在古老的哲学森林中，有一片神秘而深邃的领域，名为“探索生死哲学”。这里，超越生死的界限，不羁的灵魂在宇宙的边缘徘徊，探寻着那不被命运束缚的神秘精神。

In the ancient philosophical forest, there is a mysterious and profound domain known as the "Philosophy of Life and Death Exploration." Here, souls unbound by the limits of life and death wander at the edge of the universe, seeking that mysterious spiritual essence that is not bound by fate.

1. 棺材或许比坟墓更适合“永恒的家”这个称呼，许多棺材都制作考究，工艺精良，它们成为世界各地的人们都喜爱的收藏品。这些棺材是人们了解埃及艺术的主要渠道。古王国时代，棺材的造型只是简单的长方形，此前，棺材是正方形的，死者的胳膊和腿只有弯曲着才能放进去。中王国时代发明了著名的人形棺。到新王国，人形棺的样式固定了下来。拉美西斯统治的时代，到处可以看见一组组这样的棺材。但是，坚固精美的石棺一直都是国王和少数权贵的专有品。装饰棺材的潮流风靡了几个世纪，经久不衰，棺材上的人像有时全都贴上金箔，有时还穿着日常的衣服。大部分的装饰画都有落款，充斥着神秘的咒语、神像，冥府的景象和日常生活的片段。对于死者而言，装饰着神秘话语和图案的棺材是抵抗邪恶力量的保护伞。

1. The coffin may be more suitable for the title of "eternal home" than the tomb, as many coffins are meticulously crafted and finely made, making them popular collectibles worldwide. These coffins are the main channels through which people understand Egyptian art. During the Old Kingdom, the shape of coffins was simply rectangular, whereas before that, they were square, with the deceased's arms and legs only fitting in when bent. In the Middle Kingdom, the famous anthropoid coffins were invented. By the New Kingdom, the style of anthropoid coffins had been standardized. During the reign of Ramesses, groups of such coffins could be seen everywhere. However, sturdy and exquisite stone coffins were always the exclusive property of kings and a few nobles. The trend of decorating coffins has been popular for centuries and has never faded. Sometimes, the figures on the coffins are all covered with gold leaf, and sometimes they are dressed in everyday clothes. Most of the decorative paintings are signed, filled with mysterious incantations, divine images, scenes of the underworld, and snippets of everyday life. For the deceased, coffins adorned with mysterious words and patterns served as an umbrella of protection against evil forces.

2. 这些基本问题包括：生命有何意义（正因为生命有一天会结束，我们才更要问这个问题）？死亡意识如何影响我们生活的方式？如果我们真能永生，生命的意义会迥然不同吗？一两千年后，人类是否会深陷存在性无聊（existential boredom）而不可自拔，希望结束这一切存在呢？

2. These fundamental questions include: What is the meaning of life (since life will eventually end, we should ask this question even more)? How does the consciousness of death affect the way we live our lives? If we were truly to be immortal, would the meaning of life be entirely different? In a thousand or two thousand years, will humans be deeply trapped in existential boredom and unable to escape, hoping to end all existence?

3. “去死吧！你这个异教徒人渣！”我一把将他推下桥去。

3. "Die, you heathen scum!" I pushed him off the bridge with one hand.

4. 在中国近现代改革丧葬礼仪的过程中，又出现了另一种“科学主义”的论调，总有一些人固执地认为丧、殡、葬、祭耗费钱财、人力、土地资源，所以要尽量压缩以至于无。科学主义还宣称：“丧”、“殡”、“葬”“祭”过程中的一些悼念活动皆是迷信，是一种无价值的纯粹浪费，要尽快消灭，如此想法是非常错误的。

4. In the process of China's modern and contemporary reform of funeral rituals, another "scientism" argument has emerged. Some people stubbornly believe that funerals, burials, tombstones, and memorials consume money, manpower, and land resources, so they should be compressed to the minimum extent possible. Scientism also claims that some mourning activities during the "funeral," "burial," "tombstone," and "memorial" processes are superstitious, valueless, and a pure waste, which should be eliminated as soon as possible. Such thinking is very wrong.

5. 《经济全球化进程中儒家人文精神的当代价值》，《江西社会科学》2004年（

5. "The Contemporary Value of Confucian Humanistic Spirit in the Process of Economic Globalization," Journal of Jiangxi Social Sciences, 2004.

6. 《从GDP到GNH——伦理学视野下人类发展考量的跃升》（第二作者），《华东理工大学学报》（社会科学版）2008（

6. "The Leap from GDP to GNH: An Ethical Perspective on the Assessment of Human Development" (Second Author), Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 2008 (volume number missing)

7. 男士颇感困惑，说：“就这四个字？你肯定还想说点别的什么吧，毕竟你们在一起生活了50年，有了满堂儿孙。况且，如果你担心费用的话，我可以告诉你，前八个字免费。”

7. The man felt puzzled and said, "Is that all? I'm sure you want to say something else, after all, you have lived together for 50 years and have a whole generation of grandchildren. Moreover, if you are worried about the cost, I can tell you that the first eight characters are free."

8. 不好意思，能不能耽误你一点时间？我们在做一个调查，想问你几个问题。只需要一分钟，我们甚至不会问你的名字，可以吗？我们要问的问题是：

8. Excuse me, would you mind sparing a little of your time? We are conducting a survey and would like to ask you a few questions. It shouldn't take more than a minute, and we won't even ask for your name, is that okay? The questions we would like to ask are:

9. 亚瑟·叔本华，《Philosophical Writing》中的“On Death and Its Relationship to the Indestructibility of Our Inner Nature”（伦敦：Continuum，

9. Arthur Schopenhauer, "On Death and Its Relationship to the Indestructibility of Our Inner Nature" in "Philosophical Writing" (London: Continuum,

10. “天啊！”克莱德说，“天堂实在是妙极了！”

10. "Oh my goodness!" Clyde said, "Heaven is just wonderful!"

11. “我也是。上帝浸礼会1879年的改革派还是1915年的改革派？”

11. "Me too. Were they the Reformists of the Godly Baptists in 1879 or the Reformists in 1915?"

12. 米莉陪丈夫莫里斯去看医生。给莫里斯做完全面体检后，医生把米莉单独叫进自己的办公室。他说：“莫里斯因为巨大的压力而患上了严重的疾病，如果你不照我下面说的去做，那他就会死。早上，你要温柔地把他吻醒，给他做一顿健康的早餐。永远都要温柔体贴，让他保持良好的情绪。只给他做他最爱吃的菜，让他吃完饭好好放松。不要让他做任何家务，也不要跟他谈论你的问题，那样只会增加他的压力。就算他批评或者嘲笑你，也不要跟他争吵。晚上，要给他做按摩，让他放松下来。鼓励他看电视上能看到的体育节目，即使你会错过最爱的节目也要这么做。最重要的是，每天晚饭后，尽一切努力满足他的各种突发奇想。如果接下来的六个月你能每天都坚持这么做，他就会完全康复。”

12. Mili accompanied her husband Morris to the doctor. After Morris completed a comprehensive physical examination, the doctor called Mili into his office alone. He said, "Morris has fallen seriously ill due to immense stress, and if you do not follow the steps I am about to give you, he will die. In the morning, you should gently wake him up with a kiss and prepare a healthy breakfast for him. Always be gentle and considerate, keeping him in good spirits. Only prepare the dishes he loves the most, so he can relax well after eating. Do not let him do any household chores and do not talk to him about your problems, as this will only add to his stress. Even if he criticizes or mocks you, do not argue with him. In the evening, give him a massage to relax. Encourage him to watch sports programs on TV, even if it means missing your favorite shows. Most importantly, after dinner every day, try your best to satisfy his sudden whims. If you can stick to this every day for the next six months, he will completely recover."

13. 天堂是时空中的存在吗？如果不是，它又在哪？什么时候出现？进入天堂的可能性会有多大？

13. Is heaven an existence within space and time? If not, where is it? When did it appear? How likely is it to enter heaven?

14. 一个发生在尼罗河边的4000多年前的故事或许能给读者一个启示。故事的主人公是孟斐斯地区一个祭司的妻子，在丈夫死后，她与久病不愈的女仆住在一起。因为没有帮手，她独自支撑起家庭生活，因此痛苦不堪。于是，她想到了丈夫。和大多数埃及人一样，她认为死亡并不会妨碍丈夫帮她渡过难关。她在一个粗糙的红色陶碗上给丈夫写了一封抱怨信：“你想要咱家冷冷清清吗？你再不帮忙，这个家就完了！难道你不知道那个雇工在这样一个男人世界里极力帮助咱家吗？……”她认为自己的女仆是受到了恶神的诅咒才生病的，这只有死去的丈夫才能帮忙，因此她接着写道：“你能为她驱邪吗？把害她的神灵驱走吧，这样我们的孩子才会有活路！……为她驱邪吧，现在就做！”信写完后，她在碗里盛满食物，放置在丈夫墓前。她相信，丈夫能看见这封信，并按照她的要求去做。

14. A story that occurred by the Nile River over 4,000 years ago might offer a revelation to the reader. The protagonist of the story is the wife of a priest from the region of Memphis. After her husband's death, she lived together with a long-suffering maid who had not recovered from her illness. Without any assistance, she had to bear the burden of family life alone, which was incredibly painful. Therefore, she thought of her husband. Like most Egyptians, she believed that death would not prevent her husband from helping her through the difficult times. She wrote a letter of complaint to her husband on a rough red earthenware bowl: "Do you want our home to be desolate? If you don't help soon, this home will be over! Don't you know that the hired worker is trying his best to help us in this man's world?" She believed that her maid had been cursed by an evil deity, which could only be helped by her deceased husband, so she continued to write: "Can you expel the evil for her? Drive away the gods that are harming her, so that our children will have a chance to live!... Expel the evil for her, do it now!" After writing the letter, she filled the bowl with food and placed it in front of her husband's tomb. She believed that her husband could see the letter and do as she requested.

15. “好吧。”莉娜说，“那就写上‘奥利已死，有船出售’。”

15. "Alright," Lena said, "then write 'Oli is dead, boat for sale'."

16. 按照贝克尔的说法，大多数人应对这种情况的唯一方式就是使用幻觉，确切地说是终极幻觉（Big Delusion）。它是最基本的人类欲望——贝克尔认为它比性欲还要基本，而且它会催生“永生系统”，这种非理性的信仰结构让我们相信自己可以永远存在。有种做法一直都很流行，那就是把自己跟某种能够永存的部落、种族或者国家联系起来，成为它们的一部分，随之进入无尽的未来。还有通过艺术永生的方法，艺术家预见到自己的作品会流传百世，自己也因此不朽——走上伟大艺术家的神坛，或者最起码，随着孙辈的阁楼里某张日落风景画底部的签名而永生。

16. According to Becker, the only way for most people to deal with this situation is to use illusion, specifically the ultimate illusion (Big Delusion). It is the most fundamental human desire – Becker believes it is more fundamental than sexual desire, and it gives rise to the "eternal life system," a irrational belief structure that makes us believe we can exist forever. There has always been a popular approach, which is to associate oneself with some tribe, race, or nation that can exist forever, to become a part of them, and thereby enter an endless future. There is also the method of achieving immortality through art, where artists foresee that their works will be passed down for centuries, and thus they become immortal – ascending to the pedestal of great artists, or at the very least, living on through the signature at the bottom of a sunset landscape painting in their grandchild's attic.

17. 正是这种相信死后灵魂仍在，相信永生的观念，使古埃及的阴阳之界显得模糊，并充满了人性的温情。这正是他们为保存死者肉体而殚精竭虑的一个原因。一次考古发现再次强化了人们这样的观点：在一对不知名夫妇的墓中，人们发现了一组他们夫妻在闲聊的模型。他们的周围放满了珠宝、衣服、食物、化妆品、玩具等来世可能需要的东西。这完美地印证了他们死后生活与生前并无二致的观念。

17. It is this belief in the survival of the soul after death and the concept of eternal life that made the boundary between the masculine and feminine in ancient Egypt seem blurred and filled with a warm human touch. This was precisely one of the reasons they were so meticulous about preserving the physical bodies of the deceased. An archaeological discovery further reinforced this view: in the tomb of an unnamed couple, a set of models depicting the couple chatting was found. Around them were filled with items that might be needed in the afterlife, such as jewelry, clothing, food, cosmetics, toys, and so on. This perfectly confirms the belief that their afterlife would be no different from their life before death.

18. 有些底比斯人下葬后，可能会遇见一些人：坟墓被打开，死去的妻子追随他于地下；或者是，他遇到了一个不受欢迎的不速之客——盗墓者。如果死者生前德高望重，亲友们常常怀念他，就会到祭堂来寄一封信给他，希望死者充任判官评判他们的行为是否得当；亲友们也会在坐像前的供桌上摆上食物和美酒。诚然，没有任何人能永远留在人们的记忆中。埃及人习惯在供桌上摆上雕刻的祭品，就是防止有朝一日，当后人把祖先忘却的时候，祭桌上不至于空空如也。

18. Some Thebans, after being buried, might encounter some people: their tombs may be opened, and their deceased wife following them into the underworld; or, they might meet an unwelcome uninvited guest—the tomb robber. If the deceased was highly respected during their life and was often remembered by their relatives and friends, they would often come to the sanctuary to leave a letter for the deceased, hoping that the deceased would act as a judge to evaluate whether their actions were appropriate; relatives and friends would also place food and fine wine on the altar before the seated statue. Indeed, no one can remain in the memory of people forever. The Egyptians were accustomed to placing carved offerings on the altar to prevent the altar from being empty some day when future generations forget their ancestors.

19. 古代的埃及人普遍认为死者与生者之间依然还会保持某种联系，阴阳两界必然有互通的渠道，因此，即使死亡之后，死者依然会存在于家族之中，受到尊重。

19. The ancient Egyptians generally believed that there was still some kind of connection between the dead and the living, that there must be a channel for communication between the two realms, and therefore, even after death, the deceased would continue to exist within the family and be respected.

20. 当然了，我知道每个人都会死。法兰克·辛纳特拉挂了，诺曼·梅勒挂了。更不消说拿破仑、哈里·杜鲁门、成吉思汗，还有我妻子的婶婶埃德娜。所以有一天我也会死，这再自然不过了。对此我很确定，就像知道苹果会往下掉而不是往上飞一样。

20. Of course, I know that everyone will die. Frank Sinatra is gone, Norman Mailer is gone. Need I mention Napoleon, Harry Truman, Genghis Khan, and my wife's aunt Edna? So it's only natural that I will also die some day. I am as certain of this as I am that an apple will fall down rather than fly up.

21. 《科学发展观视野中循环经济发展的伦理问题探析》，《江西师范大学学报》，2007年（

21. "Ethical Issues in the Development of Circular Economy from the Perspective of Scientific Development Viewpoint," Journal of Jiangxi Normal University, 2007

22. 然而，永生系统会让我们行为失当。如果我们认同了某个永生系统，将终极的个人意义也赋予其中，那么势必就会跟其他系统的人产生对立。这一现象在各种宗教冲突中屡见不鲜，而且揭示出一个关键问题：不可能所有的系统都是正确的，所以别人的系统肯定是错的。

22. However, the Eternity System will lead us to behave improperly. If we identify with a certain Eternity System and also attribute ultimate personal meaning to it, it is inevitable that we will come into conflict with people from other systems. This phenomenon is frequently seen in various religious conflicts and reveals a key issue: it is impossible for all systems to be correct, so the systems of others must be wrong.

23. 我们想拒斥死亡的原因非常明显：对死亡的展望令人恐惧！它会给我们带来终极焦虑，让我们觉得不安，它让人知道，我们只会在世界上存在很短暂的时间，一旦死亡，就永远不存在了。听着时钟响亮的滴答声，我们怎能享受生活？

23. The reasons for rejecting death are very clear: the prospect of death is terrifying! It brings us ultimate anxiety, makes us feel uneasy, and makes us realize that we only have a brief time on this earth, and once death occurs, we will never exist again. Listening to the loud ticking of the clock, how can we enjoy life?

24. 与此同时，时间在流逝，我们仍然难逃一死。而最终，我们在形而上学与神学、伦理学与存在主义课程中，又回到了这些大问题。

24. Meanwhile, time is passing, and we are still unable to escape death. In the end, we return to these great questions in our metaphysics and theology, ethics and existentialism courses.

25. 我们的肉身是这个世界因缘和合的结果，我们活着的目的就是修炼自己的灵魂，提升自己的认知，精进自己的修行，提升自己的境界，但行好事，莫问前程，生死看淡，顺其自然。

25. Our physical bodies are the result of the convergence of causes and conditions in this world. The purpose of our existence is to cultivate our souls, elevate our cognition, improve our practice, and raise our level of cultivation. Do good deeds without worrying about the future, take life and death lightly, and go with the flow of nature.

26. 在现代科学的教育下，我们都不相信灵魂的存在，认为人死如灯灭，所以，对死亡更加感到恐惧。

26. Under the education of modern science, we all do not believe in the existence of the soul and consider that when people die, it's like a lamp going out, therefore, we feel more terrified of death.

27. 先把这些沉重的哲学思考丢到一旁，让我们稍事休息，来审视一下某种流行的否定死亡的方式：我们宽慰自己说，我们会在那些认识自己的人心中永生。这种策略其实是在假设我们爱的人对我们保有情感，但这种情感不一定存在。

27. Put aside these heavy philosophical contemplations for a moment and let's take a break to examine a popular way of negating death: We comfort ourselves by saying that we will live on in the hearts of those who know us. This strategy actually assumes that the people we love will retain feelings for us, but such feelings may not necessarily exist.

28. 这是件好事，因为现在正是时侯，我们两人最近都刚满70岁，我们完全可以直面死亡并探索伟大思想家对于死亡的理解，所以我们打算尽量让心情保持愉快。我们将抽丝剥茧，揭开重重迷雾，不仅直面死亡，而且要探寻前世来生。我们想要寻找一些线索。

28. This is a good thing, for now is the right time, as both of us have just turned 70 recently, and we can fully confront death and explore the understanding of death by great thinkers. Therefore, we intend to keep our spirits as cheerful as possible. We will unravel the mysteries layer by layer, not only confront death directly but also seek to explore past lives and future rebirths. We want to find some clues.

29. 我们猜测，在内心深处，你并不相信自己会死。原因就是，你是一个文明人。你不必为此感到羞愧——至少现在不必。我们人类就是没办法接受这个明显的事实，所以我们每时每刻都在否认我们必将死亡。事实上，借助社会结构及习俗，无论身处何种文明社会，我们都能轻松地面对这件事。

29. We guess that deep down, you don't believe in your own mortality. The reason is that you are a civilized person. You don't need to feel ashamed of it - at least not now. It's just that humans can't seem to accept this obvious fact, so we deny our inevitable death every moment of our lives. In fact, with the help of social structures and customs, we can easily confront this matter regardless of the civilization we are part of.

30. 主持校际“五个一工程” 2004年课题《“三个代表”重要思想研究——用先进文化引领高校非主流文化阵地》。

30.主持Inter-school "Five Ones Project" 2004 topic "Research on the Important Thought of the 'Three Represents' – Leading Non-mainstream Cultural Fronts in Colleges and Universities with Advanced Culture."

31. 遗留下来的最漂亮的坟墓大多是那些贵族的墓地，而普通人的坟墓却十分简朴——有时，只简单地在沙漠地表挖一个长方形的坑，死者草席裹身或者直接下葬，所有的随葬品就是几块瓷器和一些避邪物。

31. The most beautiful tombs left behind are mostly those of the nobility, while the tombs of the common people are quite simple—sometimes, merely a rectangular pit is dug on the desert surface, with the deceased wrapped in reeds or buried directly, and the only grave goods are a few porcelain pieces and some protective amulets.

32. 古埃及的坟墓有两个部分，与它的两个功能相对应：墓室部分深挖至地下，靠一个通风井进入，用来埋葬死者和他的随葬品；上层祭殿部分是活人与死人相会的地方，祭司和死者家人在这个公共场所举行祭奠仪式，或者简单地在此聚一聚。他们很害怕有不诚实的侵入者光顾或者亵渎坟墓，因此坟墓中总是表达着这样的恐惧并威胁在阴间要施以报复：“谁要是弄坏了我坟墓中的一石一砖，我定要像拎一只鸟儿一样抓住他的脖子，让他感到极其恐惧，而且我要让这件事人鬼皆知”；“喂，你们踏进坟墓的世人，如果想让国王赏赐你们，如果想在神的面前成为‘伊马库’（光荣的人），那么，不要不干不净地进入我的坟墓。看了这些话，谁要是还不干不净地进入，我将让神给予审判，我将……砸死他在世的家人，砸碎他的家”。

32. The tombs of ancient Egypt have two parts, corresponding to their two functions: the burial chamber is deeply excavated underground, accessible through a ventilation shaft, used for burying the deceased and their burial goods; the upper temple section is a place where the living meet the dead, where priests and the deceased's family members hold祭祀 ceremonies in this public place, or simply gather together. They were very afraid of dishonest intruders visiting or desecrating the tombs, so the tombs always express this fear and threaten with revenge in the afterlife: "Whoever breaks even a single stone or brick of my tomb, I will grab his neck like I would a bird, making him feel extreme fear, and I will make this known to both humans and spirits"; "Hey, you people who step into the tomb, if you want the king to bestow upon you, if you want to become 'Imakhu' (honorable person) before the gods, then do not enter my tomb unclean. After seeing these words, if anyone still enters unclean, I will let the gods judge, and I will... kill his family members in the world, smash his home."

33. 《伦理学百科全书》、《西方伦理学家辞典》、《中国妇女理论研究十年》、《解读生死》、《马克思主义哲学经典著作解读》、《马克思主义哲学原理》、《马克思主义基本原理专题研究》、《马克思主义基本原理学科建设和课程改革论文集》、《第17届中韩国际学术研讨会论文集》、《全球化与马克思主义》等学术著作。

33. Academic works such as the "Encyclopedia of Ethics," the "Dictionary of Western Ethicists," the "Ten Years of Women's Theory Research in China," "Interpreting Life and Death," "Interpretation of Classic Works of Marxist Philosophy," "Principles of Marxist Philosophy," "Special Research on the Basic Principles of Marxism," "Collection of Papers on the Construction of the Discipline and Curriculum Reform of the Basic Principles of Marxism," "Collection of Papers of the 17th Sino-Korean International Academic Seminar," and "Globalization and Marxism."

34. 站在人生幸福的角度，或者排除死亡恐惧的角度，我仍然愿意相信灵魂的存在，相信这一世人生通过努力修行，可以让自己的灵魂变得更加完善和完美，即使肉身死亡，灵魂仍然承载着自己的思想和所有的美好感受。

34. From the perspective of life's happiness or from the standpoint of excluding the fear of death, I am still willing to believe in the existence of the soul. I believe that through efforts in cultivation in this life, one can make their soul more perfect and complete. Even if the physical body dies, the soul still carries one's thoughts and all the beautiful feelings.

35. 年迈的索尔·布鲁姆躺在床上奄奄一息，突然闻到楼梯上飘来他最爱的点心的香味。他使出全身力气从床上爬起来，扶着墙壁慢慢走出卧室。他双手抓着扶手，勉勉强强走下楼梯，最后气喘吁吁地靠在门框上盯着厨房。

35. Elderly Saul Bloom lay on his bed, gasping his last breath, when suddenly the scent of his favorite dessert wafted up from the stairs. With all his remaining strength, he struggled to his feet, leaning against the wall as he slowly made his way out of the bedroom. He clutched the railing, barely managing to descend the stairs, and finally, breathless, leaned against the door frame, staring at the kitchen.

36. 《超越死亡的道家生死哲学观》，《伦理学研究》2006（

36. "Daoist View on Life and Death Beyond Death: A Philosophical Perspective," Ethical Studies, 2006

37. 阿尔博姆擅长通过死亡的角度阐释生的意义。余秋雨在《相约星期二》中文版序言中感悟道：“在死亡面前真正懂得了与生活讲和，这是一个充满哲理的审美现场。”事实上，自《相约星期二》开始直至最新著作《来一点信仰》（

37. Albrecht excels at interpreting the meaning of life from the perspective of death. Yu Qianyu reflects in the preface of the Chinese edition of "A Tuesday Date" that: "In the face of death, truly understanding how to reconcile with life is a philosophical and aesthetic experience." In fact, starting from "A Tuesday Date" and up to his latest work "A Bit of Faith,"

38. 中国传统社会倡导三年之丧，后变革为一年或三个月丧期的安排，等等，不要视为完全不合理，实际上是非常人道的安排。所以，殡葬业要尊重逝者亲属哀伤心理抚慰的规律，科学及合理地安排丧葬流程，努力去适应亲属寄托哀思的精神需要。

38. Traditional Chinese society advocated a three-year mourning period, which was later changed to arrangements for one year or three months of mourning, etc. This should not be regarded as completely unreasonable; in fact, it is a very humane arrangement. Therefore, the funeral industry should respect the psychological needs of the deceased's family members for grief alleviation, scientifically and reasonably arrange the funeral process, and strive to adapt to the spiritual needs of the family members expressing their sorrow.

39. 很好，达里尔。说得很好。但打开天窗说亮话吧，我们并不关心你所认同的这些21世纪的学术观点，我们需要一般人的看法，比如就像是有时我们坐在走廊时会产生的那种念头。此刻，你真的相信人生时间有限，现在流逝的每一秒都会从你的生命配额中减去吗？你真的相信时间一旦用完，你就会彻底从这个世界消失吗？

39. Very good, Daryl. You've said that well. But let's cut to the chase, we're not interested in the academic viewpoints of the 21st century that you endorse. We need the opinions of the general public, like the thoughts that sometimes come to us when we're sitting in the corridor. Do you really believe that life is limited in time, and that every second that passes is subtracted from your life quota? Do you really believe that once your time is up, you will completely disappear from this world?

40. 我们为什么怕死？因为死亡是彻彻底底的消失，完完整整的失去。这个世界上有太多美好的东西，日升月落，鸟语花香，美食的诱惑，性爱的刺激，亲人朋友的温暖，不一而足。如果死了，什么都没有了，就连享受的载体肉身都没有了。

40. Why do we fear death? Because death is a complete and utter disappearance, a total loss. There are so many beautiful things in this world, such as the rising and setting of the sun and the moon, the songs of birds and the fragrance of flowers, the allure of delicious food, the stimulation of love, the warmth of family and friends, and so on. If we die, we lose everything, including the physical body that carries our enjoyment.

41. 可喜的是，我们碰巧知道很多笑话。事实上，我们曾经发现，笑话可以清楚地阐明一般的哲学观点，我们甚至还写了一本这样的书。那么，除了减轻我们对于死亡的恐惧之外，笑话还能向我们揭示出生与死、存在与不存在、永恒灵魂与永恒惩罚这些哲学概念吗？

41. Happily, we happen to know a lot of jokes. In fact, we have found that jokes can clearly elucidate general philosophical viewpoints, and we have even written a book of this kind. So, besides alleviating our fear of death, can jokes also reveal to us philosophical concepts such as life and death, existence and non-existence, the eternal soul and eternal punishment?

42. 埃及人在观察季节流转的过程中，获得了灵感——生命可以超越死亡。因为随着四季变化，万物凋零的萧瑟大地在春来时又会生机勃勃，鸟语花香。早王朝时代，随葬品就与死者一起入土了，可见埃及人的死亡观在此时已见雏形。就某种程度而言，这种观念很大程度上受到下面这种现象的影响：草草埋葬在沙漠边缘的穷人尸体，不容易腐坏。因为沙子吸干了身体的水分，细菌失去了滋长的条件，尸体变成了天然的木乃伊。加之，埃及的气候干旱少雨，尸体保存至今仍完好无损。这一发现恰好迎合了埃及人的信仰。他们相信，肉体的完整是死者重生必不可少的条件。这种信念激励他们发明出一套人工的方法来保存尸体。

42. Egyptians were inspired by observing the changing seasons that life can transcend death. Because with the changing of the seasons, the desolate earth, where everything withers, regains vitality and the songs of birds and the scent of flowers when spring arrives. During the Early Dynastic period, burial goods were buried with the deceased, indicating that the Egyptians' concept of death had already taken shape at that time. To some extent, this concept was greatly influenced by the phenomenon that the bodies of the poor, buried haphazardly on the edge of the desert, were not easily decomposed. Because the sand absorbs the moisture from the bodies, bacteria lose their breeding conditions, and the bodies become natural mummies. Moreover, Egypt's arid climate with little rain has preserved the bodies to this day without damage. This discovery exactly matched the Egyptians' beliefs. They believed that the completeness of the body was an indispensable condition for the rebirth of the deceased. This belief motivated them to invent artificial methods to preserve the bodies.

43. 《发展伦理关于发展三个维度的探究》，《伦理视野下的社会发展——第17次中韩伦理学国际学术研讨会论文集》安徽大学出版社2010年版，第一作者。

43. "An Inquiry into the Three Dimensions of Development Ethics," in "Social Development from an Ethical Perspective — Collection of Papers from the 17th Sino-Korean International Academic Symposium on Ethics," published by Anhui University Press, 2010, first author.

44. “他说你必死无疑 。”

44. "He said you are bound to die."

45. 我们觉得这本书需要一些实实在在的理论，所以就去探究了古希腊关于灵魂永生论的说法。但在此之前，我们必须搞清楚我们所说的灵魂是什么，灵魂跟心智（mind）有何不同，灵魂和心智跟肉体又有什么差异，这三者跟僵尸又有什么区别。

45. We feel that this book needs some substantial theories, so we have delved into the ancient Greek ideas about the immortality of the soul. However, before we do that, we must clarify what we mean by the soul, how it differs from the mind, and what distinctions there are between the soul and the mind and the body, as well as how these three differ from zombies.

46. 《和谐文化的哲学解读》，《江西社会科学》2007（

46. "Philosophical Interpretation of Harmonious Culture," Journal of Jiangxi Social Sciences, 2007

47. 《从传统伦理特征看发展伦理的必然性和可能性》，《改革与战略》2008(

47. "On the Necessity and Possibility of Development Ethics from the Perspective of Traditional Ethical Characteristics," "Reform and Strategy," 2008(

48. 在厨房的桌子上，铺着一层纸巾，上面平摊着几百块点心。如果不是胸口传来阵痛，他可能真以为身在天堂了。索尔笑了：这是爱妻索菲对他最后的爱意，她希望看到他心满意足地离开这个世界。

48. On the kitchen table, there was a layer of napkins spread out, with hundreds of pastries neatly laid on top. If it weren't for the pain in his chest, he might truly have believed he was in heaven. Sol smiled: This was the last affection from his beloved wife Sophie, hoping to see him contentedly leave this world.

49. 如果这样做，将会对整个中国社会的道德基础产生毁灭性的打击。以笔者之浅见，人是一种会死的生物，生与死是人生的两极，死亡是人之最恐惧的对象、最痛苦的结局。殡葬的一个重要功能是要承担起减轻人类这种恐惧与痛苦的任务，达到生者与逝者、人与“神”的和谐。人类之永恒的企盼是：让个我的生命永存。

49. If so, it will deal a devastating blow to the moral foundation of the entire Chinese society. In my humble opinion, humans are mortal creatures, and life and death are the two poles of life. Death is the object of the greatest fear and the most painful outcome for humans. An important function of funeral and burial is to take on the task of alleviating this fear and pain among humans, achieving harmony between the living and the deceased, and between humans and "God." The eternal aspiration of humanity is to let each individual's life endure forever.

50. 《试论东北亚儒家文化圈中企业伦理的特点》，《武汉大学学报》（哲学社会科学版）2005（

50. "On the Characteristics of Corporate Ethics in the Northeast Asia Confucian Cultural Circle," Journal of Wuhan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2005.

51. 埃及人创造了不计其数的财富供来生享用，还精心为自己筹划防腐涂香，建造“永恒的家”——坟墓。从简陋的马斯塔巴墓到气势恢弘的金字塔，埃及人按自身的负担能力，竭尽所能地为最后的归宿添砖加瓦。他们把死亡看得如此神圣严肃，以至于大多数学者都认为，对于这个民族，这是生活的乐趣和意义所在。

51. The Egyptians created countless wealth for enjoyment in the afterlife and meticulously planned防腐涂香 measures for themselves, constructing the "eternal home" — the tomb. From simple mastaba tombs to magnificent pyramids, the Egyptians, according to their own ability to bear the burden, contributed their utmost to the final resting place. They regarded death as so sacred and solemn that most scholars believe that for this nation, this is the joy and meaning of life.

52. “哇！我也是！上帝浸礼会还是主耶稣浸礼会？”

52. "Wow! Me too! Is it the God's Baptist Church or the Lord Jesus Baptist Church?"

53. “我也是！那你是上帝浸礼会的原旨派还是改革派？”

53. "Me too! So, are you the original intent of the God's Baptist or the reformist?"

54. 人生中最困难的事，莫过于因为你爱的人是魔鬼而不得不互相残杀。

54. The most difficult thing in life is to have to kill each other because the person you love is a devil.