing. Therefore, "the New Year's Eve dinner" occupies a significant part in the culture of the New Year. "The New Year's Eve dinner" refers to the "dumplings" eaten at midnight on the eve of the New Year. This meal of dumplings is different from the usual ones, symbolizing the "transition" of the old and the new at midnight. At that time, no one sleeps, everyone is waiting for the arrival of the new year, which is known as "keeping watch" or "staying up all night." When the time comes, after eating the dumplings, they have aged another year. Therefore, this meal is also called "the meal for adding years." When it's time to make dumplings, one must be careful, as it is not appropriate to call it "making dumplings" as usual, because the word "making" is considered inauspicious. Those who can speak will say "the water boils with gold and silver." When boiling dumplings, to seek good luck, men may suddenly ask women, "Will you make money?" Those who are quick to respond will say, "I made a lot, a lot, a lot." "Making" here means breaking. However, in this context, it means making money. To seek good luck, people also put copper coins or red dates in the dumplings, calling them "big money dumplings." There are only about a dozen big money dumplings, and those who eat them win the big prize, symbolizing great fortune and good luck throughout the year.

4. 要想防狼，就要知己知彼，先来了解一些狼的本性。

4. To prevent wolf attacks, one must know oneself and the enemy. First, let's understand some of the nature of wolves.

5. 用来防止躲藏在深山中的不法分子。 深山老林一般人很少进入，这不但给了野生动物们很好的生存的环境，同时也成了部分不法分子用来藏身的地方。我们在进入深山后如果不小心闯入了这些不法分子的藏身之地，对方很可能会因为受到惊吓对我们做出不友好的举动。

5. Used to prevent lawbreakers hiding in deep mountains. Deep forests are rarely entered by people, which not only provides a good living environment for wildlife but also becomes a hiding place for some lawbreakers. If we accidentally stumble upon their hiding spots in the deep mountains, they may react unfriendly towards us due to the shock.

6. ⑤当然也可以把衣服脱下来或者甩在手上，做出一个庞然大物或者一个武器的形状，让狼感知莫名的恐惧，从而选择主动放弃。

6. ⑤ Of course, one can also take off the clothing and toss it around to create the shape of a massive creature or a weapon, causing the wolf to sense an inexplicable fear and thus choose to主动放弃 (give up主动).

7. 《真州竹枝词引》中有这样一则记载：“小雪后，人家腌菜，曰‘寒菜’，……蓄以御冬。”扬州人家入冬后，几乎家家都要腌制各种蔬菜和鱼肉，最常见的是腌大菜、腌萝卜、腌咸肉、腌咸鱼。除了“腌”，还有“风”。可以风蔬菜，还可以风鸡、风肉等，所有这些，扬州人统称为“冬腊风腌”。旧时，人们冬腊风腌是为了“蓄以御冬”，现今食品供应丰富，没有必要“蓄以御冬”了。如今的冬腊风腌是食品加工的一种方法，因为冬腊风腌后的食品有一种特殊的“腊香”，这是深受扬州人喜爱“寒菜”又叫做“咸菜”，近郊菜农种植的这种菜似乎是专门用来腌制的，菜头肥硕，菜茎细长，菜叶阔大，茎儿白嫩嫩的，叶儿青绿绿的，有一二尺高，二三斤重，故又叫做“大菜”。这种菜取其嫩者烧了吃，也很鲜美，因其嫩，一烧就汤汁四溢，故又称之为“汤菜”。

7. In the preface to "Zhenzhou Zhuzhi Ci," there is such an entry: "After the light snow, people start to pickle vegetables, calling them 'cold vegetables,' ... to store them for the winter." After the arrival of winter in Yangzhou, almost every household will pickle various vegetables and fish and meat. The most common types of pickles are pickled cabbage, pickled radishes, pickled pork, and pickled fish. Besides pickling, there is also the method of drying. Vegetables can be dried, as can chickens and pork, and all of these are collectively referred to by Yangzhou people as "winter drying and pickling." In the old days, people engaged in winter drying and pickling to "store them for the winter." Now that food supplies are abundant, there is no longer a need to "store them for the winter." Today, winter drying and pickling is a method of food processing because the food dried and pickled during winter has a unique "dried meat aroma." This is the "cold vegetables," also known as "salted vegetables." The vegetables grown by farmers near the suburbs seem to be specially bred for pickling, with large, plump vegetable heads, slender stems, broad leaves, tender white stems, and green leaves, reaching about one to two feet tall and weighing two to three pounds, hence also called "big vegetables." These vegetables are delicious when eaten fresh, as they have a lot of juice when cooked, and are also called "soup vegetables."

8. 农村老人常说，进山兜里揣“盐”不怕狼，一把盐“关键时刻”能救自己一命。在野外遇到狼群时，盐真有这样的奇效吗？

8. Rural elders often say, when going into the mountains, it's not afraid of wolves if you carry "salt" in your pocket, a spoonful of salt can save your life in a "critical moment." When encountering a wolf pack in the wild, does salt really have such a miraculous effect?

9. 任何时候都不要低估了深山的危险性，非必要不进山。珍爱生命，敬畏大自然。

9. Never underestimate the dangers of the deep mountains, and do not enter the mountains unless necessary. Cherish life and respect nature.

10. 生石灰的腐蚀性很强，在我们的休息区周围撒上一圈，能有效防止地上爬行动物误闯入我们的“领地”，能让我们在野外的人身安全有一定的保障。

10. Quicklime has a strong corrosive property. Sprinkling a ring around our resting area can effectively prevent ground-dwelling animals from accidentally entering our "territory," providing a certain level of safety assurance for our people in the wilderness.

11. 除夕之夜12点的时候，各家要把一个做好的金元宝模型送到门外，代表在新的一年里会招财进宝

11. At midnight on the New Year's Eve, each household should deliver a finished model of a golden ingot to the doorstep, symbolizing that they will attract wealth and treasures in the new year.

12. 此时为了防身，我们也需要做出周全的考虑。随身携带生石灰，当遇到危急情况时迅速往对方脸上撒上一把，让对方暂时失去反击的能力，然后我们再伺机逃脱。当然遇到这种情况的概率可能极小，但凡事做好十足的准备是很有必要的。

12. At this moment, in order to defend ourselves, we also need to make comprehensive considerations. Carry lime powder with you, and when encountering an emergency situation, quickly sprinkle a handful of it onto the opponent's face to temporarily disable their ability to retaliate, and then we can make an opportunity to escape. Of course, the probability of encountering such a situation may be extremely low, but it is very necessary to be fully prepared for all things.

13. 不要独自一人进山，最好结伴而行。 找有经验的前辈当向导，然后多几个人一起同行，这样即便路上突发意外，也能有相互照应的人，心理和身体都有安全感。

13. Do not enter the mountains alone, it's better to go in groups. Find an experienced senior as a guide, and then travel with more people. This way, even if there are unexpected incidents on the way, there will be people to take care of each other, providing both psychological and physical security.

14. 用随身携带的生石灰往野兽的面部快速精准地撒上去，利用生石灰对皮肤的腐蚀性，让野兽暂时减弱袭击我们的能力。生石灰进入眼睛、鼻腔里会严重刺激这些脆弱的身体部位，让动物感到疼痛难忍，这时它们就会分散注意力，而我们则可以趁此机会赶紧逃脱。

14. Rapidly and accurately sprinkle quicklime from the person's belongings onto the face of the beast, utilizing the corrosive nature of quicklime on the skin to temporarily weaken the beast's ability to attack us. Quicklime entering the eyes or nostrils will severely irritate these delicate body parts, causing the animal great pain. At this time, they will be distracted, and we can take advantage of this opportunity to quickly escape.

15. 拉萨地区的藏历新年最具特色，同时日喀则地区、林芝地区、藏北草原安多等地区的藏历新年也具有浓郁的地域特色，且节日的日期也先后不一。

15. The Tibetan New Year in the Lhasa area is most distinctive, while the Tibetan New Year in the Shigatse area, Nyingchi area, and the Ando region of the Northern Tibetan Plateau also possesses rich regional characteristics. Additionally, the dates of the festival vary from place to place.

16. 有人说，进山带盐是为了防狼，这个说法其实并不是很准确，狼并不怕盐。爷爷以前进山就遇到过狼，也正是那一次让爷爷失去了一只手掌，当时和爷爷一起进山的另一个小伙子也被狼咬掉了一只耳朵。虽然最后两人合力击杀了那只狼，但两人付出的代价却非常大，回到家时几乎没了半条命。

16. Some say that bringing salt into the mountains is to prevent wolves, but this is actually not very accurate, as wolves are not afraid of salt. Grandpa has encountered wolves in the mountains before, and it was that time when Grandpa lost a palm. Another young man who went into the mountains with Grandpa at that time also had one ear bitten off by the wolf. Although both of them eventually killed the wolf together, the cost they paid was very high, and they were almost half-dead when they got back home.

17. 不仅如此，藏历十二月二十九的晚上，各家各户还要吃“古突”驱鬼。所谓“古突” 就是面疙瘩。然而藏族群众却把“古突”吃出许多花样来。家庭主妇在做“古突”’的过程中，在其中的一些“古突”里包上一些东西，以测试家人在新的一年里的性情和运气。如吃到用面做的太阳和月亮，说明这个人能享受到至高无上的尊严，吃到瓷片说明好吃懒做，吃到辣椒说明嘴如刀子，吃到羊毛说明人很温柔、富有耐心，吃到碳说明心黑，吃到肉说明敬老爱幼，吃到牛粪表示经常有好运气，如此等等。其实，这样做的真正目的只是为了增添“古突夜”的乐趣。

17. Not only that, on the night of the 29th day of the Tibetan lunar December, each household also has to eat "Gu Tu" to ward off evil spirits. What is called "Gu Tu" is a type of noodle dumpling. However, Tibetan people have developed many variations of "Gu Tu." During the process of making "Gu Tu," the housewives would stuff some of them with various items to test the temperaments and fortunes of their family members in the new year. For example, if someone eats a sun or moon made of dough, it signifies that they will enjoy the highest dignity. Eating porcelain pieces indicates being lazy and greedy. Eating chili peppers suggests a sharp tongue. Eating wool indicates a gentle and patient person. Eating charcoal suggests a dark-hearted person. Eating meat signifies respect for the elderly and love for the young. Eating cow dung signifies frequent good luck, and so on. In reality, the true purpose of doing this is just to add to the fun of the "Gu Tu Night."

18. 生石灰携带方便，减少进山时的负重。 山路不像平地，体力好的人一天走上十几、几十公里一点问题没有，不是常年在山地行走的人，光是爬山游玩就能让自己累得够呛，更别提还要背着行李在山中来回穿梭，对人体力的要求可想而知。

18. Quicklime is convenient to carry, reducing the burden when entering the mountains. Unlike flat ground, those with good physical fitness can walk tens or even dozens of kilometers a day without any problem. However, for those who are not accustomed to walking in the mountains year-round, just the act of hiking for leisure can be quite exhausting. To add to that, carrying luggage while navigating through the mountains requires an unimaginable amount of physical strength.

19. 当然，比起郊外的农田，深山里的环境更是复杂多变。进入深山带上生石灰确实是件有备无患的事，那结合生活实际来看，进深山带生石灰到底有哪些作用呢？通过向老一辈人咨询请教经验，也翻阅了大量的资料，个人认为主要有以下五方面的作用。

19. Of course, the environment in the deep mountains is even more complex and changeable compared to the farmland on the outskirts. Carrying quicklime when entering the deep mountains is indeed a precaution that is better to have than not. Looking at the practical aspects of life, what are the specific functions of carrying quicklime when going into the deep mountains? After consulting with older generations for their experience and reviewing a large amount of information, I believe there are mainly five aspects of function.

20. 久居京城的“老北京”都知道这么一句话：送信儿的腊八粥。意思是说，每逢到了农历十二月初八（民间又称腊

20. The "Old Beijingers" who have lived in the capital city for a long time know this saying: "The La Ba porridge for delivering letters." This means that every year on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month (also known as La Ba in folk terms), it is customary to deliver the La Ba porridge.

21. 打猎的老人家以前经常上深山打猎，有一次带着满载而归的猎物回来的时候，遇到一头野狼，这只野狼非常聪明，一直跟随着打猎的老人。

21. The elderly hunter used to often go deep into the mountains to hunt. On one occasion, when he came back home full of game, he encountered a wild wolf. This wolf was very smart and kept following the hunter.

22. 有关土地的俗语有很多，大家日常生活中都有听说过哪些呢

22. There are many proverbs about land, which ones have you heard in your daily life?

23. 盐巴可以用来消毒杀菌，防止伤口感染。 行走在深山中，裸露在外的皮肤难免会被四处生长的野草树枝划伤划破，如果不及时处理，在山林这种潮湿闷热的环境中很容易导致皮肤感染。而随身携带盐巴，当皮肤出现伤口时，用饮用水将盐巴溶解，然后再擦拭或清洗伤口，能起到避免伤口感染的作用。

23. Salt can be used for disinfection and sterilization to prevent wound infections. When walking in the deep mountains, the exposed skin is bound to be scratched or cut by wild grass and branches growing everywhere. If not treated promptly, in the humid and hot environment of the mountains, it is easy to lead to skin infection. Carrying salt with you, when a skin wound occurs, dissolve the salt in drinking water, and then wipe or wash the wound, which can help prevent the wound from getting infected.

24. 防毒虫：深山里毒蛇毒虫之类的非常多，夜里在深山过夜时，在周围撒上一圈石灰粉，能防止虫子爬进圈子叮咬。

24. Protection against venomous insects: In the deep mountains, there are a lot of venomous snakes and insects. When spending the night in the deep mountains at night, spreading a circle of lime powder around can prevent the insects from crawling into the circle and biting.

25. 而住在偏远山区的人群中，流传着这样一句话：“ 进深山要携带盐巴和石灰粉 ”的说法。这其实是当地人在漫长的 社会 实践中所总结出来的生存经验。

25. Among the people living in remote mountainous areas, there is a saying that goes, "When going deep into the mountains, one should carry salt and lime powder." This is actually a survival experience summed up by the locals through long-term social practice.

26. 吃面条是在正月十八落灯的晚上，《真州竹枝词引》也云：“十八日落灯，人家啖面，俗谓上灯圆子落灯面。亦家自为宴，以志庆。十九日拜藏影像，洗除欢乐，欢乐俗名挂乐，谚曰：家家撕挂乐，人人寻下落。士人则攻书，工人则返肆，而年事以毕。” 这一段话并没有直接解释为什么正月十八落灯要吃面条，但答案已经隐含其中：正月十八“年事以毕”，从今以后要“人人寻下落”，“士人则攻书，工人则返肆”，吃上一碗面条，是预祝人们在即将开始的生涯中，诸事都能像吃面条一样 “顺顺畅畅”。

26. Eating noodles is a custom on the evening of the 18th day of the first lunar month, when lanterns are taken down, as also mentioned in the preface of "True Zhou Bamboo Branch Verses": "On the 18th day of the month, lanterns are taken down, and families eat noodles, which is commonly called 'round balls for lighting lanterns and noodles for taking them down.' It is also a family banquet to celebrate. On the 19th day, people pay respect to the images of the deities, wash away joy, which is俗称 as 'hanging joy,' and the saying goes: 'Every family tears down the joy, everyone looks for the next thing.' Scholars study books, workers return to their workshops, and the year's events come to an end." This passage does not directly explain why noodles are eaten on the 18th day of the first lunar month when lanterns are taken down, but the answer is implicitly contained within it: on the 18th day, "the year's events come to an end," and from now on, "every person looks for their place." Scholars study books, and workers return to their workshops, and eating a bowl of noodles is a wish for people in the upcoming life to have everything go "smoothly and smoothly" as they eat the noodles.

27. 春节期间，旧京的庙会很多，而且各个庙会都有独特的地方。在西郊的大钟寺庙会，人们击打永乐大钟，用钟声迎接新岁的来临；在白云观庙会，可以摸石猴、打金钱眼，用娱乐活动寄托对来年美好生活的希冀与憧憬。

27. During the Spring Festival, there are many temple fairs in the old capital, each with its unique features. At the Dazhong Temple fair in the western suburbs, people strike the Yongle Great Bell, using the sound of the bell to welcome the arrival of the new year; at the White Cloud Temple fair, visitors can pet the stone monkey, play the coin eye game, and寄托 their hopes and aspirations for a better life in the coming year through entertainment activities.

28. 不过，现在拉萨等城市内藏历新年初一，人们也有出门拜年的。在一些机关大院和工厂里还举行团拜活动。团拜活动中大家见面都互道“扎西德勒”（吉祥如意），互敬“切玛”和青棵酒。接受“切玛”者应从“切玛斗”内拈一点糌粑或小麦先向天空撒三下。以示敬天、敬地、敬人，然后拈一点放在嘴里吃了，相互再道“扎西德勒”。对青裸酒不能尝一点了事。在新年里要三口一杯，即接过敬酒杯时应该用无名指蘸酒向上弹三下，也示敬天地人，然后喝一口，敬酒者把酒杯斟满，被敬者再喝一日，如此反复三次，最后“下普达”（干杯），敬酒之后欢快的歌舞表演一直要持续到太阳落山。

28. However, now on the first day of the Tibetan New Year in cities like Lhasa, people also go out to pay New Year's greetings. Group New Year's greeting activities are also held in some government compound buildings and factories. In the group greeting activities, everyone greets each other with "Tashi德勒" (auspiciousness), and offer "Chöma" and barley wine. The person receiving the "Chöma" should take a little of the barley or wheat from the "Chöma bowl" and sprinkle it towards the sky three times first, as a sign of respecting the heavens, the earth, and people. Then, take a little and put it in their mouth to eat, and then everyone greets each other with "Tashi德勒" again. One should not just take a sip of the barley wine. During the New Year, it is customary to have three sips in one cup, meaning that when receiving a cup of wine, one should use the ring finger to drip the wine upwards three times, as a sign of respect to the heavens, the earth, and people, then take a sip, the person offering the wine refills the cup, the person being offered the wine takes another sip, and this is repeated three times. Finally, there is a toast called "Xia Pu Da" (clink glasses), and after the toast, the joyous dance and singing performance continues until the sun sets.

29. 扬州送“马子菜”起源于何时，由于缺少记载，尚难言定，但至少清代即有此俗。近来看到外地的一些民俗资料，外地也有农户进城“倒马子”一俗，但外地“倒马子”不是农户给主家回赠“马子菜”，而是要向主家按月收清洁费，名为“月钱”。如北京在清末民初年间，每户要收一角至五角，端午、中秋和春节还要加收“节钱”，寒暑天和阴雨天还有勒索“酒钱”的。每户人家都有马子，每天都要大小便，不倒怎么行哩？受点勒索也只好忍受。相比之下，扬州的“马子菜”就极富人情味，“算来都是粪渣香”的含义也就能够理解了。

29. The origin of the custom of sending "Ma Zi vegetables" in Yangzhou is unclear due to the lack of records, but it is at least certain that this custom existed during the Qing Dynasty. Recently, some folk customs materials from other places have been seen, and there is also a custom in other places where farmers go to the city to "dump Ma Zi vegetables." However, the "dumping of Ma Zi vegetables" in other places is not that farmers give the host family "Ma Zi vegetables" as a return gift, but rather they collect a monthly cleaning fee from the host family, called "monthly payment." For example, during the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, each household had to pay between one to five cents, and during Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Spring Festival, an additional "festival money" had to be paid. During the cold and hot seasons, and on rainy days, they also extorted "wine money." Every household has a Ma Zi, and people have to urinate and defecate every day, how can it be done without dumping? One has to endure the extortions. Compared to this, Yangzhou's "Ma Zi vegetables" are extremely warm and humanistic, and the meaning of "smelling like manure" is also understandable.

30. 在情况危急时刻驱赶野兽。 那些常年少有人踏足的深山，因为生态环境保护良好，所以出现一些猛兽也是很正常的事情。如果是在人类的居住区发现它们，我们可以选择躲进家里或其他安全的地方，待这些野兽离开之后再出门劳动。

30. Drive away wild beasts during critical situations. It is a normal occurrence for fierce animals to appear in the deep mountains, which are rarely visited by people all year round due to their well-preserved ecological environment. If we encounter them in human settlements, we can choose to躲进家里 or other safe places, and go out to work only after these beasts have left.

31. 腊八这一天，家家都要熬一大锅“腊八粥”。除按传说的纪念意义供奉外，还在亲友邻居之间互相馈赠，然后是自家享用（举丧人家不熬粥）。粥里放入杂豆、杂米和多种干果，意味着一年之中五谷丰登。这天，老北京人除了喝粥以外，还要用米醋泡蒜，封入坛子，搁在暖室，为的是大年初一吃饺子用。据说食之可防瘟疫。

31. On the Laba Day, every family has to cook a big pot of "Laba porridge." Besides offering it as a symbolic act of remembrance according to legend, it is also shared among relatives, friends, and neighbors, and then enjoyed at home (families holding funerals do not cook porridge). The porridge includes a mix of beans, rice, and various dried fruits, symbolizing a bountiful harvest of five grains throughout the year. On this day, old Beijing residents, in addition to drinking the porridge, also soak garlic in rice vinegar, seal it in a jar, and store it in a heated room to use when eating dumplings on the first day of the Chinese New Year. It is said that eating it can prevent epidemics.

32. 紧要关头，我们可以学学老虎、狮子等大型动物的嘶吼，在气势上把狼给镇住，让它搞不明白我们到底有多强大。

32. In critical moments, we can learn from the roars of large animals like tigers and lions to intimidate the wolves in terms of气势, making them confused about just how powerful we truly are.

33. 到了腊月廿三，家家户户开始大忙。进了廿三的每天都有说法：廿三糖瓜儿粘；廿四扫房日；廿五糊窗户；廿六炖大肉；廿七杀公鸡；廿八把面发；廿九蒸馒头；卅晚上熬一宿；大年初一扭一扭。

33. By the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, every household begins to get busy. Each day after the 23rd has its own saying: "On the 23rd, sugar melon seeds stick together; on the 24th, it's the day to sweep the house; on the 25th, paste the windows; on the 26th, stew some big meat; on the 27th, kill a rooster; on the 28th, let the dough rise; on the 29th, steam mantou (steamed buns); on the New Year's Eve, stay up all night; and on the first day of the New Year, twist and turn a bit."

34. 可是一旦进入深山，不小心遇上这些野兽想要安全逃脱可能就没那么容易了。毕竟跟人类比起来，这些猛兽对野外的环境要更熟悉，行动起来也更勇猛。但我们也不能眼睁睁看着野兽来袭击我们，毕竟动物的天性中仍然是害怕人类的。所以，这时的生石灰就能派上用场。

34. However, once you venture into the deep mountains, if you happen to encounter these beasts, it might not be so easy to escape safely. After all, compared to humans, these ferocious animals are more familiar with the wilderness and more ferocious in their actions. But we cannot just stand by and watch as the beasts attack us, for in the nature of animals, there is still a fear of humans. Therefore, in such situations, quicklime can come in handy.

35. 马子，是扬州的方言，又叫“马桶”。旧时，扬州每天早晨都可以看见农户推着粪车，到各家各户收集马桶里的粪便，运到农田里作肥料，这在扬州叫做“倒马桶”。农户进城“倒马桶”是有固定区域的，不准乱抢，这固定的区域就叫“粪窝子”。谚云：肥是农家宝，种田少不了。所以农户都很重视这“粪窝子”。少有放弃的，即使转让他人，也是有偿的。农户在“粪窝子”里得到肥料，便想到要回报，回报什么哩？自然是自己种的菜。于是每到腌菜时节，便挑上一担“大菜”送给主家，这就是所谓的“马子菜”。

35. Mazi is a dialect term in Yangzhou, also known as "toilet". In the past, every morning in Yangzhou, it was common to see farmers pushing carts of manure to collect the excrement from each household's "mazi" and transport it to the fields as fertilizer, which was called "dǎomǎzǒu" in Yangzhou. Farmers had designated areas in the city to collect the manure, and it was not allowed to grab arbitrarily. This designated area was called "fènwōzi." As the saying goes: manure is the farmer's treasure, indispensable for farming. Therefore, farmers placed great importance on this "fènwōzi." Very few would give it up, and even when transferring it to someone else, there was a fee involved. After obtaining fertilizer from the "fènwōzi," the farmers would think of giving something back. What could they give back? Naturally, it was the vegetables they had grown themselves. So every time it was time to pickle vegetables, they would carry a load of "big vegetables" to the master's house, which is what is known as "mǎzǐ cài."

36. 人根本跑不过狼，狼的最高速度能达到50千米每小时，相当于每秒13米，估计飞人也跑不出这样的速度吧。

36. Humans can't run faster than wolves; the maximum speed of wolves can reach 50 kilometers per hour, which is equivalent to 13 meters per second, I suppose even the fastest human runner can't reach such a speed.

37. 琉璃厂平日冷清，到了正月却格外的热闹。从正月初一到十五，长长的东西琉璃厂大街、和平门外大街，游客如云，各种年货摊档鳞次栉比，一家挨着一家，一眼望不到边。人们爱逛厂甸，是因为正月里京城大小古玩、字画、图书店多在设摊，字画、字帖、珠宝、翡翠……琳琅满目。这些平日里不多见的古玩珠宝，让平民百姓眼界大开。厂甸特有的娱乐气氛也很吸引人，逢春节，高跷、太平鼓、小车会、五虎棍……各种花会竞相表演，围观者人山人海，笑语欢颜，十分热闹。

37. Liulichang is usually quiet, but it becomes particularly lively during the first lunar month. From the first day of the new year to the 15th, the long East Liulichang Street and the street outside the Peace Gate are crowded with tourists. There are rows upon rows of stalls selling New Year's goods, one next to the other, as far as the eye can see. People love visiting Liulichang because during this time, many of the capital's antique shops, calligraphy and painting stores, and bookstores set up stalls. Calligraphy, calligraphy copies, jewelry, jade... there are a myriad of goods. These rarely-seen antiques and jewelry broaden the common people's horizons. The unique entertainment atmosphere of Liulichang is also very attractive. During the Spring Festival, various flower shows perform, such as stilts, Taiping drums, small car clubs, and five tiger sticks... The performances are crowded with onlookers, laughter and joy, making the scene very lively.

38. 说一个最简单的例子，狗跟狼是同一个种群，在远古时代，狗只是被人类提前驯化的狼，既然狗能吃盐巴，那么狼对盐巴肯定也不会排斥。

38. To give a simplest example, dogs and wolves belong to the same species. In ancient times, dogs were just wolves that were domesticated by humans earlier. Since dogs can eat salt, it is certain that wolves would not reject salt either.

39. 再后来，等我长大一些了，偶尔也会跟爷爷一起到玉米地守夜，也慢慢发现了爷爷带生石灰的秘密。原来那些被爷爷装进塑料袋提到玉米地来的生石灰，每次都被他撒在小棚子的周围，有时连棚子上铺盖的干草也会撒一些。不仅如此，爷爷每次并不会把这些石灰全都用来撒在地上，袋子里也会留一点，他说是为了以防万一。

39. Later on, as I grew up a bit, I occasionally accompanied my grandfather to the cornfield for night watch, and I gradually discovered the secret of my grandfather bringing quicklime. It turned out that the quicklime that my grandfather put into plastic bags and brought to the cornfield was scattered around the small shed each time, and sometimes even some was sprinkled on the dry straw covering the shed. Moreover, my grandfather wouldn't use all the lime to scatter on the ground each time; he would leave a little in the bag, saying it was for emergencies.

40. “十香菜”是以咸菜为主，杂以胡萝卜丝、笋丝、豆干丝、花生、黄豆等，是一种简便易制的家常小菜，家家户户都要炒。新年里人们的荤菜吃得多，太油腻，吃吃这种杂炒的素菜，倍感清香可口，故名“十香菜”。

40. "Shi Xiang Cai" (Ten Fragrant Herbs) is a simple and easy-to-make home-style dish mainly consisting of pickled vegetables, mixed with shredded carrots, bamboo shoots, tofu strips, peanuts, soybeans, etc. It is a common side dish that every household likes to cook. During the New Year, people tend to eat more meat dishes, which can be too greasy. Eating this mixed stir-fried vegetarian dish is refreshing and delicious, hence the name "Ten Fragrant Herbs."

41. 这里的“汤圆”，也就是“元宵”。现今的扬州人把实心的糯米圆子叫“元宵”，把有馅心的糯米圆子叫“汤圆”。旧时并不是这样，有馅心的也叫“元宵”，《真州竹枝词引》中说：“元宵者，搓糯米粉，包桂花卤于中而为团，所以象月圆也。”看来，是因为“象月圆也”，扬州人便把“元宵”叫成“汤圆”。吃汤圆“圆圆满满”的含义也由此而来。

41. Here, "tangyuan" refers to "yuanxiao". Today, the people of Yangzhou call the solid glutinous rice balls "yuanxiao", and the ones with filling "tangyuan". In the past, it was not like this. The ones with filling were also called "yuanxiao", as mentioned in "The Introduction to the True Zhou Bamboo Branch Songs": "Yuanxiao are made by kneading glutinous rice flour, wrapping osmanthus syrup in the middle to form a ball, which resembles the full moon." It seems that because it resembles the full moon, the people of Yangzhou began to call "yuanxiao" "tangyuan". The meaning of eating "tangyuan" being "complete and perfect" also comes from this.

42. 大年初一的早餐，扬州人十分看重。尽管扬州人有到茶馆吃早茶的习惯，但初一早上却是例外，人们一般都不外出，要在家中和全家人一起，吃上一碗热气腾腾的汤圆。

42. The breakfast on the first day of the Chinese New Year is highly valued by the people of Yangzhou. Although the people of Yangzhou have the habit of going to tea houses for early tea, the morning of the first day of the New Year is an exception. Generally, people do not go out and gather at home with the whole family to enjoy a bowl of steaming hot tangyuan (sweet rice balls).

43. 正月初五这一天叫“破五”，不到“破五”不能用生米做饭。这一天晚上，回家过年的伙计都回来了，掌柜的还要跟伙计吃一顿新包的饺子，以示来年团结一心。到了初六的清晨，家家店铺要开张了。各家在开业前，都要在门口挂上“开市大吉，万事亨通”的对联，柜台里响起一片清脆的算盘声，意在来年生意兴隆。此时，“年关”已过，一切恢复往常的生活。

43. The day of the fifth day of the Chinese New Year is called "Bao Wu" (the day to break the first five days), and it is not allowed to cook with uncooked rice before "Bao Wu." On this evening, all the employees who returned home for the New Year celebration are back, and the boss wants to have a meal of freshly made dumplings with the employees to show unity and harmony for the coming year. By the morning of the sixth day, every household and shop is ready to open. Before opening their businesses, each family hangs the couplet "Prosperous Market, All Things Go Smoothly" at the door. The sound of clear abacuses rings out in the counters, symbolizing prosperity in business for the coming year. At this time, the "Year-end" is over, and everything returns to normal life.

44. 当然用古人封建迷信说法，盐巴和石灰粉还可以防止一些不干净的东西出现，这里也没从考证。

44. Of course, using the feudal and superstitious beliefs of ancient times, salt and lime powder can prevent some unclean things from appearing, but there is no evidence to support this here.

45. 有朋友应该听过“狗怕一蹲，狼怕一托”的说法：

45. There is a saying that friends might have heard: "Dogs are afraid of one sitting down, wolves are afraid of one leaning against something."

46. 初二这两天人们不扫地、不汲水甚至不动火，饭菜都预先弄熟，称为"压岁"。初三才开始挑水，并在井池边烧纸钱说是"买水"。门神也要在初二取下烧掉，俗谚说："初三烧了门神纸，各人寻生理。"新年伊始，举笔写字时，在过去要先用红纸写一幅“新正举动蛇笔，万事大吉利”的话贴在墙上。

46. For these two days of the second month of the lunar new year, people do not sweep the floor, do not fetch water, and even do not light a fire. Meals are prepared in advance and this is called "pressing the year". It is not until the third day of the new year that they begin to fetch water and burn paper money by the well, claiming it as "buying water". The door gods are also taken down and burned on the second day, with the folk saying: "On the third day, burn the door god paper, and each person seeks their livelihood." At the beginning of the new year, when writing with a brush, in the past, it was customary to first write a phrase on red paper, "The new year starts with a snake brush, everything will be auspicious," and then paste it on the wall.

47. 所以，正常情况下，狼根本不会缺少食物来源。

47. Therefore, under normal circumstances, wolves would never be short of food sources.

48. 卖“吉祥如意蛋”的小贩早就看不见了，所以现今的扬州人大多数不知道“吉祥如意蛋”是怎么一回事，真是十分遗憾。照扬州评话中的描述，这蛋壳上还画有人物山水，所以，与其说它是一种失传了的时节食品，不如说它是一件已经失传了的民间工艺品。

48. The street vendors selling the "Blessing and Fortune Egg" have long since disappeared, so most people in Yangzhou today are unaware of what the "Blessing and Fortune Egg" is all about, which is truly a great pity. According to the descriptions in Yangzhou's storytelling, the eggshells were adorned with figures and landscapes, so rather than saying it is a lost seasonal food, it might be more accurate to say it is a lost folk craft that has been lost to time.

49. 八月南风二日半，九月南风当日转，十月南风转一轮。

49. For two and a half days in August, the south wind turns on the same day in September, and a full rotation of the south wind in October.

50. 进入深山老林，可能路程来回需要几天时间，在休息场所周围撒一下盐巴和石灰粉，形成“异味”小型保护圈，可以改变一些爬行动物和蚊虫的行动路线，避免被叮咬。把石灰粉撒在休息的每个角落，石灰粉与水反应生成氢氧化钙，这样就能对多种细菌和病毒产生杀灭作用。小时候我们拿“臭球”画圈圈，把蚂蚁圈起来的事情不知道大家干过没有，这也成为了我们童年乐趣，“臭球”其实就是石灰粉。而家中储物间里的衣物，为了不被别的蚊虫叮咬，防止衣物潮湿，保持衣物干燥，也会放一些“臭球”在衣柜中。因此进入深山老林，在过夜休息的地方周围撒一下石灰粉，除了防止蚊虫叮咬外，还可以起到除湿效果。

50. Entering the deep mountains and ancient forests, the round trip may take several days. Sprinkle some salt and lime powder around the resting areas to form a small "offensive" protective circle, which can alter the movement paths of some reptiles and mosquitoes, avoiding being bitten. Sprinkle lime powder in every corner of the resting place; when the lime powder reacts with water, it forms calcium hydroxide, which can kill a variety of bacteria and viruses. When we were kids, did anyone remember drawing circles with "stinky balls" to trap ants? This became one of our childhood joys, and the "stinky balls" were actually lime powder. In the storage room at home, to prevent clothes from being bitten by other mosquitoes and to keep them dry, some "stinky balls" are also placed in the wardrobe. Therefore, when entering the deep mountains and ancient forests, sprinkling lime powder around the overnight resting area can not only prevent mosquito bites but also serve as a moisture-absorbing effect.

51. 雨打黄梅头，四十五天无日头，雨打黄梅脚，车水车断黄牛脚。

51. Rain beats the head of the mulberry tree, forty-five days without a sunbeam, rain beats the feet of the mulberry tree, the water wheel breaks the feet of the oxen.

52. 大年初一早起，人们先拜天地、家神、尊长，然后出门拜年。拜年是不问亲疏的，称为"拜年无大小"。家中来了拜年客，必定再三挽留，以糍粑相待。俗语有"拜年拜节，糍粑发裂。"拜年一般拜到初

52. On the first day of the Chinese New Year, people get up early and first pay homage to the heaven and earth, the household gods, and the elders, then they go out to extend New Year's greetings. New Year's greetings are not about the closeness or distance of relationships, and it is called "New Year's greetings have no distinction between young and old." When a guest comes to pay New Year's greetings at home, they are surely entertained and repeatedly encouraged to stay, offered rice cakes. There is a saying, "Paying New Year's greetings and celebrating festivals, rice cakes crack." Generally, New Year's greetings are exchanged until the first...

53. 石灰粉是驱蛇的，走过的地方洒下石灰粉，山里的蛇呀，虫子都会远离，盐可以消炎，有了小伤口洒点盐可以当酒精用。

53. Lime powder is effective in driving away snakes. By sprinkling lime powder along the path, snakes and insects in the mountains will keep away. Salt can be used to alleviate inflammation, and a little salt sprinkled on small wounds can serve as alcohol.

54. 这完全是一种误传， 盐不可能是狼的克星，危急时刻非但不能救自己，反而会把自己弄到更为尴尬的境地。

54. This is entirely a misinterpretation; salt cannot be the bane of wolves. In a critical moment, it not only fails to save itself but also lands itself in an even more embarrassing situation.

55. 盐巴可以维持我们的体力。 在深山老林中，可能有时候我们会迷路。没有吃喝可以抗几天，但是人类长时间不摄取盐分会导致浑身乏力。而抗战时期，红军二万五千里长征时，随身携带的必备食物，就有盐巴、辣椒和白酒等，为的就是抗寒和增加体力。

55. Salt can maintain our physical strength. In the deep mountains and dense forests, it is possible that we may get lost sometimes. Without food and drink, we can endure for a few days, but humans can become extremely weak if they do not consume salt for a long time. During the resistance war period, when the Red Army embarked on their Long March of 25,000 miles, the essential food items they carried with them included salt, chili peppers, and white wine, all for the purpose of withstanding the cold and increasing their physical strength.

56. 对明令禁止进入的区域和未开发的区域不要贸然闯入。 很多山区因为地域广阔，自然环境复杂，所以只开发了一部分供人游览。我们在山林中，对于明令禁止进入和未开发的区域不要贸然闯入，否则后果不堪设想。

56. Do not venture into areas that are explicitly prohibited from entry and undeveloped areas. Many mountainous regions, due to their vast territory and complex natural environments, have only developed a portion for tourism. In the mountains, we should not venture into areas that are explicitly prohibited from entry and undeveloped areas without caution, otherwise the consequences are unimaginable.

57. 汪曾祺是作家，但他也会腌菜，他在一篇散文《故乡的食物》里以“咸菜茨菇汤”为题，专门介绍了咸菜的腌法和吃法，读来颇有情趣：

57. Wang Zengqi is a writer, but he also knows how to pickle vegetables. In an essay titled "The Foods of My Hometown," he specifically introduces the method of pickling salted vegetables and how to eat them, which is quite interesting to read:

58. 鞭炮产生的巨大声响，会驱赶大型猛兽的靠近，别说是狼，就是老虎狮子听到爆炸声，也会逃之夭夭。

58. The tremendous noise produced by firecrackers can drive away large predators from approaching, let alone wolves; even tigers and lions would flee upon hearing the explosion sound.

59. 所以说，在一定程度上，狼的嗅觉会比狗灵敏一些。

59. Therefore, to a certain extent, the sense of smell of a wolf is more acute than that of a dog.

60. 1深山老林里有非常多的动物出没，只带石灰粉是不够用的，必须带一些防身的工具，比如：自制的棍棒，在遇到危险的时候可以更好的保护自身的安全。

60. 1 There are a lot of animals lurking in the deep mountains and dense forests. It is not enough to just bring lime powder; some self-defense tools must be carried, such as: homemade sticks, which can better protect one's own safety when encountering danger.

61. 在主动进攻前，都会仔细观察一番，掂量一下自己跟对手的实力，有多大的胜算。

61. Before making a proactive offensive move, they will observe and weigh their own strength against the opponent's, considering how much of a chance they have to win.

62. 看来，带盐巴的主要作用还是为了增加食物的口感和防止伤口感染，不得不承认这也是祖辈们在长期的野外生活中积累出的生存智慧。虽然有前辈们丰富的经验可以用来指导我们，但为了自身安全，依然不要贸然闯入深山。如果实在要去，以下几点务必记住。

62. It seems that the main function of adding salt is still to enhance the taste of food and prevent wound infections. We have to admit that this is also the survival wisdom accumulated by our ancestors through long-term life in the wild. Although we have the rich experience of our predecessors to guide us, for our own safety, we should still not rashly venture into the deep mountains. If there is no choice but to go, remember the following points.