岁月如歌，成长之路漫漫。成年的步伐，离不开三大基石：赚钱养家、读书求知、运动健身。在这篇文章中，我们将一同探索如何在这三方面打下坚实基础，让人生之路更加宽广。

Years flow like a song, and the path of growth is long. The stride of adulthood is inseparable from the three cornerstones: earning a living to support the family, studying for knowledge, and exercising for fitness. In this article, we will explore together how to lay a solid foundation in these three aspects, making the path of life broader.

1. 宋濂尊师重道，不畏艰苦，勤于学习、善于学习的精神是值得效法的。 《送东阳马生序》给我们讲述了作者宋濂在求学时期虚心求教和刻苦学习的经历，让人不禁佩服作者能在如此艰苦的环境下坚持学习。

1. Song Lian respects his teachers and values the path of learning, and his spirit of diligence and skill in studying is worthy of emulation. "The Letter to Ma Sheng of Dongyang" tells us of the author Song Lian's experiences during his student days, seeking knowledge humbly and studying diligently, which inevitably inspires admiration for the author's ability to persist in learning under such harsh conditions.

2. 这个故事讲的是西汉的著名学者匡衡，他出身于农民家庭，生活十分艰苦甚至连书也买不起，匡衡只好四处借书看，他很希望能够在睡前读一读书但由于家中穷得连灯油也没有，根本无法点灯读书，正当他发愁时，忽然发现丝丝的光线正从墙壁的缝隙中透射过来，原来这是邻居的灯光。 匡衡心生一计便用凿子把那小缝挖成一个小洞，然后捧着书，倚在墙边，利用那点微弱的光线读书，从此，匡衡每晚就借着邻居的灯光，埋首苦读，最后成了著名的学者。

2. This story is about the famous scholar Kuang Heng from the Western Han Dynasty. He came from a farmer's family and lived in extreme hardship, even to the point where he couldn't afford books. Kuang Heng had to borrow books from everywhere. He very much hoped to read a book before going to sleep, but since his family was so poor that they couldn't even afford lamp oil, he couldn't light a lamp to read. Just when he was feeling frustrated, he suddenly noticed a thin beam of light shining through the cracks in the wall. It turned out to be the light from his neighbor's house. Kuang Heng thought of a plan and used an awl to enlarge the small crack into a small hole. Then he held the book and leaned against the wall, using that faint light to read. From then on, Kuang Heng would study diligently every night by borrowing the light from his neighbor's house, and eventually became a famous scholar.

3. 打球，跑步，撸铁，游泳，拉伸，登山，在酣畅淋漓的运动中强身健体，愉悦身心。

3. Playing ball, running, lifting weights, swimming, stretching, hiking – through vigorous physical activities, strengthen the body, and bring joy to the mind and spirit.

4. 如《王冕传》，写出一个元末“狂士” 的精神面貌，开头描写王冕少年读书情形的一节，颇有情趣： 王冕者，诸暨人。

4. As in the "Biography of Wang Mian," it portrays the spiritual appearance of a "mad scholar" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The section at the beginning, describing Wang Mian's youth and his reading habits, is quite interesting: Wang Mian was from Zhujia.

5. 庚寅一炬，种子断绝，唯此金华宋氏景濂所藏小宋本，图记宛然，古香可爱，推稀世珍。”又有宋本《春秋经传集解》、《史记》、《文选》等流入清宫内府，《天禄琳琅续编》有记。

5. In the year of the Rooster, a fire broke out, destroying the seeds, but only this small Song edition preserved by the Jinglian of the Song family in Jinhua remains, with clear illustrations and an ancient fragrance that is adorable, being considered a rare treasure of the world." Additionally, the Song editions of "Spring and Autumn Annals with Annotations," "Records of the Grand Historian," and "Selections of Refined Literature" have also flowed into the palace of the Qing Dynasty, and there are records of this in the "Continuation of Tianlu Lianlang."

6. 决定我们自身的不是过去的经历，而是我们自己赋予经历的意义。

我们对自身的决定不是由过去的经历决定的，而是由我们自己赋予经历的意义决定的。

7. 在天道自然观方面，他借用医家与早期道家所使用过的“气母”即“气者生之母”的说法，认为宇宙的升降运动和四季庶物的欣荣藏息，是“气母”即“元气”运行的缘故。这种“气母”或“元气”，“其出无根，其人无门”，无涯无际，人们虽不能觉察它，但它确实存在。

7. In terms of the natural view of the Way of Heaven, he borrows the concept of "Qi Mother" or "the Mother of Qi," which was used by the medical practitioners and early Taoists, to argue that the rise and fall movements of the universe and the prosperity and rest of all things in the four seasons are due to the operation of the "Qi Mother" or "Original Qi." This "Qi Mother" or "Original Qi" has no root from which it emerges and no gate through which it enters; it is boundless and limitless. Although people cannot perceive it, it indeed exists.

8. 以年老辞官还乡。后因其长孙宋慎牵连胡惟庸党案，朱元璋本欲杀戮，经皇后、太子力劝，改为全家流放茂州（现在四川省茂汶羌族自治县）。1381年五月二十日（6月12日），途中病死于夔州（现在重庆奉节县），后谥文宪。

8. After reaching old age, he resigned from his official post and returned to his hometown. Later, because his eldest grandson Song Shen was implicated in the Hu Weiyong party case, Zhu Yuanzhang initially wanted to kill him. After the empress and the crown prince strongly advised against it, he was instead sentenced to be exiled with his entire family to Maozhou (now Maoxian Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province). On the 20th of May 1381 (June 12th), he died of illness during the journey in Kuizhou (now Fengjie County, Chongqing), and was posthumously titled Wenxian.

9. 就像一首诗里说的那样：“**的树林里分出两条路，我选择了人迹更少的一条，从而决定了一生的道路。”阿德勒认为，当人们要摆脱自卑感的时候，主要有两条路径：要么是直接解决让你自卑的问题；要么是通过补偿的办法间接解决，但是补偿有真假之分，货真价实的补偿能够利人利己，虚假的补偿只能是自欺欺人。

9. As a poem says, "In the woods, two paths diverged in a yellow wood, and I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." Adler believes that when people strive to overcome feelings of inferiority, there are mainly two paths: either directly address the issues that make you feel inferior, or indirectly resolve them through compensation. However, compensation can be true or false; genuine compensation can benefit both oneself and others, while false compensation can only deceive oneself.

10. 贫居闹市无人问，富在深山有远亲。一个有钱的人，不怕世情凉薄，不惧人心难测，因为钱就是最大的底气，最靠谱的依托。

10. In the bustling city, poverty goes unnoticed; in the deep mountains, wealth has distant relatives. A person with wealth does not fear the world's coldness or the unpredictability of human hearts, because money is the greatest confidence and the most reliable support.

11. 你好，欢迎加入新世相读书会。今天为你讲述的书是《自卑与超越》，这是一本心理学的经典著作。你将听到：追求优越感是每个人奋斗的核心动力，我们会因此发现自己的不足，感到自卑，继而寻求补偿，超越自我。在这个过程中，如果你选择正确的路径，则会利人利己，选择错误的路径，则会自欺欺人。

11. Hello, welcome to the New Era Reading Club. Today's book we are going to talk about is "The Struggle Against Inferiority," a classic work in psychology. You will hear: The pursuit of superiority is the core driving force behind everyone's struggle, and through this, we discover our shortcomings, feel inferior, and then seek compensation to transcend ourselves. In this process, if you choose the right path, you will benefit both yourself and others; if you choose the wrong path, you will deceive yourself and others.

12. 在《文原》一文 中，他强调了文“非专指辞翰之文”，而是道的“象”即显现，文与道相始终，道在哪 里，文亦在哪里。在其他文章中，宋濂也反复提出“文非道不立，非道不充，非道不行 （《白云稿序》）；“文外无道，道外无文”（《徐教授文集序》）。

12. In the article "Wenyuan," he emphasized that "wen" does not exclusively refer to the written word, but rather to the "image" of the Tao, or its manifestation. Literature and the Tao are inseparable, and wherever the Tao is, so is literature. In other articles, Song Lian also repeatedly proposed that "literature cannot stand without the Tao, cannot be full without the Tao, and cannot be practiced without the Tao" ("序白云稿"); "there is no Tao outside literature, and no literature outside the Tao" ("序徐教授文集").

13. 在爱情和婚姻当中，我们也能够看到自卑与补偿的现象。比如，你可能会喜欢一个你想要成为的人。他的技能、特质和天赋，能够间接满足你对优越感的追求。

13. In love and marriage, we can also see the phenomenon of inferiority and compensation. For example, you may like a person you want to become. His skills, traits, and talents can indirectly satisfy your pursuit of superiority.

14. 除了身体和心理上的异常，阿德勒认为，拖延症也是在回避问题。对我们一直想做、又不敢去做的那件事情，有时候我们会往前迈出极小的一步，来安慰自己，“你看，我确实在行动”。但刚迈出一小步，又退回到自己的舒适区。这种犹豫不决，也是自卑感的表现。

14. Besides physical and psychological abnormalities, Adler believed that procrastination is also a way of avoiding problems. Sometimes, for those things we have always wanted to do but dared not, we take a tiny step forward to comfort ourselves, "See, I am indeed taking action." But after taking just a small step, we retreat back to our comfort zone. This hesitation is also a manifestation of inferiority complex.

15. 阿德勒指出，配偶的选择和童年经历也有关系。如果男孩子和母亲相处得不好，或是女孩子和父亲关系不和，他们会寻求和父母正好相反的类型。如果父亲脾气暴躁，女儿可能会找一个性格温和的男人当老公。

15. Adler points out that the choice of a spouse is also related to childhood experiences. If a boy has a poor relationship with his mother, or a girl has a strained relationship with her father, they may seek out a type of parent that is the exact opposite. For instance, if the father is temperamental, the daughter might look for a gentle man as a husband.

16. 而“识心”、“明心”的方法则为不断克除“人伪”，做到“存心”。克除“人伪”之法又在于学，学的内容就是记录圣人之心的六经。

16. The methods of "knowing the mind" and "illuminating the mind" consist in continuously eliminating "human hypocrisy" and achieving "keeping a pure heart." The way to eliminate "human hypocrisy" lies in learning, and the content of the learning is the Six Classics that record the hearts of the sages.

17. 诸葛亮活用春秋典故，帮助刘琦化险为夷，转危为安，就是善于读书之效。

17. Zhuge Liang skillfully utilized allusions from the Spring and Autumn Annals to help Liu Qi turn danger into safety, and to turn crisis into stability, which is the effect of being good at reading.

18. 如果说社会是一张巨大而无形的渔网，我们应该尽力把自己编织到这个网络当中。找到自己的位置，把自己变成一个有用的节点，连接起他人，同时让这个渔网更加牢固。所以说，在自卑与超越的路上，合作是一条必经之路。

18. If we say that society is a vast and invisible fishing net, we should strive to weave ourselves into this network. Find our own position, become a useful node, connect with others, and at the same time, make this fishing net stronger. Therefore, on the path of self-doubt and transcendence, cooperation is an indispensable way.

19. 《读送东阳马生序有感》500字 这几天，我们学习了送东阳马生序这篇文言文，作者宋濂的一举一动引起了我的注意。

19. "Impressions of Reading and Sending off Ma Sheng's Ode to Dongyang" - 500 words. These days, we have studied the classical Chinese text "Ma Sheng's Ode to Dongyang." Every action of the author, Song Lian, has caught my attention.

20. 答案是他想了解你这个人，包括你对生活意义的理解，你的生活目标是什么，哪些事情能给你带来优越感，你追求这种优越感的方式、途径是什么。他认为这些问题，尤其是你观察、感受和思考生活的方式，是理解一个人的核心。

20. The answer is that he wants to understand you as a person, including your understanding of the meaning of life, what your life goals are, what things bring you a sense of superiority, and the ways and means you pursue this sense of superiority. He believes that these questions, especially the way you observe, feel, and think about life, are the core to understanding a person.

21. 他以继承儒家封建道统为己任，为文主张“宗经”“师古”，取法唐宋，著作甚丰。他的著作以传记小品和记叙性散文为代表，散文或质朴简洁，或雍容典雅，各有特色。

21. He took it upon himself to inherit the Confucian feudal tradition, advocating in literature the principles of "following the classics" and "emulating the ancients," and drawing inspiration from the Tang and Song dynasties, with a prolific body of work. His writings are represented by biographical essays and narrative prose, which are either simple and concise or dignified and elegant, each with its own distinctive style.

22. 以这种理论批评古代作家，就显出非常偏狭的态度。如在《徐教授文集序》中，宋 濂公然提出孟子死后，“世不复有文”；贾谊、司马迁所得的仅是“皮肤”，韩愈、欧 阳修所得的也仅是“骨骼”，只有到了宋代几位大儒，才“得其心髓”，才算得上“

22. Criticizing ancient writers with this theory reveals a very narrow attitude. For example, in the "Preface to the Collection of Xu Professor," Song Lian openly proposed that after Mencius' death, "the world no longer had literature"; Jia Yi and Sima Qian only obtained the "skin," Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu only obtained the "skeleton," and only until several great scholars of the Song Dynasty did they "grasp the essence," which can be considered "real" literature.

23. 一个人的人格，总结起来包括四个方面，分别是世界观，伦理观，理想自我和自我评价。自卑的产生就和后两个概念“理想自我”和“自我评价”有关。简单来说，“理想自我”越高，“自我评价”越低，自卑感就越强。

23. The personality of an individual can be summarized in four aspects, namely, world view, ethical view, ideal self, and self-evaluation. The generation of inferiority is related to the latter two concepts, "ideal self" and "self-evaluation." Simply put, the higher the "ideal self," the lower the "self-evaluation," and the stronger the sense of inferiority.

24. 有明一代，开私家藏书风气者，首推宋濂。 宋濂有史才，曾主持编纂《元史》210卷，王祎将其与司马迁相比 ，四方学者称其为太史公。

24. During the Ming Dynasty, Song Lian was the first to initiate the风气 of private book collecting. Song Lian possessed historical talent and once presided over the compilation of the "History of the Yuan Dynasty," consisting of 210 volumes. Wang Yi compared him to Sima Qian, and scholars from all over the country hailed him as the Great Historian.

25. 八岁时，父命牧牛陇上，窃入学舍，听诸生诵书。

25. At the age of eight, his father ordered him to tend cows on the ridges, but he secretly entered the study hall to listen to the students recite their books.

26. 有些人，忙于争名夺利，追求事业和梦想。殊不知，健康才是一切的奠基。没有健康的支撑，一切都无从谈起。

26. Some people are busy vying for fame and fortune, pursuing careers and dreams. Little do they know that health is the foundation of everything. Without health as the support, everything is talk without substance.

27. 但历史已经获得的进展，即使用强力去 扭转，也还是有困难。所以，就是在宋濂身上，也还是存在两面性。

27. But the progress that history has already achieved still poses difficulties, even when attempting to reverse it by force. Therefore, even in the case of Song Lian, there still exists a duality.

28. 这也说出了阿德勒心理学的一个基本假设，“决定我们自身的不是过去的经历，而是我们自己赋予经历的意义。”怎么解读自己的经历，是你自己的课题和权力，就看你有没有这个勇气去使用这个权力。

28. This also expresses a fundamental assumption of Adlerian psychology, "What determines us is not our past experiences, but the meaning we ourselves assign to them." How to interpret your own experiences is your own subject and right, and it depends on whether you have the courage to exercise this power.

29. 第三，对孩子成绩以结果为导向，不能正确看待孩子的成绩。不少家长过于看重自己孩子的成绩，成绩好就高兴，成绩不好就打骂，完全忽视了孩子的努力过程。

29. Thirdly, focusing on results when evaluating a child's academic performance and not properly viewing the child's achievements. Many parents attach too much importance to their children's grades, feeling joy when the grades are good and resorting to beating and scolding when they are not, completely ignoring the child's effort and progress.

30. 宋濂如是说。 宋濂的一生，是学习的一生，是不断追求着真理与智慧的一生。

30. Song Lian said so. The life of Song Lian was a life of learning, a life that continuously pursued truth and wisdom.

31. 到了宋濂成年的时候，他更是为了拜师请教远赴千里，俯身倾耳而请，一请不得，还要二请、三请，直到老师解答，自己把问题弄懂为止。 这种韧性，这种坚持，比较之下令我惭愧不止，同时也暗自敬佩。

31. When Song Lian reached the age of maturity, he went thousands of miles to seek a teacher and ask for guidance, bending down to listen attentively. If he couldn't get an answer in one request, he would make a second or even a third request until the teacher provided an explanation and he understood the problem. This tenacity and perseverance, when compared, make me feel ashamed, but also secretly admire him.

32. 古人说：“流水不腐，户枢不蠹。”

32. The ancients said, "Water that flows does not rot, and a door hinge that is used does not become infested with termites."

33. 除了被过度娇惯，阿德勒还指出，有生理缺陷，或是从小被忽视的孩子，也会出现社会适应不良的情况。但是，这不是绝对的。对于不愉快的童年经历，不同的人会做出完全不同的解读。比如说，身体的残疾可能会让一个人回避困难，也可能激励另外一个人超越自我。一个被娇惯的孩子，长大后也可能在社会化的过程中，逐渐意识到，不能一直以自我为中心。

33. Besides being overly pampered, Adler also points out that children with physical defects or those who were neglected from a young age may also experience difficulties in social adaptation. However, this is not absolute. Different people may have completely different interpretations of unpleasant childhood experiences. For instance, a physical disability may cause one person to avoid difficulties, while it may inspire another person to transcend themselves. A child who was pampered may also gradually realize, as they grow up, that they cannot always be self-centered during the process of socialization.

34. 好，以上就是本书的第一个要点，来做个小结。说到自卑产生的原因，就不得不说到一个人的人格。人格是一个人和周围的社会环境共同塑造的结果。每个人独特的人格，决定了他感到自卑的点是千差万别的，应对方式也各不相同。

34. Well, that's the first key point of this book. Let's summarize it. When talking about the causes of inferiority, it is inevitable to mention a person's personality. Personality is the result of a person and their surrounding social environment working together. Each person's unique personality determines that the points at which they feel inferior are vastly different, and the coping methods are also varied.

35. 所以说，每个人感到自卑的“点”各不相同。无论是企业高管、明星大腕还是奥运冠军，他们只是在一个方面有所成就，但是在其它方面，也有可能感到自卑。因为人们总是想隐藏自己的弱点、缺陷和感到心虚的地方，所以，自卑感是一种很隐秘的感觉，只有你自己知道，真正让你感到自卑的“点”是什么。假设你的“理想自我”是做一个博学的人，做一个富有且成功的人，做一个对家庭负责任的人，如果没有做到，自卑感就会产生。

35. Therefore, everyone has a different "point" at which they feel inferior. Whether it's a corporate executive, a celebrity, or an Olympic champion, they have achieved success in one aspect, but in other aspects, they may also feel inferior. Because people always want to hide their weaknesses, flaws, and areas of self-doubt, so, a sense of inferiority is a very hidden feeling, only you know what truly makes you feel inferior. Suppose your "ideal self" is to be a learned person, to be wealthy and successful, and to be responsible to your family. If you haven't achieved this, feelings of inferiority may arise.

36. 奉旨修《元史》，后因涉案被请四川茂州，途中病故，正德时追谥文宪。宋濂推崇宗经。

36. Ordered to compile the "History of Yuan," he was later invited to the Maozhou in Sichuan due to involvement in a case and passed away during the journey. He was posthumously titled as "Wenxian" during the Zhengde era. Song Lian highly esteemed the study of classics.

37. 冕小儿，恬若不见。 又如《鹿皮子墓志铭》详细介绍陈樵“屏去传注，独取遗经”而自成一家的思想成 就，《竹溪逸民传》写出一个出世高士的形象，由于作者对不同的人物个性能取一种同 情的态度，都写得较出色。

37. The crown child, calm as if unseen. Just as in the "Epitaph of the Deer Skin Tomb," the detailed introduction of Chen Qiao's thought achievement of "rejecting traditional annotations, choosing the lost classics alone, and forming his own school of thought," and the "Biography of the Recluse in Zhusi," which portrays the image of an ascetic who has stepped out of the world, due to the author's sympathetic attitude towards different characters, all of these are written in a more outstanding manner.

38. 先问你两个问题：第一个问题，你有没有因为你的身高、长相、家庭出身或者学历背景感到自卑过？第二个问题，在你的生活中，有没有什么事情是你一直想做，但又不敢去做的？比如，向暗恋的人表白，换一份理想的工作，或是出国留学，这些事你可能想过很多次，但就是没有勇气迈出那一步。你害怕失败，担心被拒绝，或是顾虑别人的看法，这种犹豫不决也是自卑的表现。

38. Let me ask you two questions first: The first question is, have you ever felt inferior because of your height, appearance, family background, or educational background? The second question is, are there things in your life that you have always wanted to do but haven't dared to? For example, confessing your feelings to someone you have a crush on, changing to a dream job, or going abroad for study. These things may have crossed your mind many times, but you just haven't had the courage to take that step. You are afraid of failure, worry about being rejected, or are concerned about what others might think. This hesitation is also a manifestation of inferiority.

39. 读书万卷，博学多才，才能点亮智慧，攻坚克难，成就一番事业。

39. To read ten thousand books, to be learned and versatile, is the way to illuminate wisdom, overcome difficulties, and achieve great undertakings.

40. 后因长孙宋慎牵连胡惟庸党案，全家流放茂州（现在四川省茂汶羌族自治县），途中病死于夔州（现在重庆奉节县）。 在我国古代文学史上，宋濂与刘基、高启并列为明初诗文三大家。

40. Later, due to his grandson Song Shen being implicated in the case of Hu Weiyong's party, the whole family was exiled to Maozhou (now Maoxian Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province), and he died of illness en route in Kuizhou (now Fengjie County, Chongqing). In the history of ancient Chinese literature, Song Lian is listed together with Liu Ji and Gao Qi as the three great poets of the early Ming Dynasty.

41. 理想自我是指“我应该成为什么样的人”，自我评价是指“我现在是什么样的人”。当自我评价低于理想自我的时候，自卑感就会产生。

41. The ideal self refers to "the kind of person I should become," while self-evaluation refers to "the kind of person I am now." When self-evaluation falls below the ideal self, a sense of inferiority will arise.

42. 吕蒙不好读书，有勇无谋。在孙权的劝导下，开始学习战术兵法。

42. Lu Meng was not good at reading, being brave but lacking in strategy. Under the persuasion of Sun Quan, he began to study military tactics and strategy.

43. 对我们很多人来说，从3、4岁开始，第一次上幼儿园，走出家门，走进一个小社会，我们都有一个适应的过程，会不断校正自己的位置。但是阿德勒发现，从小被过度娇惯的孩子在适应社会的过程中，会遇到比较大的困难。因为一个被宠坏的孩子，一直是家里的中心，家人总是把最好的东西给他享用。他只会索取，不懂给予；总是想着别人能为我做什么，而不是我能为别人做什么。他没有培养出社会合作的意识。

43. For many of us, starting from the age of 3 or 4, when we first attend kindergarten, step out of our homes, and enter a small society, we all go through an adaptation process, constantly adjusting our position. However, Adler found that children who have been excessively pampered from a young age encounter greater difficulties in adapting to society. Because a spoiled child has always been the center of the family, with family members always giving them the best things to enjoy. They only know how to take, not give; they always think about what others can do for me, not what I can do for others. They have not developed a sense of social cooperation.

44. 有时候，当我们遇到一个问题，没法直接解决，这时候可以采用“曲线补偿”的策略，就是说，在A点自卑，通过B点补偿。举个例子，有一部好莱坞**叫《爆裂鼓手》，讲述了一个热爱音乐的年轻人，想要成为顶尖爵士乐鼓手的故事。其中有一个情节，一家人在吃晚饭的时候，男主角的哥哥由于球打得好，被长辈们各种表扬。这时候，男主角也想得到一些认同，于是他说自己打鼓打得很好，但仍然遭到家人的嘲笑。在这之后，男主角开始疯狂地练习打鼓，把双手都磨出了血泡，最后取得了极高的造诣。这位男主角就是通过音乐上的优越感，来补偿自己在运动上的自卑感，这也是一种货真价实的补偿。

44. Sometimes, when we encounter a problem that we can't solve directly, we can adopt a "roundabout compensation" strategy, which means compensating at point B after feeling inferior at point A. For example, there is a Hollywood movie called "Whiplash" that tells the story of a young music enthusiast who wants to become a top jazz drummer. In one scene, a family is having dinner, and the protagonist's brother is praised by the elders for playing ball well. At this moment, the protagonist also wants some recognition and claims that he plays the drums very well, but he is still mocked by his family. After this, the protagonist starts to practice playing the drums疯狂地, to the point where his hands are bleeding and blisters form. In the end, he achieves a very high level of skill. This protagonist compensates for his sense of inferiority in sports through musical superiority, which is a genuine form of compensation.

45. 刘琦恍然大悟。第二天，就按诸葛亮的建议，请兵外出，戍守江夏。既躲过继母的阴谋，又掌握兵权。

45. Liu Qi suddenly understood. The next day, he followed Zhuge Liang's suggestion and sent troops out to garrison in Jiangxia. He not only avoided his stepmother's conspiracy but also gained control of the military power.

46. 这种对待生活的方式，英文翻译是 lifestyle，是阿德勒心理学的核心概念。这个概念经过80多年的发展，今天相当于“人格”这个概念。阿德勒认为，儿童在4到5岁的时候，人格已经基本养成，在成年之后得到强化，很难彻底改变。俗话说“三岁看大，七岁看老”，说的也是这个意思。

46. The way of treating life, which is translated as "lifestyle" in English, is a core concept of Adlerian psychology. This concept has evolved over more than 80 years and today is equivalent to the concept of "personality." Adler believed that by the age of 4 or 5, a child's personality is largely formed, which is then reinforced in adulthood and is difficult to change fundamentally. As the saying goes, "By three you shall know him, by seven you shall have him," which also conveys this meaning.

47. 有一个朋友，文学专业出身。秉性清高，自命不凡，视金钱如粪土。

47. There is a friend who graduated from a literature major. He is inherently noble, considers himself extraordinary, and treats money as dirt.

48. 我们每个人都有局限，有弱点，与他人合作，就是对我们自身局限的一种补偿。阿德勒认为，要想成功地应对三个人生课题，终极出路是关心他人的利益和福祉，与他人合作，为人类社会贡献价值。在这个过程中，我们的能力自然会得到提升。

48. Each of us has limitations and weaknesses, and collaborating with others is a form of compensation for our own limitations. Adler believed that the ultimate way to successfully deal with the three life tasks is to care for the interests and well-being of others, to collaborate, and to contribute value to human society. In this process, our abilities will naturally be enhanced.

49. 尽管他每天只有两顿粗茶淡饭，尽管他每天都只穿着一身破旧的衣服，尽管他饱受了风霜之苦，但他却不羡慕有钱的人，而是把更多的心思用在了学习上，最终成为了一名学识渊博的人。 这个故事感染了我，也激励了我，它同时有揭示了一个道理：无论环境多么的恶劣，只要艰苦努力勤奋坚持，就能学到知识。

49. Despite having only two meals a day of simple fare, despite wearing tattered clothes every day, and despite enduring the rigors of the weather, he did not envy the wealthy. Instead, he dedicated more of his thoughts to learning, and eventually became a learned person. This story has infected me and inspired me, as it also reveals a truth: no matter how harsh the environment, as long as one works hard and perseveres, one can acquire knowledge.

50. 道统文学观由来已久，但这里也有区别：以韩愈、欧阳修为代表的唐宋古文家，在 理论上主张“文以明道”，强调“文”的工具性，但并不轻视“文”；宋代理学家看到 他们的不彻底性，于是提出“文道合一”甚至“作文害道”的论点，以防文人在“道” 之外又受“文”的诱惑。宋濂的文学思想便是沿着理学家的极端观点。

50. The literary perspective of the Taoist tradition has a long history, but there are also distinctions here: The Tang and Song ancient prose writers represented by Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu advocated the theoretical idea of "writing to clarify the way," emphasizing the instrumental nature of "writing," but not belittling "writing" itself. The Neo-Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty saw their lack of thoroughness and thus put forward the arguments of "the unity of literature and the way" or even "writing is harmful to the way" to prevent literati from being tempted by "writing" apart from "the way." Song Lian's literary thought follows the extreme views of the Neo-Confucian scholars.

51. 清代吏部尚书姚文田说：“天下数百年旧家，无非积德；世间第一等好事，还是读书。”

51. Yao Wendi, the Minister of Personnel during the Qing Dynasty, said: "Among the families that have been around for several hundred years, it is all about accumulating virtue; the best thing in the world is still to study and read."

52. 宋濂在元末与杨维桢交谊甚笃，明初杨氏去世后，他为之作墓志铭，对杨的文学才 能和成就推崇备至，甚至以相当宽容的语气描绘其晚年“旷达”和“玩世”的生活情态， 这和他的严厉的理论颇不谐调。他另外还有一些散文，对生活实际比较尊重，因而在宣 扬某种道德观念的同时，比较接近真实的人性。

52. Song Lian had a close friendship with Yang Weizhen at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. After the death of the Yang family in the early Ming Dynasty, he wrote a gravestone inscription for him, praising Yang's literary talent and achievements to the highest degree. He even described Yang's "broadmindedness" and "playfulness" in his later years in a rather tolerant tone, which was quite inconsistent with his severe theories. He also had some other prose works that showed more respect for the actuality of life, thus being closer to the true nature of human beings while propagating certain moral concepts.

53. 《送东阳马生序》是宋濂写给后辈马生的劝学之文。文中描述了作者宋濂青年时代求学的困难和刻苦学习的经历，分为幼时嗜学和加冠求学两个阶段。

53. "The Letter to Ma Sheng of Dongyang" is a motivational essay written by Song Lian for his younger disciple Ma Sheng. The text describes the difficulties and arduous efforts of the author, Song Lian, in pursuing studies during his youth, and is divided into two stages: the stage of early love for learning and the stage of seeking knowledge after reaching the age of majority.

54. 这实在是现代教育的悲哀啊！学习必勤且艰，尊师重道，才能让自己在学习生涯中获有所闻。 勤，是奠定成功的基石，是通往胜利的桥梁。

54. This truly is a tragedy of modern education! Only through diligence and perseverance in learning, and respecting teachers and principles, can one expect to gain knowledge throughout their academic journey. Diligence is the cornerstone of success and the bridge to victory.

55. 比如一个人的理想是将来娶个好老婆，儿女双全，一旦实现了，他会觉得我做到了，在婚姻这个问题上，他不太会自卑，反而很自信。

55. For example, if someone's ideal is to marry a good wife and have both sons and daughters in the future, once this is achieved, they would feel that they have succeeded, and in terms of marriage, they would not feel inferior, but rather very confident.

56. 其学说为元代开始的朱陆合流到明中期王学出现之间思想嬗变的环节之一。 一代文宗宋濂与刘基均以散文创作闻名，并称为“一代之宗”。

56. His theory is one of the links in the intellectual evolution from the Zhu-Lu synthesis that began during the Yuan Dynasty to the emergence of the Wangxue in the middle period of the Ming Dynasty. The literary genius Song Lian and Liu Ji are both renowned for their prose creation and are collectively referred to as the "forefather of a generation."

57. 明初朱元璋称帝，宋濂就任江南儒学提举，为太子讲经。洪武二年（

57. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself emperor, and Song Lian was appointed as the Director of the Confucian Academy in Jiangnan, where he taught classics to the crown prince. In the second year of the Hongwu era (…).

58. 在获得医学博士学位之后，阿德勒当过眼科和内科医生，后来重心转移到了精神病学，成了一名心理学家。阿德勒是在1937年，67岁的时候去世的。这本《自卑与超越》是在他62岁时出版的，是他思想成熟时期的代表作。

58. After obtaining his medical doctorate, Adler served as an ophthalmologist and internist, and later shifted his focus to psychiatry, becoming a psychologist. Adler passed away in 1937 at the age of 67. This book, "The Will to Power," was published when he was 62 years old and is a representative work from the mature period of his thought.

59. 现在的学生，整天都抱怨作业多，学习苦，可现在的学习条件较于古代是多么优越啊！但现在的学生不仅不懂得珍惜，而且荒废学业，走入歧途。有的学生还辱骂老师，与老师较劲，根本不知尊师重道为何物。

59. Today's students constantly complain about the heavy workload and the hardships of studying, but compared to ancient times, the learning conditions now are so much more优越. However, instead of appreciating it, many students waste their education and go astray. Some students even abuse teachers and challenge them, with no understanding of what respect for teachers and moral values entail.

60. 钱，不是铜臭味，而是一个人的脊梁骨。一个人没有钱，就是被抽取脊梁骨的软体动物。直不起腰，露不出脸，在人群里黯淡无光，自惭形秽。

60. Money, not the stench of copper, is the backbone of a person. Without money, a person is akin to a soft-bodied creature with its backbone removed. They cannot stand up straight, cannot show their face, and in a crowd, they are dim and lackluster, feeling ashamed of themselves.

61. 曾受业于浙东大儒吴 莱、柳贯、黄潽。元末隐居于乡里，一度信奉道教。

61. Once studied under the great scholars of Zhejiang East, Wu Lai, Liu Guan, and Huang Pu. In the late Yuan Dynasty, he retreated to his hometown and once followed Taoism.

62. 他的文名远播国外，洪武（1368年—1398年）年间，高丽、日本、安南等国使节曾出双倍价收购宋濂文集。 个人作品宋濂著作有《孝经新说》、《周礼集说》、《诸子辩》、《龙门子凝道记》二十四篇、《潜溪内外集》三十卷、《銮坡集》二十五卷、《萝山吟稿》二卷、《浦阳人物记》二卷、《翰苑集》四十卷、《芝园集》四十五卷、《洪武圣政记》二卷、《朝京稿》五卷 等。

62. His literary fame spread far beyond the country, during the Hongwu period (1368-1398), envoys from countries such as Goryeo, Japan, and Annam had purchased his collection of essays at double the price. Song Lian's personal works include "New Interpretation of the Book of Filial Piety," "Commentaries on the Rites of Zhou," "Controversies among the Philosophers," "Record of Lóngmén Zǐ Níngdào," 24 essays, "Collected Works of Qiánxī Wài Nèi," 30 volumes, "Lánpō Collected Works," 25 volumes, "Lóushān Poems," 2 volumes, "Records of Characters in Púyáng," 2 volumes, "Collection from the Scholar Garden," 40 volumes, "Zhīyuán Collected Works," 45 volumes, "Record of the Holy Policies of the Hongwu Emperor," 2 volumes, "Submissions to the Capital," 5 volumes, and so on.

63. 对我而言，学习的过程有乐，学会了有乐，理解了有乐，懂得了有乐。当你可以自如地运用时，那更是一件乐事。

63. To me, the process of learning is enjoyable, so is the acquisition of knowledge, the understanding of it, and the mastery of it. It is even more delightful when you can apply it freely.