在命运的轮回中，命运的神秘之手将我们推向未知。柳暗花明，智慧与坚韧即将揭开未来的面纱。

In the cycle of fate, the mysterious hand of fate pushes us towards the unknown. With the dawning of wisdom and resilience, the veil of the future is about to be unveiled.

1. 供料可以是一个涵义深刻的语段、一篇短文或一幅漫画；也可以是篇学习过的课文或某本书、某部影视剧片中的故事梗概。其写作要点体现在简述供料、引出感点、借“感”发挥、展开论述、总结全文等五个环节上，必须环环相扣，节节互应。根据这五个环节，概括出“引、议、联，结”四步写作法：

1. The material can be a profound paragraph, a short article, or a cartoon; it can also be a summary of a lesson learned or a story from a book or a film and TV drama. The key points of its writing are reflected in five stages: briefly describing the material, introducing the point of feeling, expressing feelings, developing the argument, and summarizing the entire text. These stages must be interconnected and mutually supportive. Based on these five stages, a four-step writing method can be summarized as "introduce, discuss, connect, and conclude."

2. 要领可概括为“引、析、点、联、结”五步法。具体地说，就是：

2. The principles can be summarized as a five-step method: "Introduce, Analyze, Point, Connect, and Tie." Specifically, this means:

3. 联系社会实际要注意：①必须紧扣论点；②同供料保持思路导向的一致；③“发挥”必须以论点和供料的导向为指针。

3. When contacting social reality, attention should be paid to: ① The text must be closely tied to the main argument; ② The thinking direction should be consistent with the provided materials; ③ "Development" must be guided by the main argument and the orientation of the provided materials.

4. 另外，由于不受文体的限制，也可以写成戏剧等形式。总而言之，话题作文就在于充分发掘每一个考生的实际语文能力，这的确是一种公平的作文考试形式。当然，如何考好这种形式的作文，对于今年的考生来说，仍需要下苦功积累训练，才能使自己在中考作文中超前一步。

4. Additionally, as there are no restrictions on style, it can also be written in dramatic forms. In summary, the topic essay aims to fully tap into each candidate's actual language abilities, which is indeed a fair essay examination format. Of course, for this year's candidates, to excel in this form of essay writing, it still requires hard work and training accumulation to take a step ahead in the composition of the middle school entrance examination.

5. 老天不会让一个人无路可走。

5. The heavens will not let a person be without a way.

6. 1引。就是简洁地引述供料的中心或令你最受感动、最受教育的事或人，从中引出感点，作为开头，统领总起全文。述，有概要式、评述式、感想式、问题式四种基本方式。

6. 1 Introduction. This involves briefly citing the central or most touching and educating aspects of the material provided, extracting a sentiment point from it, which serves as the starting point and outlines the main theme of the entire text. There are four basic methods of narration: summary, commentary, reflection, and question.

7. 这个世界是不断变化的，不会僵持在某一个阶段，易经这样说的：当你走投无路，运势会悄然发生变化，运势一变，走不通的路就会畅通，一旦畅通就会平稳。

7. This world is constantly changing and will not remain stagnant at any one stage. The I Ching says so: When you are at a dead end, your fortune will subtly change, and once your fortune changes, the road that was blocked will become open, and once it is open, it will become stable.

8. 经过这样一议之后，“感点”自然地内化为“论点”，论点与供料有人情合理的联系，在此基础上展开论述显得更加客观和全面。

8. After such a discussion, the "touchpoints" naturally internalize into "arguments," which have a reasonable and humane connection with the provided materials. Based on this, developing the discourse appears more objective and comprehensive.

9. 读后感属议论文中发感型一类的作文，要求考生读了提供的材料后写出自己的感受或做出评价。

9. A reading response essay is a type of argumentative writing where candidates are required to write their own feelings or make evaluations after reading the provided materials.

10. 例题当你手捧着烫金的毕业证书，想起了即将要离开美丽的校园、熟悉的教室、辛勤的园丁、朝夕相处的同学以及母校的一草一木……心中升起一股强烈的依恋之情。这时你肯定会有许多的感想；或者会有许多的回忆；或者你想把你美丽的学校介绍给大家。请你选取其中的一个话题进行写作，字数不少于500字，题目自拟，文体不限。文中校名、人名必须虚拟。

10. Example Question: When you hold the烫金的graduation certificate in your hands, memories flood in of the beautiful campus you are about to leave, the familiar classrooms, the diligent teachers, the classmates you spent every moment with, and every blade of grass and tree of your alma mater... A strong sense of attachment rises in your heart. At this moment, you must have many thoughts; or many memories; or you may want to introduce your beautiful school to everyone. Please choose one of these topics for writing, with a word count of no less than 500 words. The title is self-chosen, and the style is not limited. The names of the school and the people in the text must be fictional.

11. 明确话题作文基本文体——记叙文、议论文、读后感兼有议论文和应用文两种文体特点、说明文等的写作要点和要求。

11. Clarify the basic genres of topic-specific essays—narrative, argumentative, and reflection essays, which combine the characteristics of both argumentative and applied genres, as well as expository writing, and outline the key points and requirements for their writing.

12. 2析。对所引用的材料，从不同角度－－或正反，或今昔，或中外，或褒贬，进行一分为二的辩证分析，为亮出论点张本。但分析不宜过多、过长，以避免就事论事，喧宾夺主。上述两步都属提出问题引论部分，应略写。

12. 2 Analysis. For the cited materials, conduct a dialectical analysis from different perspectives – either positive and negative, or past and present, or domestic and foreign, or praise and criticism – in order to lay the groundwork for presenting the argument. However, the analysis should not be excessive or lengthy, to avoid getting bogged down in the specifics and overshadowing the main point. Both of the aforementioned steps belong to the introductory part of raising the issue and should be briefly written.

13. 3综合使用说明方法。在写作中一定要注意说明方法的综合运用，使文章在科学准确的前提下，同样具有形象生动性，在对学校的准确介绍中也具有生动的可读性。

13.3 Comprehensive instructions on the use of descriptive methods. In writing, one must always pay attention to the comprehensive application of descriptive methods, ensuring that the article maintains both scientific accuracy and vividness, and also possesses an engaging readability when accurately introducing the school.

14. 2根据材料提示的情景和情节，考生必须据此展开丰富的想象允许在忠实于生活基础上的虚构和由此及彼的合理联想进行再创造，重现在校的情景，以增强艺术感染力，突现中心。

14.2 Based on the scenario and plot provided by the materials, candidates must expand their imagination accordingly, allowing for fictional creation that is faithful to the basis of life and reasonable associations that lead from one thing to another. This is to recreate the scene on campus, enhancing the artistic appeal and highlighting the central theme.

15. 掌握话题作文的步骤：1读懂材料的内容。2从材料中提炼出中心思想。3根据材料给定的内容和由材料中提炼出来的中心，联系生活实际展开由此及彼的联想，借“料”引申和发挥。或记人叙事记叙文，或因事因人议理议论文，或介绍说明说明文。4按照自定的文体安排文章结构，确定符合文体要求的表达方式。5认真审读写作要求，按要求作文。

15. Master the steps of writing on a topic: 1. Understand the content of the material. 2. Extract the central idea from the material. 3. Based on the given content of the material and the central idea extracted from it, associate with the reality of life to carry out联想 from one thing to another, using the "material" to derive and elaborate. Whether it is a narrative about people and events, or a persuasive essay based on events and individuals, or an explanatory essay to introduce and explain. 4. Arrange the structure of the article according to the predefined style, and determine the expression methods that meet the requirements of the style. 5. Read the writing requirements carefully and write according to the requirements.

16. 俞敏洪曾对李娟说，在你出版著作之前，接二连三的被退稿，没有收入，生活贫困，你不觉得人生很绝望吗？

16. Yu Minhong once told Li Juan, "Before your books were published, you faced consecutive rejections, had no income, and lived in poverty. Don't you feel that life is desperate?"

17. 熬过低谷期，一切都会柳暗花明，现在是命运之神正在考验你。

17. After enduring the low point, everything will turn bright, and now it's the Fates testing you.

18. 村上春树说：“当暴风雨过去，你不会记得自己是如何度过的，你甚至不确定，暴风雨是否真正结束了，但你已不再是当初走进暴风雨里的那个人了，这就是暴风雨的意义。”

18. Haruki Murakami says, "When the storm passes, you won't remember how you got through it, and you even doubt whether the storm has truly ended, but you are no longer the person who stepped into the storm, and that is the meaning of the storm."

19. 过去的话题作文都不准写诗歌，因为诗歌较难把握，且又不属于初中语文的写作要求。但随着近几年来语文教改的深入完善，昆明市中考从去年起取消了对诗歌写作的限制。但从去年的阅卷情况看，考生和老师很明显还没有适应这一新的变化，没有一篇诗歌的作文。为了适应这一新的形式变化，对考生，尤其是有诗歌才华的考生应注意哪些呢？

19. In the past, essay topics were not allowed to include poetry, as poetry is difficult to grasp and does not fall under the writing requirements of junior high school Chinese. However, with the deepening and improvement of the Chinese language curriculum reform in recent years, the Kunming City Middle School entrance examination has abolished the restriction on poetry writing since last year. But from the grading situation last year, it is obvious that both candidates and teachers have not yet adapted to this new change, and there was not a single essay written in poetry. In order to adapt to this new format change, what should candidates, especially those with poetic talent, pay attention to?

20. 1审清题意；2读懂材料；3以题意为思路导向，以话题的内容为记叙对象和范围，表现题意或话题内容的中心思想。

20. 1 Clarify the meaning of the question; 2 Understand the materials; 3 Use the question meaning as the guiding thought, taking the content of the topic as the subject and scope, and expressing the central idea of the question or topic content.

21. 李娟回答:“绝望那倒没有绝望过，我觉得年轻人很少绝望的。我确实是年轻的时候经常受挫，但是很奇怪，也就是一种天性吧！

21. Li Juan replied: "I haven't felt绝望 yet, I think young people are rarely desperate. I did frequently encounter setbacks when I was young, but it's quite strange, maybe just a natural tendency!

22. 1拟好文题。要遵循三个原则：①题目必须从供料中概括出来，同供料保持一致；②题目必须能揭示本文的内容和中心，起到画龙点睛文眼的作用；③题目的文字要简明生动，新颖醒目，以小见大。

22.1 Draft the title. Adhere to the following three principles: ① The title must be summarized from the provided materials and maintain consistency with them; ② The title must reveal the content and central theme of the article, playing the role of highlighting the key point; ③ The text of the title should be concise, vivid, novel, and eye-catching, conveying more with less.

23. 3按照材料记人叙事的脉络，安排好写作顺序和主次详略。体现在如何开头和结尾、过渡与照应，重点放在记叙和描述在学校的学习生活上。努力做到既与材料保持一致，又有引申和发挥。

23. 3 According to the narrative context of the materials, arrange the writing sequence and the main and secondary details. This is reflected in how to start and end, as well as in transitions and echoes, with the focus on narrating and describing the school life. Strive to be consistent with the materials while also making inferences and elaborations.

24. 例：紧接上述“概要式开头”“我们应该充分肯定，愚公移山成功靠的正是毅力和恒心。试问：面对两座大山，以年迈的身体、简陋的工具，去挖山运土，没有毅力能坚持下去吗？一锄头一锄头地挖，一畚箕一畚箕地挑，要移掉两座大山，没有恒心行吗？由此可见：任何人要想干成一件事，要想成就大业，都必须有愚公移山的毅力和恒心。”

24. Example: Following the above "summary-style opening", "We should fully acknowledge that it is perseverance and determination that enable Yu Gong to move the mountains to success. Ask yourself: Faced with two towering mountains, with an aged body and primitive tools, how can one persist without perseverance? To dig the mountains and transport the soil, one spade at a time, one bucket at a time, can one move two mountains without constancy? From this we can see: Anyone who wants to accomplish a thing, to achieve great undertakings, must have the perseverance and constancy of Yu Gong moving the mountains."

25. 话题议论文的目的在于要求学生从材料中提炼出论点，引发思考和推想，并联系社会、生活、思想等实际，从中选择恰当的论据进行条分缕析论证论点。其写作过程大体经历阅读材料、分析材料、评价材料、引出观点、展开论述，得出结论六个阶段。写好话题议论文的要点和方法是：

25. The purpose of a topic argumentative essay is to require students to extract arguments from the materials, stimulate thinking and speculation, and connect with social, life, and ideological realities, choosing appropriate arguments for detailed analysis and argumentation of the thesis. The writing process generally goes through six stages: reading materials, analyzing materials, evaluating materials, stating viewpoints, developing arguments, and drawing conclusions. The key points and methods for writing a well-structured topic argumentative essay are:

26. 告诉你一个真相，这个世界其实只是你内心的投射，永远没有绝望的处境，只有一颗绝望的内心。

26. Let me tell you a truth: this world is actually a projection of your inner self. There is never a situation of despair, only a desolate heart.

27. 哪怕你的处境多么糟糕，哪怕你如何折腾也看不到希望，哪怕眼前的迷雾让你十分迷茫，你千万要相信自己，千万要相信未来，千万要相信希望，以积极乐观的心态去面对生命中发生的一切，以革命乐观主义和革命英雄主义的精神，面对一切艰难险阻。

27. No matter how bad your situation is, no matter how much you struggle and see no hope, no matter how the fog in front of you makes you confused, you must believe in yourself, you must believe in the future, and you must believe in hope. Face everything that happens in life with a positive and optimistic attitude, and confront all difficulties and dangers with the spirit of revolutionary optimism and revolutionary heroism.

28. ③感想式引述：“读罢《愚公移山》，愚公的形象萦绕在我的脑海里。我仿佛看到白发苍苍的愚公带着才七八岁的孙子等人每天挖山挑土，寒冬酷暑、刮风下雨，从不停止的情景；耳际仿佛回响着愚公驳斥智叟的声音：‘子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平？’多么可贵的毅力和恒心啊有了这种脚踏实地的坚韧不拔的毅力和恒心，世界上有什么事不能干成干好呢？”对供料谈出自己的感受和想法。

28. ③ Quotative style reflection: "After reading 'Yu Gong Moves the Mountain', the image of Yu Gong has been lingering in my mind. I seem to see an elderly Yu Gong, with his grandson of only seven or eight years old and others, digging and carrying soil every day, regardless of the severe cold or scorching summer, or the wind and rain; the echo of Yu Gong's rebuke to the wise old man seems to be echoing in my ears: 'From generation to generation, there is an endless supply, but the mountain does not increase, why be in a hurry to be unequal?' How precious is the perseverance and steadfastness! With this kind of down-to-earth, indomitable perseverance and steadfastness, what cannot be achieved or done well in the world?" Express your own feelings and thoughts on the provided material.

29. 3诗歌的字数。这是写诗歌的同学最关心的问题，在考场上唯恐字数不够500字以上而被扣分。其实考生大可不必为此担心，在放开文体限制的同时，命题教师就考虑到诗歌的字数问题，所以在评卷中规定诗歌每行以20字计。

29. The Number of Characters in Poetry. This is the most concerned issue for students writing poetry, as they are afraid of being deducted points in the exam for not having at least 500 characters. In fact, examinees have no need to worry about this. While relaxing the restrictions on writing style, the teachers who set the questions have taken into account the issue of the number of characters in poetry. Therefore, it is stipulated in the scoring that each line of poetry counts as 20 characters.

30. 话题作文是近几年来中考作文的主流题型。它提供一段文字，然后让学生联想展开，发挥各自的语文能力来完成作文。其中，自拟题目，不限定文体，有利于考生的水平发挥，有利于不同思维方式的考生写作，有利于不同地区的考生写作，具有较高的试题公正性，这种类型的作文，因为能较真实地考出考生的作文水平——考生先要读懂提供的材料，理解写作的要求，还要联系生活实际，展开人情合理的想象和由此及彼的联想以及逻辑严密的议事说理，再用语言文字把文章写出来，是语文知识和语文能力的综合测试，所以被公认为是考场作文的最佳方式，为全国越来越多的命题点采用。昆明市中考在这一方面显然是走在了全国的前列：从2000年开始考话题作文起，已经有两年的历史了。如何面对这种新的题型呢？在此我想和考生们谈谈自己的想法。

30. The topic essay has been the mainstream type of composition in the college entrance examination in recent years. It provides a passage of text, then allows students to associate and expand, giving full play to their own linguistic abilities to complete the composition. Among them, the title is self-chosen, without any restrictions on the style, which is beneficial for the level of candidates,有利于 different thinking patterns of candidates to write, and有利于 candidates from different regions to write. It has a high degree of question fairness. This type of composition, because it can more truly test the composition level of candidates - candidates must first read the provided material, understand the writing requirements, and then connect with the reality of life, carry out reasonable imagination and association from one thing to another, and finally express the ideas through language and text, is a comprehensive test of linguistic knowledge and linguistic abilities, so it is universally recognized as the best way for exam composition and has been adopted by an increasing number of item setters nationwide. Kunming City's college entrance examination has obviously taken the lead in this aspect: since the topic essay was introduced in 2000, it has already had a history of two years. How to face this new type of question? Here, I would like to share my thoughts with the candidates.

31. 综上所述，话题记叙文的写法可归纳为“认真读题，理解材料，明确题意”。具体点说，就是考生应从话题材料显示的情景出发，根据题目的启示和导向，通过合理的想象形象思维和推断逻辑思维，联系切身的生活体验，创造性地再现情景。这就要求考生必须认真揣摩文题和所提供的材料，不能偏离或超越文题的导向和材料的主旨。

31. In summary, the writing style of a topic narrative can be summarized as "carefully read the question, understand the material, and clarify the meaning of the question." Specifically, it means that candidates should start from the situation displayed in the topic material, based on the启示 and guidance of the question, through reasonable imagination, figurative thinking, and inference logical thinking, and link it with their own life experiences, creatively reproducing the situation. This requires candidates to carefully ponder the text title and the provided material, and not deviate from or exceed the guidance of the text title or the main theme of the material.

32. 没有比人更高的山，没有比脚更远的路。只要你足够勇敢，足够坚强，足够乐观，足够正能量，就没有任何妖魔鬼怪可以阻拦你，跨过这个坎，熬过这个时，你就会走上人生的通天大道。

32. There is no mountain higher than man, no road further than the feet. As long as you are brave enough, strong enough, optimistic enough, and filled with enough positive energy, no evil spirits or demons can obstruct you. By crossing this hurdle and enduring this period, you will step onto the grand avenue of life.

33. ④问题式引述：“每一个同学，谁不希望自己能取得好成绩，将来能有个理想的工作，为父母、为祖国争光呢？但不少同学常常一碰到困难或挫折就灰心丧气，对前途失去了信心和勇气，这是为什么呢？今天我重读了《愚公移山》，我明白了仅有美好的理想却没有坚韧的毅力和恒心是什么事也办不成的。从供料中提出发现的问题，再从问题中引出感点。

33. ④ Problem-oriented citation: "Who among us doesn't hope to achieve good grades, secure an ideal job in the future, and bring glory to our parents and our motherland? However, many students often lose heart and become despondent when they encounter difficulties or setbacks, losing confidence and courage in their future prospects. Why is that? Today, I have reread 'Yu Gong Moves a Mountain', and I have realized that having beautiful ideals but lacking tenacity and perseverance is impossible to accomplish anything. I have extracted the discovered problems from the material, and then drawn out emotional points from the problems."

34. 1诗歌的形象性。诗歌是要有形象的，无论是古诗词还是现代诗歌，没有形象就不可能有好的诗歌。回忆我们学过的《沁园春·雪》《登楼》《给乌兰诺娃》《致黄浦江》等，都有鲜明的形象。

34. 1 The Imagery in Poetry. Poetry must have imagery; whether it is ancient poetry or modern poetry, without imagery, there can be no good poetry. Recall the poems we have learned, such as "Spring Snow in Qin Garden," "Ascending the Tower," "Toulanova," and "To the Huangpu River," all of which have distinct imagery.

35. 2诗歌的情感性。诗歌的重要特征就是以情动人，非常讲究感情基调。如《周总理，你在哪里》《十一月四日风雨大作》等，情感不同，内容不同。有时诗歌内容相同，但感情基调却不同，同是送别，《送元二使安西》《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》《晓出净慈寺送林子方》《白雪歌送武判官归京》等中诗人表达出的情感各不一样。

35.2 The Emotional Quality of Poetry. One of the important characteristics of poetry is its ability to move people emotionally, with great attention to the emotional tone. For example, in poems like "Where Are You, Prime Minister Zhou?" and "On November 4th, a Great Storm Raged," the emotions and content differ. Sometimes, the content of the poetry may be the same, but the emotional tone is different. For instance, in the poems "Saying Farewell to Yuan Er as He Embarks on His Mission to Anxi," "Farewell to Meng Haoran at the Yellow Crane Tower," "Leaving Lin Zifang at the Jingsi Temple at Dawn," and "Snowsong Sending Wu Panjun Back to the Capital," the poets express different emotions.