在生命之河的波涛汹涌之间，把握此刻，我们试图揭开生死与因果的神秘面纱。

Amidst the surging waves of the river of life, seizing the moment, we attempt to unveil the mysterious veil of life and death, as well as causality.

1. 要激发学生的兴趣、热情，自觉主动地去查找材料。写成短文后，可在全班交流。

1. To inspire students' interest and enthusiasm, encourage them to actively seek out materials on their own. After writing a short essay, they can share it with the whole class.

2. 有段非常值得深思的话：

2. There is a very thought-provoking statement:

3. 人生不是由过去组成，也不是由未来组成，而是由当下的每一个瞬间组成。

3. Life is not composed of the past nor the future, but of every single moment in the present.

4. 总之，《星空》中虽然有对黑暗现实的愤恨，对未来开拓者近代劳工的期望，依然闪烁着反抗的创造的火花；但就大多数诗篇来说，失望感伤的情绪却占据着主导地位。渴望祖国新生的理想，变成了忧国忧民的悲叹；追求自由和光明的热情，变成了对缥缈的星空的探索；反抗现实的精神，变成了逃避现实独善其身的高蹈；消极的否定代替了积极的破坏和创造；悲观的色彩胜过了乐观的色彩，力的诗歌变为旧的诗歌了。在《女神》里，诗人歌颂“一切革命的匪徒”，如今却赞美遁世的伯夷叔齐。这一切，都是五四运动后的低潮在诗人身上的投影，从中可以窥见诗人心灵的历程；而《星空》所表现出的失望、彷徨和苦闷也是当时的一种较为普遍的情绪。

4. In summary, although there is resentment towards the dark reality and expectations for the modern laborers as the pioneers of the future in "The Starry Sky," it still sparkles with the flame of resistance and creation; however, for the majority of the poems, a sense of disappointment and melancholy prevails. The ideal of the rebirth of the motherland has turned into a lament for the country and its people; the passion for freedom and light has become an exploration of the ethereal starry sky; the spirit of resistance to reality has turned into an aloof escape from reality for personal betterment; negative negation has replaced positive destruction and creation; the gloomy tone has overridden the optimistic one, and the poetry of power has become old poetry. In "The Goddess," the poet praises "all revolutionary outlaws," but now he extols the reclusive Bo Yi and Shuqi. All these are reflections of the low tide after the May Fourth Movement on the poet, from which we can glimpse the journey of the poet's soul; and the disappointment, confusion, and distress depicted in "The Starry Sky" were also relatively common emotions at the time.

5. 如果你现在好吃懒做，自甘堕落，随波逐流，苟且度日，那么你未来的生活会非常辛苦，非常平庸，非常精，非常贫穷，遇到一点风险，只能听天由命。

5. If you are now indulging in gluttony and laziness, wallowing in decadence, drifting with the current, and merely muddling through, then your future life will be very hard, very ordinary, very meticulous, and very poor. When faced with any risk, you can only rely on fate.

6. (摘自《郭沫若评传》，人民文学出版社1987年版)

6. (Excerpted from "The Biography of Guo Moruo," published by People's Literature Publishing House, 1987 edition)

7. 作者由人间的街市、街灯想到天上的街市、明星以及其他种种美好的事物，这种想像是否过于夸张诗人为什么这样写

7. The author, inspired by the streets and streetlights of the mortal world, imagines the celestial streets and stars, and various other beautiful things. Is this imagination too exaggerated? Why does the poet write in this way?

8. 在郭沫若看来，无限的宇宙涵映在有限的个体生命之中：“我想诗人的心境譬如一湾清澄的海水，没有风的时候，便静止着好像一张明镜，宇宙万物的印象都涵映着在里面；一有风的时候，便要波翻浪涌起来，宇宙万汇的印象都活动着在里面。”(《三叶集》)当有限的个体生命与无限的宇宙生命建立起了密不可分的精神联系，郭沫若以新的灵感方式改变了自己视觉感应中的宇宙秩序。他已经大大偏离了古代作家的视觉常规。他不仅用眼睛眺望夜空，而且以自己的心灵感受夜空。夜空引诱着他的幽思遐想，使他以审美化的态度与无限的宇宙进行更直接的交流。在郭沫若的生命节奏中，既有“鼓舞调”，也有“沉静调”(《论节奏》)。他的《星空》诗，便是“鼓舞调”的夜空的巡礼。在他笔下，夜空是那样奇丽可惊，那样荡人心肺。他歌唱道：“美哉!美哉!/永恒不易的天球/竟有如许变换!/美哉!美哉!/我醉后一枕黑酣，/天机却永恒在转!”而《天上的街市》这首诗，则是一首“沉静调”的清朗隽美的夜歌。就在写作《天上的街市》的半个月之前，郭沫若在致郁达夫的一封信里表示自己向慕“平和洁净”的诗的世界，呈现在《天上的街市》里的，正是一幅“平和洁净”的想像世界的图画。

8. In Guo Moruo's view, the infinite universe is reflected in the finite individual life: "I think the poet's mind is like a clear, calm sea. When there is no wind, it is still as if it were a bright mirror, reflecting the impressions of all things in the universe; but when there is wind, it will surge with waves, and the impressions of all things in the universe will be active." (《Three Leaves》) When the finite individual life and the infinite cosmic life establish an indissoluble spiritual connection, Guo Moruo changes the cosmic order in his visual perception in a new way of inspiration. He has greatly deviated from the visual conventions of ancient writers. He not only gazes at the night sky with his eyes, but also feels the night sky with his own soul. The night sky lures his contemplative reverie, allowing him to have a more direct exchange with the infinite universe in an aestheticized attitude. In Guo Moruo's life rhythm, there are both "inspiring tunes" and "calm tunes" (《On Rhythm》). His poem "The Starry Sky" is a pilgrimage of the "inspiring tune" night sky. In his words, the night sky is so magnificent and astonishing, so heart-moving. He sings: "How beautiful! How beautiful! / The eternal, unchanging celestial sphere / has so many transformations! How beautiful! How beautiful! / After a night of intoxication, I sleep soundly, / but the celestial mechanism turns eternally!" And the poem "The Street in the Sky" is a clear and exquisite night song in a "calm tune." Just half a month before writing "The Street in the Sky," Guo Moruo expressed in a letter to Yu Dafu his admiration for a "peaceful and clean" world of poetry. What is presented in "The Street in the Sky" is a picture of an "peaceful and clean" imagined world.

9. 读完这两首诗就会发现，诗人的想像都是以前面的写景作为基础的，可以设想：如果只写景不想像，就不会有画龙点睛之妙；如果没有写景就直接地想像，就会显得突兀，不自然，似乎是无源之水，无本之木。只有二者相互融合，才能成为一个艺术整体，给人以艺术的美感。而且，这也符合人的认识过程，只有对所见所闻有所触动，才能有所感想并进一步产生广泛深入的联想和想像，因此写作中总是要联系自己的生活体验来激活自己的想像，才能写出非凡的、美妙的文章。

9. After reading these two poems, it becomes apparent that the poet's imagination is based on the preceding descriptive passages. It can be imagined: if one only describes scenery without imagination, the point of the painting would not be highlighted; and if one directly imagines without describing the scenery, it would seem abrupt and unnatural, as if it were water without a source or a tree without roots. Only when the two are mutually integrated can they form an artistic whole, providing aesthetic pleasure. Moreover, this also conforms to the process of human cognition. Only when one is moved by what one sees and hears can one have feelings and further generate extensive and profound associations and imagination. Therefore, in writing, one always needs to connect with one's own life experiences to activate one's imagination, in order to produce extraordinary and wonderful writings.

10. 答案不求一律，叙述最好有自己的理解和个性特点。《静夜》一诗，还可让学生就“鲛人”作合理的推想。

10. There is no single correct answer; the narrative should reflect one's own understanding and personal characteristics. Regarding the poem "Quiet Night," students can also be encouraged to make reasonable conjectures about the "mermaid."

11. 引导学生结合全文和注释来理解，如有必要，可解释《博物志》的记载：“南海水有鲛人，永居如鱼，不废织绩，其眼能泣珠。”

11. Guide students to understand the text in conjunction with the entire passage and annotations. If necessary, explain the records in "The Natural History": "In the South Sea, there are mermaids who live permanently like fish, never stop weaving, and their eyes can weep pearls."

12. 《静夜》一诗在写法和风格上和《天上的街市》很相似，因此，在重点学完《天上的街市》一文后，可以指导学生用相同的方法来学习此诗。

12. The poem "Silent Night" is very similar in writing style and technique to "The Street in the Sky," therefore, after the students have completed a focused study of "The Street in the Sky," it can be guided to learn this poem using the same method.

13. 这两首诗意境优美，节奏舒缓，有着古典诗歌的韵味和意趣，适合朗读。要加强朗读的指导，分清节奏，念准重音，读出感情。放录音，作示范，反复朗读，最好当堂背诵。朗读总的原则是要把握这两首诗美好、恬静、自在、清新而略带一丝忧郁的感情基调；朗读时节奏不宜强，声音不宜大，速度不宜快，要做到轻松、柔和、舒缓。下面对这两首诗的节奏和重音进行了划分，可供朗读时参考：

13. These two poems have beautiful imagery and a relaxed rhythm, embodying the charm and interest of classical poetry, and are suitable for recitation. It is important to strengthen the guidance on recitation, distinguishing the rhythm, pronouncing the stress correctly, and expressing emotions. Play a recording, serve as an example, recite repeatedly, and ideally memorize them on the spot. The general principle of recitation is to grasp the pleasant, tranquil, carefree, fresh, and slightly melancholic emotional tone of these two poems; during recitation, the rhythm should not be too strong, the voice should not be too loud, and the speed should not be too fast, aiming for a relaxed, soft, and leisurely pace. Below, the rhythm and stress of these two poems are marked for reference during recitation:

14. 过去已死，回头没有任何意义。未来没来，还没有对你的生命发生影响。当下即是人生，当下就是一切，当下的所思所想，所言所行，所作所为，决定着你的生命质量和幸福指数。

14. The past is dead, and turning back has no meaning. The future has not yet arrived and has not yet affected your life. The present is life itself, and the present is everything. The thoughts, words, actions, and behaviors in the present determine the quality of your life and your happiness index.

15. 《静夜》诗的结构和《天上的街市》有极相似之处：都是在前面写景的基础上，转而进入想像的世界，收尾出人意料，让人产生无尽的回味和神往!因此，教学过程中，要求学生去发现两首诗在这方面的异同。

15. The structure of the poem "Quiet Night" is extremely similar to that of "The Street Market in the Sky": Both begin with a description of a scene and then transition into an imaginative world, ending unexpectedly, leaving the reader with endless reflections and yearnings! Therefore, during the teaching process, it is required that students discover the similarities and differences between the two poems in this aspect.

16. 语言平易、亲切。“好像”“我想”“你看”……如同对最亲近的朋友娓娓而谈，在不知不觉中牵动着读者的视线和思绪，使之和诗人一起去仰首星空，观赏奇景，驰骋想像。

16. The language is plain and intimate. Expressions like "it seems," "I think," "you see,"... are like talking to the closest friend, subtly engaging the reader's gaze and thoughts, making them join the poet in looking up at the starry sky, admiring the wonders, and galloping their imagination.

17. 比如你现在生病了，承受着病魔的折磨，那么想想为什么会生病吧？你一直都在健康饮食吗？一直都在适度运动和规律作息吗？你有一个积极乐观的心态吗？总有一种行为引起了某种致病的因素，才导致了疾病的发生。

17. For example, if you are sick now and suffering from the torment of the illness, then think about why you got sick. Have you been maintaining a healthy diet all along? Have you been engaging in moderate exercise and maintaining a regular schedule? Do you have a positive and optimistic mindset? There is always some behavior that has triggered certain pathogenic factors, which ultimately led to the occurrence of the illness.

18. 后3节中，作者运用想像，描绘天街的陈设和牛郎织女的生活，以及他们现在的活动。诗人凭想像构想出的“仙境”与客观存在的“天河”“流星”融合在一起，显得那么具体、真切：美丽的街市，街市上的珍奇物品，骑牛闲游的牛郎织女，牛郎织女提着的灯笼。在诗人的笔下，神话传说与实际景象完美地融合在一起，似幻似真，引发了读者无限的遐思，追随着作者的想像一起去遨游仙境，从而感受到诗人追求理想的美好情怀。

18. In the last three paragraphs, the author employs imagination to depict the arrangements in the celestial street, the lives of the Cowherd and Weaving Maid, and their current activities. The "fairyland" conjured up by the poet merges with the objectively existing "Galactic River" and "shooting stars," appearing so concrete and real: beautiful market streets, the rare items in the market, the Cowherd and Weaving Maid riding leisurely on cows, and the lanterns they carry. In the poet's words, mythological legends and actual scenes are perfectly integrated, both fantastical and real, which ignites the reader's endless reverie. They follow the author's imagination to roam through the fairyland, thus experiencing the poet's noble aspirations and the pursuit of ideals.

19. 更令人神往的，是太空中牛郎织女幸福美满的生活。

19. Even more enchanting is the happy and harmonious life of the cowherd and the weaver in space.

20. 地上有星一样的灯，天上有灯一样的星，诗人通过两个互换本体与喻体的比喻，将天与地连成一体。“街灯”与“明星”的共同特点是“无数”和明亮，无数明亮的灯与星成为美好事物的象征。

20. On the ground, there are lamps like stars, and in the sky, there are stars like lamps. The poet, through two metaphors that swap subjects and objects, connects the heavens and the earth into one. The common characteristic of "street lamps" and "shooting stars" is "innumerable" and bright; an innumerable amount of bright lamps and stars symbolize beautiful things.

21. 提示：诗人由人间的街市、街灯很自然地联想到天上的街市。在晴朗的夜空里，那天河确实清浅如一湾溪水，全然不是能凶蛮地把牛郎织女阻隔在两边的模样，于是，作者就此冒出奇想——牛郎织女在天街上闲游——也就显得合情合理了。应该说，诗人一系列的联想和想像，是以现实情景和现实生活作基础的，折射出作者在特定时刻的情感与思想。

21. Tip: The poet naturally associates the street market and street lights on earth with the market in the heavens. Under a clear night sky, the Milky Way is indeed shallow like a stream, far from the fierce image that would separate the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on either side. Therefore, the author comes up with a whimsical thought — that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are strolling in the celestial market — which seems reasonable. It should be said that the poet's series of associations and imaginings are based on real situations and life, reflecting the author's emotions and thoughts at a specific moment.

22. 4诗节，引读者去想像两幅使人心醉的图画。一幅是牛郎织女骑着牛儿过浅浅天河自由来往的“骑牛图”；一幅是他们提着灯笼在天街的“闲游图”。前一幅图画或者有天河溅起的清冽水花，但整个氛围静谧安宁；后一幅图画则多少有些熙熙攘攘了。两幅图画，都传出自由自在、无忧无虑的情调，透露了诗人对未来美好生活的向往。这里有两点值得注意。一是对神话人物的选择。牛郎是神话传说中惟一的劳动人民变作的神，诗人把他置于理想生活的中心地位，体现了关心劳动人民命运的进步思想。二是对神话的改造。传说中牛郎织女在天上的生活并不美妙，天界统治者王母娘娘用玉簪划下的银河将他俩分隔开，每年只有一次在七夕的鹊桥上相会。诗人按照理想的逻辑，把不可逾越的天河变为“浅浅的”“不甚宽广”，把造成不幸的障碍化作美好生活的陪衬，为古老神话赋予新意，给诗中幻境着上一层更加迷人的色彩。

22. 4 stanzas, leading the reader to imagine two enchanting pictures. One is the "Riding the Cow" scene, where the cowherd and the weaver maiden ride cows across the shallow Milky Way, freely coming and going; the other is their "Leisurely Stroll" scene, carrying lanterns along the celestial street. The former picture may have clear, cool water droplets splashed from the Milky Way, but the overall atmosphere is tranquil and peaceful; the latter picture is somewhat bustling. Both pictures convey a mood of freedom and carefree, revealing the poet's longing for a better life in the future. Here are two points worth noting. First, the selection of mythological characters. The cowherd is the only laboring people transformed into a deity in mythology, and the poet places him at the center of the ideal life, reflecting a progressive thought that cares about the fate of the working people. Second, the transformation of mythology. According to legend, the life of the cowherd and the weaver maiden in heaven is not beautiful; the celestial ruler, the Queen Mother of the West, used a jade hairpin to draw the Milky Way, separating them. They can only meet once a year on the Magpie Bridge during the Qixi Festival. The poet, according to the logic of ideals, turns the unpassable Milky Way into a "shallow" and "not very wide" river, transforming the unfortunate obstacle into a complement to a happy life, giving the ancient myth new meaning and adding a more enchanting color to the dreamlike scenes in the poem.

23. 每一个不曾起舞的日子，都是对生命的辜负。不必去想一些虚无缥缈的东西，也不必因为过去的伤害而耿耿于怀。把所有的生命能量都聚焦于此时此刻，你将变成一个真正强大而幸福的人。

23. Every day that is not danced is a betrayal of life. There's no need to dwell on things that are insubstantial and ethereal, nor should you hold onto past injuries. Focus all your life energy on the present moment, and you will become a truly strong and happy person.

24. 观察夜空里的牛郎、织女星，查找有关它们的天文知识，写一篇短文。

24. Observe the stars of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maid in the night sky, research their astronomical knowledge, and write a short essay.

25. 你可能一直都很努力，很善良，也很聪明，很低调，但是难道就没有其他的弱点了吗？有些弱点是不易被察觉的，生命是一个非常复杂的结构，你自己都只是坐井观天。

25. You may have always been hardworking, kind, smart, and modest, but does that mean you don't have any other weaknesses? Some weaknesses are not easily noticeable. Life is a very complex structure, and you yourself are only seeing the sky from the bottom of a well.

26. 适当介绍联想和想像两个不同的概念。所谓联想，就是由一事物想到另一事物的心理过程。由当前的事物回忆起有关的另一事物，或由想起的一件事物又想到另一件事物，都是联想。客观事物总是相互联系的，具有各种不同联系的事物反映在头脑中，形成各种不同的联想：在空间或时间上相接近的事物形成接近联想；有相似特点的事物形成类似联想；有对立关系的事物形成对比联想；有因果关系的事物形成因果联想，等等。所谓想像，就是在原有感性形象的基础上创造出新形象的心理过程。这些新形象是已积累的知觉经过加工改造而形成的。人虽能想像出从未感知过的或实际上不存在的事物的形象，但是想像的内容总是来源于客观现实。当然，在实际教学过程中不要向学生作这样抽象的解释，而是要结合诗中具体形象来使学生明白诗中的联想和想像是怎么回事，了解诗歌中联想和想像运用的重要性。

26. Properly introduce the two different concepts of association and imagination. Association refers to the psychological process of thinking from one thing to another. It involves recalling a related thing from the current one, or thinking of another thing from the thing that is recalled. Since objective things are always interrelated, various types of connections between them are reflected in the mind, forming different associations: things that are close in space or time form associative associations; things with similar characteristics form similar associations; things with opposite relationships form contrastive associations; things with causal relationships form causal associations, and so on. Imagination, on the other hand, is the psychological process of creating new images based on existing sensory images. These new images are formed by processing and transforming accumulated perceptions. Although people can imagine the images of things that have never been perceived or actually do not exist, the content of imagination always originates from objective reality. Of course, in the actual teaching process, it is not advisable to provide such abstract explanations to students. Instead, it is better to combine the specific images in the poem to help students understand what association and imagination are in the poem, and to realize the importance of the application of association and imagination in poetry.

27. (选自《郭沫若诗词鉴赏》，河北人民出版社1994年版)

27. (Excerpted from "Appreciation of Guo Moruo's Poems and Songs", published by Hebei People's Publishing House, 1994 edition)

28. “为什么莲花能代表人生智慧？因为所有的植物都是先开花，后结果，只有莲花因果同时，莲花开花的时候，莲子就在里面了，等到花开，莲子也成熟了，花是因，莲子是果，这就是因中有果，果中有因。

28. "Why can the lotus represent the wisdom of life? Because all plants bloom before they bear fruit, but the lotus has both causes and effects simultaneously. When the lotus flower blooms, the lotus seeds are already inside. By the time the flower blooms, the seeds are also ripe. The flower is the cause, and the seeds are the fruit. This is the concept of cause being in the fruit and the fruit being in the cause."

29. 关于诗集《女神》和《星空》的比较(孙党伯)

29. Comparison of the Poetry Collections "Goddess" and "Starry Sky" (Sun Dangbo)

30. 诗歌短小，上口，有韵律美，应该背下。“用自己的话描述这两首诗里的想像世界”，实际是一种改写、改述，目的是重现或再造诗中的景象与事物，加深感受，培养联想、想像能力。应该允许学生作合理的补充和发挥。

30. Poems are short, catchy, and have a rhythmic beauty, and should be memorized. "Describing the imaginative worlds in these two poems in your own words" is actually a form of rewriting or retelling, with the purpose of reproducing or re-creating the scenes and things depicted in the poems, deepening one's feelings, and cultivating the ability to associate and imagine. Students should be allowed to make reasonable additions and elaborations.

31. 本诗是怎样逐步展开想像的诗人想像的目的是什么

31. How does this poem gradually unfold its imagination? What is the poet's purpose in imagining?

32. 20年代初期，五四运动的洪波已经消退，大革命的时代尚未到来。半殖民地半封建的中国，依旧被帝国主义列强和他们豢养的各派军阀窒息着。诗人在苦闷中彷徨。他不满现实，热烈地憧憬着美好的未来；在灿烂星空的诱发下，写下了这首浪漫气息浓郁的《天上的街市》。

32. In the early 1920s, the waves of the May Fourth Movement had receded, and the era of the great revolution had not yet arrived. The semi-colonial and semi-feudal China was still being suffocated by the imperialist powers and the various warlords they supported. The poet wandered in distress. He was dissatisfied with the reality and fervently dreamed of a beautiful future; under the inspiration of the brilliant starry sky, he wrote this romantic poem, "The Market in the Sky."

33. 介绍诗人和时代背景是必要的，但是，内容要精当，要有所侧重，主要介绍诗人1921年写这两首诗时的经历和思想情绪，顺带介绍一下《星空》的总体特色，帮助学生理解这两首诗的思想感情。还可组织学生课外朗诵诗集《星空》中的有关诗篇。

33. It is necessary to introduce the poet and the historical background, but the content should be concise and focused. The main focus should be on the experiences and emotional state of the poet when he wrote these two poems in 1921. Additionally, a brief overview of the general characteristics of "The Starry Sky" can be provided to help students understand the thoughts and feelings of these two poems. It is also possible to organize students to recite relevant poems from the collection "The Starry Sky" outside of class.

34. 在《女神》时代那一阵强烈、亢奋的情感喷发之后，郭沫若进入了更明慧的生命沉思。这时，他对过去曾以涌溢的热情歌唱过的夜施展了更美妙的艺术诱惑。

34. After a strong and fervent emotional outburst in the "Goddess" era, Guo Moruo entered a more insightful contemplation of life. At this time, he exerted a more enchanting artistic allure on the night he once sang with overflowing passion.

35. → 牛郎织女的自由

35. → The freedom of the Cowherd and Weaving Girl

36. 天上是引人欣羡的。诗人用“美丽的街市”“世上没有的珍奇”，暗示了那里的美好、富足。淡淡的点染，已经使诗人为之不平的人世黯然失色。读者谙熟的人间街市，处处都烙下统治者丑恶的印记。一面是荒*，一面是赤贫；既有寄生的傲慢阔佬和妖艳女人，趾高气扬的外国巡捕，又有踯躅的乞丐和拉客的娼妓……人间街市是剥削阶级罪恶的温床，秽行的橱窗。诗人理想中的天上街市，如炫目的光束，划开了现实的浓重夜色。

36. The sky above is enviable. Poets use expressions like "beautiful marketplaces" and "rare wonders that do not exist in the world" to suggest the beauty and wealth there. With a light touch, the poet has already dimmed the dullness of the worldly life that he finds unsettling. The marketplaces of the familiar human world are imbued with the ugly marks of the rulers. On one side, there is desolation; on the other, extreme poverty; there are the haughty parasites and glamorous women, the proud foreign police, as well as the wandering beggars and the brothel girls who pander to them... The human marketplace is a breeding ground for the sins of the exploiting class and a showcase for lewd acts. The marketplace in the poet's ideal sky, like a dazzling beam of light, cuts through the heavy night of reality.

37. 这首诗取材于我国古代有关牛郎织女的传说。它借丰富新奇的联想和想像，描绘了美妙的天街景象，表达了诗人摆脱封建束缚、追求理想、向往自由幸福的思想感情。

37. This poem is inspired by the ancient Chinese legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Through rich and novel associations and imagination, it depicts the wonderful scene of the celestial street, expressing the poet's emotional and intellectual feelings of breaking free from feudal bonds, pursuing ideals, and yearning for freedom and happiness.

38. 在当时的中国，郭沫若是宇宙意识最强烈的作者。不同于当时的一些青年作者困惑于人生究竟的奥秘，常常陷进自造的烦闷、焦虑和悲绪。郭沫若在生命沉思中调动起丰富的审美想像力，他找到了自己的心灵对应物——夜空。

38. In contemporary China, Guo Moruo was the author with the strongest sense of the universe. Unlike some young authors of that time who were perplexed by the mysteries of life's ultimate purpose and often fell into self-imposed frustration, anxiety, and melancholy, Guo Moruo called upon his rich aesthetic imagination in his contemplation of life, finding his own spiritual counterpart in the night sky.

39. 你的未来是什么样，或者你的命运是什么样，完全取决于你当下的选择和行动。你不断精进自己，锐意提升自己，拼命打磨自己，未来的你，必然十分优秀，匹配到更优质的生活。你现在就满身的臭毛病，还自以为是，目中无人。未来的你，注定一事无成，一文不名。

39. What your future will be like, or what your fate will be, depends entirely on your current choices and actions. As you continuously improve yourself, strive to enhance yourself, and diligently refine yourself, the future you will undoubtedly be outstanding and deserve a better life. You are currently filled with bad habits, yet you still think highly of yourself and have no respect for others. Your future is doomed to be a failure, with nothing to your name.

40. 朗读并背诵这两首诗。用自己的话描述两首诗里的想像世界。

40. Read and recite these two poems. Describe the imaginative worlds depicted in the two poems in your own words.

41. 万法皆空，因果不空。

41. All dharmas are empty, but causation is not empty.

42. } → 天上的街市 → 天市上陈列的物品

42. } → The street market in the sky → The items displayed in the market in the sky