1. 3雨后天晴，及时叶面追肥。暴雨淋洗会造成土壤养分流失和植株生长不良等，要结合防病治虫，采用叶面追肥方式及时适量补施氮、磷、钾肥及其它复合微肥，补充植株养分以尽快恢复长势。可用02%水溶性微肥（富含镁铁锰锌硼钼铜等多种元素），或02%磷酸二氢钾等加氨基酸叶面肥进行叶面喷施，促进中药材恢复生长。

1. After the rain, clear skies, timely foliar fertilization is needed. Heavy rain can wash away soil nutrients and cause poor plant growth, etc. It is necessary to combine disease and pest control, and use foliar fertilization to timely and appropriately supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and other composite micro-fertilizers to supplement plant nutrients and promote the rapid recovery of growth. Water-soluble micro-fertilizers (rich in magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, copper and other elements) at 0.2% concentration can be used, or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., added with amino acid foliar fertilizer for foliar spraying to promote the recovery of traditional Chinese medicine plants.

2. 5切实注意中药材灾后病虫害预防控制。大雨过后，造成田间积水，或土壤含水量饱和，中药材长势衰弱，气温快速回升后，有利于中药材各种病虫害发生与流行。极易引发枯萎病、根腐病、霜霉病、炭疽病、疫病等病虫害。要针对不同品种、受害程度及时喷施杀菌、杀虫剂。抢晴天用药，选择安全、对口药剂防治，注意轮换用药，保障中药材安全生产。

2. 5 Pay close attention to the post-disaster pest and disease prevention and control of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. After heavy rain, field flooding or soil saturation can weaken the growth of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. With the rapid rise in temperature after the rain, it is favorable for the occurrence and spread of various pests and diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. It is easy to trigger diseases such as wilting disease, root rot, downy mildew, anthracnose, and epidemic disease. Timely application of fungicides and insecticides should be carried out according to different varieties and the degree of damage. Utilize sunny weather for medication, choose safe and appropriate agents for prevention and control, and pay attention to alternating the use of drugs to ensure the safe production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

3. 热种子碰到冷地面还可能导致结露。水稻种子品种繁多，有时在一块晒场上同时要晒几个品种，如稍有疏忽，容易造成品种混杂。

3. When hot seeds come into contact with a cold surface, condensation may occur. There are many varieties of rice seeds, and sometimes several varieties need to be dried on the same drying ground at the same time. If there is any negligence, it is easy to cause the varieties to become mixed up.

4. 稻种有内稃保护，比较耐贮藏，只要做好适时收成，及时干燥，控制种温文水分，注重防虫等工作，一般可达到安全贮藏的目的。

4. Rice varieties with protected inner husks are more resistant to storage. As long as proper harvesting, timely drying, controlling seed temperature and moisture, and paying attention to pest control are carried out, it is generally possible to achieve the goal of safe storage.

5. 一般环境下，每公斤稻谷中有玉吃稻麦的害虫20头以上时，就能导致种温上升，每公斤内超过50头时，种温上升更为明显。单纯因为仓虫危害而导致的发热，种温一般不超过35℃，因为谷蠹危害而导致的发热，则种温可高达42℃。

5. Under general conditions, when there are more than 20 pests of the rice-millet eating insect per kilogram of rice, it can cause the seed temperature to rise. When there are more than 50 pests per kilogram, the rise in seed temperature becomes more pronounced. In cases where the rise in temperature is solely due to insect infestation, the seed temperature generally does not exceed 35℃, whereas, in cases where the rise in temperature is due to the infestation of granary weevils, the seed temperature can reach as high as 42℃.

6. 1及时清沟排水。做好清沟理渠工作，保持沟渠畅通，及时排除田间积水，防止渍害。遇到暴雨田间积水严重时要用抽水机抢排，确保安全度汛。

6.1 Timely clearing of ditches and drainage. Carry out the work of clearing ditches and canals properly, maintain the channels unobstructed, promptly drain off excess water in the fields, and prevent waterlogging damage. In case of heavy rainfall causing severe waterlogging in the fields, use a pump to rush the drainage to ensure safe passage of the flood season.

7. 常用堆存方式有“金钱孔”形及“井字”形等，堆放高度宜低，一般适于临时性的短期贮藏。

7. Common storage methods include the "gold coin hole" shape and the "cross" shape, etc. The stacking height should be low, generally suitable for temporary and short-term storage.

8. 但是，16%~17%水分的稻种只能作权时贮藏，应抓紧时间进行翻晒降水，以防高水分种子在低温条件下发生霉变。（

8. However, rice seeds with 16% to 17% moisture content can only be stored for a short period. It is essential to promptly turn and dry them to reduce moisture, in order to prevent mold growth in seeds stored at low temperatures.

9. 种子的贮藏方法有：分户保管法、暖库保管法、窖藏法、室外露天保管法。 1。

9. Methods of seed storage include: individual household storage, warm storage, pit storage, and outdoor open-air storage. 1.

10. 5%的稻种，贮藏1个月便生霉。因此，种子 水分应根据贮藏温度不同加以控制。

10. 5% of the rice seeds will develop mold after storage for one month. Therefore, the moisture content of the seeds should be controlled according to the storage temperature.

11. 一般情况下，每千克稻谷中有 玉米象20头以上时，就能引起种温上升，每千克内超过50 头时，种温上升更为明显。单纯由于仓虫危害而引起的发 热，种温一般不超过35°C，由于谷蠢危害而引起的发热， 则种温可高达42°C。

11. Generally, when there are more than 20 corn borers per kilogram of rice, it can cause an increase in seed temperature. When there are more than 50 per kilogram, the increase in seed temperature is even more pronounced. Fever caused solely by grain pests usually does not exceed 35°C, whereas fever caused by weevil pests can reach as high as 42°C.

12. 仓内害虫可用药剂熏杀。今朝常用的农药剂有磷化铝，另外，还可用防虫磷防护。

12. Pests inside storage facilities can be killed by fumigation with certain agents. Currently, commonly used pesticides include aluminum phosphide, and in addition, insecticide phosphorus can be used for protection.

13. 当前，浙江早稻处于幼穗分化期，即将进入抽穗扬花期；单季晚稻处于育苗移栽期，部分早播早栽的已进入分蘖期，汛期的持续降雨或强降雨易延误水稻栽插季节，同时造成田间缺苗倒苗、化肥流失、田间积水时间过长或水层过深阻碍水稻根系生长等问题，均不利水稻群体结构优化和个体健壮生长。

13. Currently, the early rice in Zhejiang is in the stage of spike differentiation, about to enter the heading and flowering stage; the single-season late rice is in the seedling raising and transplanting period, with some early-sown and early-transplanted ones already entering the tillering stage. The continuous or heavy rainfall during the flood season is likely to delay the planting season of rice, causing problems such as missing or uprooted seedlings in the fields, loss of chemical fertilizer, prolonged field waterlogging, or excessively deep water levels, which hinder the growth of rice roots. All these issues are unfavorable for optimizing the population structure of rice and for the robust growth of individual plants.

14. 水稻种子主要的害虫有玉米象、米象、谷蠢、麦蛾、谷盗等。 仓虫大量繁殖，除引起贮藏稻谷的发热外，还能剥蚀 稻谷的皮层和胚部，使稻谷完全失去种用价值，同时降低 酶的活性和维生素含量，并使蛋白质及其他有机营养物质 遭受严峻损耗。

14. The main pests affecting rice seeds include corn weevils, rice weevils, grain borers, wheat moths, grain beetles, and others. The large-scale繁殖 of these insects not only causes heat generation in stored rice but also剥蚀 the hull and embryo of the rice grains, leading to the complete loss of their seed value. It also reduces the activity of enzymes and the content of vitamins, and results in severe depletion of proteins and other organic nutrients.

15. 分户保管法该方法适宜在农户家使用，就是在住人房间的 炕梢上垫一块15 ~ 30厘米高的木板，或南北炕间搭 板，在木板上放3 ~5袋种子过冬。 这种方法实际上 是一种温室保管法。

15. Individual Storage Method: This method is suitable for use in rural households. It involves placing a board 15 to 30 centimeters high under the hearth in the living room, or bridging a board between the north and south hearths, and then placing 3 to 5 bags of seeds on the board to overwinter. This method is essentially a greenhouse storage method.

16. 仓虫通常在稻谷人仓前已传染种子，如贮藏时期条件适宜，就迅速大量生殖，造成极大侵害。仓虫对稻谷危害的严重性，一方面决议于仓虫的粉碎性，同时也随仓虫生殖力的强弱而不同。

16. Grain pests usually infect the seeds before being stored in the rice granary. If the storage conditions are suitable, they reproduce rapidly and in large numbers, causing significant damage. The severity of the rice grain pests' harm depends on both the destructiveness of the pests and also varies with the strength of their reproductive capabilities.

17. 控制种子水分和温度水稻种子水分含量的多少是直接关系到稻种安全贮藏 的重要因素。

17. Controlling seed moisture and temperature The amount of moisture content in rice seeds is a direct factor affecting the safe storage of rice seeds.

18. 袋贮发：用麻袋或透气性好的袋子，袋里种子不要装的太满以免影响种子呼吸，在仓库中垛成码。

18. Bag storage method: Use jute bags or bags with good breathability. Do not fill the seeds too full in the bags to avoid affecting the seed respiration, and stack them in the warehouse.

19. 但 是种子水分不能放得过宽，以免发热和生霉。晚稻种子的 水分，一般不超过15%，而且还须在晴朗天气进行翻晒降①如无特殊说明，书中百分数表示的含量均指质量分数。

19. However, the seed moisture should not be allowed to become too high to prevent heat generation and mold formation. The moisture content of late rice seeds should generally not exceed 15%, and it must also be dried and sunned in clear weather. ① Unless otherwise specified, the percentages in the book indicate mass fractions.

20. 1梅雨季，做好杨梅等成熟水果采摘工作。下月是杨梅、蓝莓、早熟桃等水果成熟季节，也进入梅雨季，产业部门要加强对杨梅等露地水果的采摘、贮运各环节技术指导，指导果农掌握采收时间，抓住晴好天气，及时分级采摘。

20.1 During the plum rain season, do a good job of picking mature fruits such as plums. Next month is the season when plums, blueberries, early-ripening peaches, and other fruits are ripe, and it also enters the plum rain season. The industrial departments should strengthen technical guidance at all stages of picking, storage, and transportation of outdoor fruits such as plums, and guide fruit farmers to master the harvest time, seize fine weather, and carry out timely grading and picking.

21. 药 物拌种是一种应急措施，将药物拌人湿种子内可抑制种子 的呼吸作用，在短期内能防备种子发热和生霉。 据试验， 含水量为28%的杣稻种子5000kg均匀拌人丙酸4kg，在通 气条件下可保存6天。

21. Seed dressing with medication is an emergency measure. By mixing medication with wet seeds, the respiration of the seeds can be suppressed, which can prevent seed heat and mold in the short term. According to experiments, when 4kg of propionic acid is uniformly mixed with 5000kg of seed rice with a moisture content of 28%, it can be stored for 6 days under ventilated conditions.

22. 窖容以2立方米 左右为宜，土质好的也不宜超过3立方米。长形窖 比圆形窖好，容易与地温接近，能自然控制温度， 不致发热坏种。

22. The ideal capacity of the pit should be around 2 cubic meters, and even with good soil quality, it should not exceed 3 cubic meters. Long-shaped pits are better than circular ones, as they are more easily close to the ground temperature, allowing for natural temperature control and preventing the seed from spoiling due to overheating.

23. 天津水稻研究所将自然干燥的种子用纸袋包装存入干燥器内（内装干燥剂）9年后，11个品种的平均发芽率仍达96。4%。

23. After 9 years of storing naturally dried seeds in a desiccator (with desiccant) in paper bags, the average germination rate of 11 varieties still reached 96.4%.

24. 治虫防霉①治虫。我国产稻地区的特点是高温多湿，仓虫容易 滋生。

24. Pest Control and Mold Prevention ① Pest control. The characteristics of rice-producing areas in our country are high temperature and high humidity, which are prone to the proliferation of warehouse pests.

25. 防虫防霉南方稻区多高温、高湿，尤其是早、中稻种子，其防虫、防霉是关键的环节。

25. In the southern rice-growing areas, which are prone to high temperatures and humidity, especially for early and mid-season rice seeds, the prevention of pests and mold is a crucial link.

26. 用05kg使变白粉拌在500kg稻种内，有同样成效。如果用在其它种子上，要适当降低药量或经过实验。

26. Using 05 kg of the whitening powder mixed with 500 kg of rice seeds yields the same effect. If used on other seeds, the dosage should be appropriately reduced or tested through experimentation.

27. 广东省将干燥种子放在一18°C的冷库中贮藏3年，其发芽率仍达90%以上。 ③干燥器贮藏。

27. Guangdong Province stored the dried seeds in a cold storage at -18°C for 3 years, and their germination rate still reached over 90%. ③ Storage in a desiccator.

28. 劳动的成果是所有果实中最甜美的。 yuwenmi我整理了秋天收获的谚语语录，欢迎欣赏与借鉴。

28. The fruit of labor is the sweetest of all fruits. I have compiled some proverbs and sayings about autumn harvest, welcome to appreciate and reference.

29. 稻的贮藏分贮谷和贮米两种，中国以贮谷为主。 贮谷因有谷壳保护，米的食味较易保持，且较耐贮 藏，但贮藏的体积较大。

29. The storage of rice is divided into two types: storage of grain and storage of rice. In China, the storage of grain is predominant. The storage of grain, protected by the husks, is easier to maintain the flavor of the rice, and is more resistant to storage, but it requires a larger storage volume.

30. 水稻种子主要的害虫有玉吃稻麦的害虫、吃稻麦的害虫、谷蠹、麦蛾、谷盗等。仓虫大量生殖，除导致贮藏稻谷的发热外，还能剥蚀稻谷的皮层和胚部，使稻谷完全失去种用价值，同时降低酶的活性和维他命含量，并使蛋白质及其它有机营养事物遭受严重损耗。

30. The main pests of rice seeds include pests that eat rice and wheat, pests that eat rice and wheat, grain weevils, wheat moths, grain beetles, etc. The large-scale reproduction of warehouse insects not only causes the rice stored to heat up, but also can peel off the pericarp and embryo of the rice, completely losing the seed value of the rice. At the same time, it reduces the activity of enzymes and the content of vitamins, and causes severe loss of proteins and other organic nutrients.

31. 2高温期，做好设施栽培水果通风工作。下月温度持续上升，天气晴好时，要及时对大棚揭膜通风，延长通风时间，防止棚内温湿度过高对水果为害。

31. During the high-temperature period, ensure proper ventilation for fruit cultivation in greenhouses. As the temperature continues to rise next month and on sunny days, it is important to timely uncover the greenhouse film for ventilation, extend the ventilation time, and prevent excessive temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse from harming the fruit.

32. 仓内害虫可用药剂熏杀。目前常用的杀虫药剂除磷化 铝外，还可用防虫磷防护。

32. Insecticides can be used to fumigate pests within storage facilities. In addition to phosphine, currently commonly used insecticides include insecticide phosphorus for protection.

33. 种子脱粒后，立即进行曝晒，只要在均等种温能达到40℃以上的烈日下，经过2~3d曝晒即可达到安全水分标准。曝晒时如阳光强烈，要多加翻动，以防受热不匀，发生爆腰现象，水泥晒场尤应注重这一问题。

33. After the seeds are dehulled, they should be immediately dried in the sun. As long as the average seed temperature can reach above 40℃ under the intense sun, 2 to 3 days of sun drying can meet the safety moisture standard. During the sun drying process, if the sunlight is strong, more frequent turning is required to prevent uneven heating and the occurrence of cracking, which is especially important for concrete drying yards.

34. 室外露天保管法该方法通常适用于种子含水量低的稻谷。贮藏 时，选背风向阳地势高的地方立囤，囤底垫木棱， 铺15 ~ 30厘米厚干稻草，再铺草帘或炕席，四周围 上草帘，中间堆放稻种，用稻草严密覆盖，苫好顶 部。

34. Outdoor open storage method: This method is usually suitable for rice with low seed moisture content. When storing, choose a location with a sunny and high ground away from the wind, set up a pile, place wooden edges at the bottom of the pile, lay 15 to 30 centimeters of dry straw, then cover with straw mats or bed mats, wrap straw mats around the four sides, stack the rice seeds in the middle, cover them tightly with straw, and cover the top properly.

35. 入窖时期，以土层上冻3 ~6厘米厚 时为好，出窖时间以化冻6 ~ 10厘米为好。过早出 窖，气温尚不稳定，一冻一化，受变温中的低温影 响易降低发芽率；过晚出窖，阳气上升，地下水提 高，种子易受潮，降低生活力。

35. The optimal time for entering the storage is when the soil layer is frozen to a thickness of 3 to 6 centimeters. The ideal time for removing from storage is when the frozen layer thaws to a depth of 6 to 10 centimeters. Removing from storage too early, when the air temperature is still unstable, can lead to repeated freezing and thawing, which is susceptible to the low-temperature effects of changing temperatures and can easily reduce the germination rate; on the other hand, removing from storage too late, as the yang energy rises and groundwater levels increase, the seeds are prone to dampness, which can reduce their vitality.

36. 种子贮藏前，要利用太阳能或烘干机 进行干燥，车净。贮藏库或器具要严格消毒。

36. Before storing seeds, they should be dried using solar energy or a drier and cleaned. The storage warehouse or container must be strictly disinfected.

37. 过迟收成的种子，在田间日晒夜露呼吸效用消耗事物多，有时种子会在穗上抽芽，这样的种子同样不耐贮藏。所以，收成时必须充分了解品种的成熟特征，适时收成。

37. Seed that is harvested too late, due to prolonged exposure to the sun and dew in the field, consumes a lot of respiratory energy and nutrients, and sometimes the seeds may germinate on the ear. Such seeds are also not suitable for storage. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the maturity characteristics of the variety and harvest it at the right time.

38. 治虫防霉1治虫我国产稻地域的特点是高温多湿，仓虫容易滋长。

38. Pest Control and Mold Prevention The characteristics of the rice-producing regions in our country are high temperature and high humidity, which are conducive to the growth of pests in granaries.

39. 及时查苗补苗。受暴雨影响，稻田或田间稻苗有可能严重受淹或被冲毁，在做好农业保险报损工作的同时，要及时做好稻田修整，及时补种。对因强降雨导致田间缺苗倒苗的，移栽田要及时进行匀苗扶正，清理苗上杂物和泥浆，并进行补苗。对未插的单季晚稻，要抢晴尽早插种，采用机插侧深施肥技术可减少梅雨天气肥料的流失。

39. Timely check and replant seedlings. Due to heavy rain, there is a possibility that paddy fields or rice seedlings in the fields may be severely flooded or destroyed. While doing the agricultural insurance damage reporting, it is important to promptly repair the paddy fields and replant the seeds. For those fields that are short of seedlings or the seedlings are uprooted due to heavy rain, it is necessary to timely even out and straighten the seedlings in the transplanting fields, clean the debris and mud on the seedlings, and replant them. For the single-season late rice that has not been planted, it is important to take advantage of the sunny weather to plant as early as possible. Using the machine planting and side deep fertilization technique can reduce the loss of fertilizer during the plum rain season.

40. 但在晾晒前，晒场必须清理干净，以防止种子混杂。晒种必须先晒场，而且要薄摊勤翻，以防止干燥不匀或爆腰。

40. However, before drying, the drying ground must be cleaned thoroughly to prevent seed mixture. The seeds must be dried on the ground first, and they should be spread thinly and turned frequently to prevent uneven drying or cracking.

41. 由于囤北面和西面受风的影响较大，受低温冷 害重，往往发芽率低于东面和南面，因此，西面、北面应加厚防护层。 贮藏稻谷还可以按照堆存方式分。

41. Due to the significant influence of winds from the north and west, they are more prone to cold damage with lower germination rates compared to the east and south. Therefore, the protective layer on the west and north sides should be thickened. Rice storage can also be classified according to the method of stacking.

42. 机械烘干温度不克不及过高，防止灼伤种子。如果碰到阴雨天气，应接纳薄摊勤翻，鼓风去湿，加温干燥，药物拌种等要领尽量加快地将种子水分降下来。

42. The temperature for mechanical drying should not be too high to prevent scorching the seeds. If adverse weather conditions such as cloudy or rainy days occur, it is advisable to spread the seeds thinly, turn them frequently, use forced air to remove moisture, increase the temperature for drying, and mix with seed treatment chemicals to try to quickly reduce the seed moisture content.

43. 2及早采收近成熟瓜菜。抢收易受淹田地和不耐涝品种蔬菜，减少因灾损失。苋菜、毛毛菜等速生叶菜要根据市场行情及时采收供应市场。

43. 2 Harvest near-mature vegetables and fruits early. Rush to harvest crops in fields prone to flooding and varieties of vegetables that are not tolerant to waterlogging to minimize losses due to disasters. Quick-growing leafy vegetables such as amaranth and chickweed should be harvested and supplied to the market in accordance with market conditions.

44. 这种情况对于摊晒过厚的种子更为明 显。机械烘干温度不能过高，防止灼伤种子。

44. This situation is more pronounced for seeds that have been spread too thickly for drying. The temperature of mechanical drying should not be too high to prevent scorching the seeds.