1. 立春：立春俗称“打春”。前一天叫“迎春”，民间以立春日为一年农事之始，是植物开始萌动生长，人们开始备耕之时。史载，周武王曾责令地方官每年举行 “迎春”仪式。立春前一天，各地方官浴身素服步行郊外“迎春”，次日聚集乡民、焚香上供、叩头礼拜，使“芒神”举鞭抽打土牛，意在打去春牛惰性，迎来全年丰收，宣告春耕播种大忙开始。后来，春牛用竹篾扎成牛状，以纸糊成，内装花生、核桃枣，于立春之日，用鞭击牛，击破之后，人们争食散出之果以庆贺春季之到来，也有内装五谷的，像征五谷丰登之意。现在没有打春牛的活动了，但社旗周围仍把立春说成“打春”，并有“春雷动，阳气生”，“春打六九头，种上芝麻吃香油，春打五九尾，种上谷子也吃米”，“打罢春，阳气透，笑看富人穿得厚”的农谚。立春日天气与年景有关，俗以为立春宜晴不宜阴，晴则兆丰，阴则兆灾。有民谣“立春清明又和暖，农人鼓腹皆翘天，倘若风阴与昏暗，五谷不登人不安。”又有“晴则诸事吉，阴则万事愁”。“立春晴一天，农夫好种田。” “立春三日晴，今年好收成。”“立春阴，一春阴，立春晴，一春晴，阴阴晴晴到清明”。“立春有雨连清明”的说法。对于一年两个“立春日”的年份，有“一年两个春，黄牛贵似金”、“两春夹一冬，十个牛栏，九个空”的农谚。

1. Start of Spring: Commonly known as "Beat the Spring," the day before is called "Welcoming the Spring." In folk customs, the day of the Start of Spring marks the beginning of the agricultural year, when plants start to germinate and grow, and people begin to prepare for farming. History records that King Wu of the Zhou dynasty ordered local officials to hold the "Welcoming the Spring" ceremony annually. On the day before the Start of Spring, local officials would bathe and dress in plain clothes to walk outside the city to "welcome the Spring." The next day, they would gather villagers, burn incense, offer sacrifices, and kowtow to worship, in order to鞭打芒神，鞭打土牛，symbolically removing the laziness of the ox, welcoming the year's harvest, and announcing the beginning of busy spring sowing. Later, the ox was made of bamboo strips shaped like an ox, covered with paper, filled with peanuts, walnuts, and dates. On the day of the Start of Spring, people would use a whip to strike the ox, break it open, and争食散落之果，celebrating the arrival of spring. Some oxen were also filled with grains, symbolizing abundant harvests. Now, there is no longer an activity of beating the spring ox, but around the community flag, the Start of Spring is still said to be "Beat the Spring," and there are agricultural sayings like "The spring thunder rolls, the yang qi arises," "The sixth nine is beaten by spring, sesame is planted for sesame oil, the tail of the fifth nine is beaten by spring, millet is planted for rice," and "After beating the spring, the yang qi permeates, smilingly watching the rich dress warmly." The weather on the day of the Start of Spring is related to the year's fortune. It is believed that the Start of Spring should be sunny rather than cloudy; a sunny day portends abundance, while a cloudy day portends disasters. There are folk songs like "Start of Spring and Clear and Warm, Farmers' chests are bloated, If there is wind, cloud, and darkness, grain will not grow, people will not be at ease." There are also sayings like "Sunny means everything is auspicious, cloudy means everything is sorrowful." "Sunny Start of Spring, a good time for farming." "Three days of sunny Start of Spring, a good harvest this year." "Sunny Start of Spring, cloudy for the rest of the spring, sunny for the rest of the spring, from Start of Spring to Qingming, alternating cloudy and sunny." There is also a saying "Start of Spring rain, extending to Qingming." For years with two "Start of Spring" days, there are agricultural sayings like "Two Springs in a year, the ox is as precious as gold," "Two Springs in between a winter, ten ox pens, nine are empty."

2. 雨水：入春以后，东南风始吹，雨水开始增多。雨水过后，开始植树，并准备下红薯母、育红薯苗的牛粪。有“春雨贵如油”、“冬春雨水贵似油、莫让一滴白白流”、“一场春雨一场暖，一场秋雨一场寒”，“雨水无雨天要旱，清明无雨多吃面”的农谚。雨水是果树嫁接的好时间，有“雨水节，把树接”的农谚。

2. Rainwater: After the arrival of spring, the southeast wind begins to blow, and the amount of rain starts to increase. After the rain, planting begins, and cow dung for planting sweet potato roots and cultivating sweet potato seedlings is prepared. There are many folk sayings such as "Spring rain is as precious as oil," "Winter and spring rain is as precious as oil, don't let a drop run to waste," "One spring rain brings warmth, one autumn rain brings cold," and "If there is no rain during the Rainwater, it will be dry, and if there is no rain during Qingming, eat more noodles." Rainwater is a good time for fruit tree grafting, and there is a folk saying: "Rainwater Festival, graft the trees."

3. 惊蜇：像征气温上升，天气变暖，地下蜇伏的各种动物开始苏醒、蠕动。农事活动主要是埋红薯母、育种开始。有“雨水早，春分迟，惊蛰育苗正适时”，“惊蜇不过不下种”，“惊蜇点瓜，不开空花”之农谚。是日闻雷兆年景丰收，风调雨顺，五谷丰登。俗语云：“雷打惊蜇谷米贱”，“惊蜇闻雷米如泥”，“过了惊蜇节，耕地莫停歇”，“前晌惊蜇、后晌拿锄”，指天气连阴，“雷打惊蜇前，高岗能种田”、“不过惊蜇听雷声，四十五天雨难停”， “雷打惊蜇后，河湾能种豆”，预示雨水不多。“惊蜇打雷，小满发水”，“惊蜇云不动，寒到五月中”预示有倒春寒。“惊蜇不放蜂，十笼九笼空”。

3. Jingzhe (Awakening of Insects): Symbolizes the rise in temperature and warming weather, when various animals that were dormant underground begin to wake up and move around. Agricultural activities mainly include planting sweet potatoes and the start of seed breeding. There are agricultural proverbs such as "If the Rain Water comes early, the Spring Equinox is late, sowing seeds during Jingzhe is just the right time," "If Jingzhe passes, don't plant seeds," and "Sow melons during Jingzhe, don't leave empty flowers." On this day, hearing thunder is a sign of a bountiful harvest, favorable weather, and abundant crops. A folk saying goes, "When thunder strikes Jingzhe, grain prices drop," "When Jingzhe hears thunder, rice becomes as muddy," "After the Jingzhe Festival, don't stop plowing the land," "In the morning of Jingzhe, in the afternoon, take up the hoe," indicating continuous overcast weather, "If thunder strikes before Jingzhe, high ridges can be cultivated," "If Jingzhe passes without hearing thunder, rain will not stop for 45 days," "If thunder strikes after Jingzhe, the river bend can be planted with beans," predicting not much rain. "If there is thunder during Jingzhe, the river will overflow during Xiaoman," "If there are no clouds during Jingzhe, it will be cold until the middle of May,"预示ing an early spring cold spell. "If bees are not released during Jingzhe, nine out of ten hives will be empty."

4. 春分：春季过半，气候转暖，昼渐长，夜渐短，麦子生长迅速，开始起身，有“麦过春分昼夜忙”，“春分麦起身，一刻值千金”之俗谚。应加强麦田管理，施肥、中耕，严禁牲畜吃青。春分有雨，兆人们身体康健，有“春分有雨，病人稀”之俗谚。

4. The Spring Equinox: Halfway through spring, the weather warms up, daylight becomes longer, and night shorter. Wheat grows rapidly and starts to rise, leading to the popular saying "Wheat busy at the Spring Equinox day and night" and "At the Spring Equinox, wheat rises, a moment is worth ten thousand." It is important to strengthen the management of wheat fields, including fertilization and cultivation, and strictly prohibit livestock from eating green plants. If it rains on the Spring Equinox, it is a good omen for people's health, as there is the popular saying "If there is rain on the Spring Equinox, there will be few patients."

5. 清明：气候清新，草木茂盛，是植物播种的大好时光。有“清明前，去种棉”，“清明种瓜，船装车拉”，“清明十天种高粱”，“清明去播种，早五天不早，晚五天不晚”，“雨水清明紧相连，植树季节在眼前”，“清明前后，点瓜种豆”，“清明喂个饱（上肥），瘦苗能长好”，“清明种高粱，六月接饥荒”等农谚。清明节忌讳天阴、下雨。是日天晴，兆大丰收。有“清明晒干柳，窝窝撑死狗”，“明清明，暗谷雨”，“清明无雨多吃面”之说法。俗以为清明不明，即为荒年之兆。清明有西北风，主旱，有“清明西北风，旱了不会轻”之说。但也有“清明南风起，收成好无北”的俗谚。清明夜落雨，对麦子不好。谚语云：“麦子不怕四季水，只怕清明一夜雨。”

5. Qingming Festival: The climate is fresh, and the vegetation is lush, which is a good time for planting. There are many folk sayings such as "Plant cotton before Qingming," "Plant melons on Qingming, and load them onto boats and carts," "Plant sorghum within ten days of Qingming," "Plant seeds on Qingming, not too early and not too late," "Rain follows closely after Qingming, the planting season is upon us," "Plant melons and beans before and after Qingming," "Feeding (fertilizing) on Qingming, thin seedlings can grow well," "Plant sorghum on Qingming, and face the famine in June." It is taboo to have cloudy or rainy weather on Qingming. If it is sunny on this day, it is a sign of a bountiful harvest. There are sayings such as "Dry the willows on Qingming, and the dogs will be overfed," "Clear Qingming, dark Grain Rain," and "Eat more noodles if it does not rain on Qingming." People believe that if Qingming is not clear, it is a sign of a poor harvest year. If there is a northwest wind on Qingming, it signifies drought, and there is a saying that "A northwest wind on Qingming means a severe drought." However, there is also the folk saying "When the south wind rises on Qingming, the harvest will be good without the north." If it rains on the night of Qingming, it is not good for wheat. The saying goes, "Wheat does not fear water in all four seasons, but it fears a night of rain on Qingming."

6. 谷雨：每年4月20日前后，太阳到达黄经30°时开始。一般天气变暖，断霜雪，雨量也较前增多，是春作物播种出土的重要季节，开始种高粱、谷子、春玉米、红薯等早秋作物。此时枣芽萌发，春播棉花开始种植。谚曰：“枣芽发，种棉花”，“谷雨栽秧（红薯），一棵一筐”，“谷雨下秧，立夏栽”，“谷雨下谷种，不敢往后等”，“谷雨前，清明后，种花正是好时候”，“谷雨麦怀胎”。此外，谷雨无雨，亦为荒年之兆，民间忌之。有“明清明，暗谷雨”、“清明要明，谷雨要雨”、“谷雨有雨棉苗肥”之俗谚。也有“谷雨到，布谷叫，前三天叫受干，后三天叫受淹”的说法。雨后开始糙场，“三月不糙场，麦打土里扬”。

6. Grains Rain: It begins around April 20th each year when the sun reaches the meridian of 30°. Generally, the weather warms up, frost and snow cease, and the rainfall increases compared to before. It is an important season for sowing spring crops and the emergence of crops, marking the start of planting sorghum, millet, spring corn, sweet potatoes, and other early autumn crops. At this time, jujube buds germinate, and the spring planting of cotton begins. There is a proverb: "When the jujube buds sprout, plant cotton," "Plant sweet potatoes during Grains Rain, one seedling per basket," "Plant rice during Grains Rain, plant wheat during the Summer Solstice," "Plant grains during Grains Rain, do not wait afterward," "Before Grains Rain and after Qingming, it's the best time to plant flowers," and "Grains Rain, wheat is pregnant." Additionally, if there is no rain during Grains Rain, it is a sign of a poor harvest year, and it is something the people abhor. There are also sayings such as "Bright Qingming, dark Grains Rain," "Qingming should be bright, Grains Rain should be rainy," and "If there is rain during Grains Rain, the cotton seedlings will be lush." There is also a saying that "When Grains Rain comes, the cuckoo calls, the first three days it calls for dryness, and the last three days it calls for flooding." After the rain, the threshing of grain begins, "If there is no threshing in March, wheat will be dusty on the ground."

7. 立夏：是为夏季之始，小麦齐穗，开始养花上浆。农谚有“立夏不出头，割了喂老牛”、“立夏麦挑旗，小满麦秀齐”。此时各种侯鸟相继入境，红薯芽普遍移栽下地，并继续播种旱秋作物，黄瓜成熟。农谚有“四月八，鲜黄瓜”，“立夏种棉花，有苗无疙瘩”。本县有“立夏见三新—大蒜、樱桃、豌豆”之说。立夏日忌无雨、无风。俗以为立夏日无雨，主旱。俗谚云：“立夏不下，旱到麦罢”，“立夏不下，高挂犁耙”，“立夏刮东风，药铺把门封”，“稻花要雨，麦花要风”。

7. Lìxià (Start of Summer): This marks the beginning of summer, when wheat is in full bloom and the practice of cultivating flowers and making sugar begins. There is an old saying, "If there's no sprouting on Lìxià, cut it and feed the old cow," and "If wheat is flagged on Lìxià, and the wheat is lush on Xiaoman." At this time, various migratory birds enter the country one after another, sweet potato sprouts are commonly transplanted, and dry autumn crops continue to be sown, and cucumbers mature. There is also an old saying, "On the eighth day of the fourth month, fresh cucumbers," and "Plant cotton on Lìxià, and there will be no lumps in the seedlings." In this county, there is a saying, "On Lìxià, see three new things—garlic, cherries, and peas." It is taboo to have no rain or wind on the day of Lìxià. It is believed that if there is no rain on Lìxià, it will bring drought. An old saying goes, "If there's no rain on Lìxià, the drought will last until wheat is harvested," "If there's no rain on Lìxià, hang the plow and harrow high," "If there's a东风 blowing on Lìxià, the pharmacy will close its doors," "Rice flowers need rain, wheat flowers need wind."

8. 小满：部分早冬作物开始成熟。俗云：“小满见三新”，即大麦、油菜、蚕茧。农民购置农器家具，做收麦前的准备工作。开始套种晚秋作物。农谚有：“小满不满，芒种不忙”，“小满不种棉，种棉也枉然”，“小满十八天，不熟也要干（指小麦）”，“小满种谷，憋满仓屋”。

8. Xiaoman (Grain in Ear): Some early winter crops begin to mature. As the saying goes, "Xiaoman sees three new things," referring to barley, rapeseed, and silkworm cocoons. Farmers start buying agricultural tools and preparing for the wheat harvest. They begin to intercrop late autumn crops. There are also agricultural proverbs: "If Xiaoman is not full, then there will be no rush at Mangzhong (Grain in Ear),", "If you don't plant cotton during Xiaoman, planting cotton will be in vain," "In the 18 days of Xiaoman, if the wheat is not ripe, it should be dried," and "Planting rice during Xiaoman will fill the granary."

9. 芒种：每年6月6日前后，太阳黄经75°时开始。全县农事活动主要是收割小麦，抢种晚秋，管好大秧。农村大忙开始，故有“打春一百，掂镰割麦”，“芒种忙，三两场”，“春争日，夏争时”之语。夏收、夏种、夏管统称“三夏”。三夏生产突出四个“抢”字，即一是抢收。“收麦如救火，龙口把粮夺”，小麦蜡黄就收，“麦穗发了黄，绣女也下床”，“七成收，八成丢”，“麦熟八九动手割，甭等熟透籽粒落”，“等了一粒青，损了十粒黄”，“要保粮食大丰收，一粒一穗不能丢”，“麦天弯弯腰，拾个白卷糕”，“夏收有五忙，收、运、打、晒、藏”；二是抢种，小麦收后趁墒抢种秋作物。“收麦不顾种，秋后难顾命”，“麦茬耩芝麻，苗出快灭茬”，“一棵红薯一把灰，红薯结成一大堆”；三是抢打（脱粒），夏至前要打完场。“夏至不打场，再打是把糠”，“拉到场里算一半，装到囤里才收完”；四是抢管，“种子落地，管子上马”，及时定苗，锄草保墒。“一种得九管，收成才保险”，“五黄六月去种田，一天一夜差一拳”，“人误地一时，地误人一年”，“锄头有火，锄头有水”，“夏天撞破皮，胜似冬天犁一犁儿”，“人勤地不懒，全在人照管”。夏收时，进场不带火，不吸烟，不许光肚娃儿进场，忌 “净光”，“少见”、“没风”、“净啦”等话，过去有“妇女不进场，进场不吉祥”的说法。

9. Grain in Ear: It begins around June 6th each year, when the sun reaches the meridian of 75°. The main agricultural activities in the county are the harvesting of wheat, the timely planting of late autumn crops, and the management of large seedlings. The rural busy season starts, hence the saying "One hundred days of Spring, swinging the sickle to cut wheat," "Grain in Ear is busy, with three seasons to follow," and "Spring competes for days, summer for time." Summer harvest, summer planting, and summer management are collectively known as "Three Summers." The production of the "Three Summers" emphasizes four "rushing" words: first, rushing to harvest. "Harvesting wheat is like putting out a fire, seizing the grain at the dragon's mouth," wheat turns waxy yellow and is harvested, "when the wheat ear turns yellow, even the weaver girl gets up," "seventy percent harvested, eighty percent lost," "when the wheat is ripe for about eight or nine out of ten, start cutting, don't wait for the seeds to fall," "if you wait for one green grain, you lose ten yellow grains," "to ensure a great grain harvest, not a single ear can be lost," "bending over during wheat harvest, picking up a white rice cake," "there are five busy times in summer harvest, harvesting, transporting, threshing, drying, and storing"; second, rushing to plant, taking advantage of the soil moisture after wheat is harvested to plant autumn crops. "If you don't plant after harvesting wheat, you'll have difficulty taking care of yourself in autumn," "sow sesame after wheat stubble, the seedlings come out quickly and the stubble is eliminated," "a handful of ash for a sweet potato, a heap of sweet potatoes formed," third, rushing to thresh (detaching the grains), the threshing ground must be completed before the Solstice. "If you don't thresh before the Solstice, threshing again will be as useless as chaff," "half done when brought to the threshing ground, only complete when stored in the granary"; fourth, rushing to manage, "as soon as the seeds are sown, start managing," timely thinning out seedlings, weeding to preserve soil moisture. "Planting is nine times more work than harvesting, only when harvested can you be assured," "in the fifth and sixth months of the year, go to the fields, even one inch of time is precious," "a person can waste the land for a moment, but the land can waste a person for a year," "the hoe has fire and water," "summer skin breaks, better than plowing in winter," "hard work brings good harvests, all depend on human care." During the summer harvest, it is forbidden to bring fire into the field, to smoke, or to allow bare-chested children into the field. Taboos include "clean and empty," "rarely seen," "no wind," "clean and done," etc. There was a saying in the past that "women should not enter the field, and entering the field is not auspicious."

10. 夏至：夏至是农事很重要的节气，是秋田管理的紧张季节。气温升高，天气变热，开始锄头遍地。“春争日，夏争时，中耕锄草不宜迟”，“夏至棉田草，胜如毒蛇咬”，“夏至种芝麻，头顶一朵花，立秋种芝麻，老死不开花”。夏至三庚入伏，伏有30天或40天，分头伏、中伏和末伏。每伏10天，中伏有20天的。民间有“热在中伏”和“三伏里头加一秋”之说。俗以为夏至天气变化会对农作物造成很大影响。因此农家在夏至里忌讳很多。夏至最忌有雷雨。俗谚云：“夏至有雷六月旱，夏至逢雨三伏热”。“掏钱难买五月旱，六月连阴吃饱饭”，“掏钱难买五月冷，一棵豆子打一棒”，“夏至西北风，十雨九场空。”“夏至翻白云，平地见鱼鳞”，“夏至风从东南起，夏秋不断雨淅淅”。还有夏至赶逢在五月前期，后期的占侯禁忌。谚云：“夏至五月端，麦子贵三千”，“夏至五月头，不种芝麻也吃油”，“夏至五月终，十个油房九个空”。不种芝麻也吃油，说明其他庄稼长得好，丰收了。十个油房九个空，则表示出整个年景的歉收、萧条。

10. Summer Solstice: The Summer Solstice is an important solar term in agriculture, marking a busy season for autumn field management. With the temperature rising and the weather getting hotter, it's time to start hoeing the fields. There's an old saying, "Spring races for days, summer for time; it's not too late to hoe and weed in the middle of the growing season," "The grass in the cotton fields on the Summer Solstice is as dangerous as a venomous snake bite," and "Sow sesame seeds on the Summer Solstice, and a flower will bloom on your head; plant sesame seeds on the Day of Autumn, and they will never bloom." The Summer Solstice marks the beginning of the dog days, which last for 30 or 40 days, divided into the beginning dog days, the middle dog days, and the end dog days. Each period lasts for 10 days, with the middle dog days lasting for 20 days. There are popular sayings like "The heat is at its peak during the middle dog days" and "Adding one autumn to the three dog days." It is believed that changes in weather during the Summer Solstice can greatly affect crops. Therefore, farmers have many taboos during the Summer Solstice. The most忌 is thunder and rain on the Summer Solstice. There's an old saying: "If there's thunder on the Summer Solstice, there will be drought in June; if it rains on the Summer Solstice, the dog days will be hot." "Money can't buy the drought in May, but it can buy a full belly during the continuous rain in June," "Money can't buy the cold in May, but it can buy a single bean pod," "If there's a northwest wind on the Summer Solstice, nine out of ten rains will be fruitless," "If there are white clouds on the Summer Solstice, fish scales will appear on the ground," "If the wind starts from the southeast on the Summer Solstice, it will rain continuously from summer to autumn." There are also taboos and omens related to the Summer Solstice during the early and late May. There's a saying: "If the Summer Solstice falls on the first day of May, wheat will be worth three thousand," "If the Summer Solstice falls on the first day of May, you can eat oil even if you don't plant sesame seeds," "If the Summer Solstice falls on the last day of May, nine out of ten oil mills will be empty." Eating oil without planting sesame seeds indicates that other crops grow well and there is a good harvest. Nine out of ten oil mills being empty, however, suggests a poor and bleak year.

11. 小暑：天气逐渐炎热，汛期到，作物旺长，主要是加强秋作物管理。可犁炕地。农谚有“小暑前后种绿豆”，“小暑种芝麻，头顶一串花”。小暑忌旱，俗谚云： “六月怕干，九月怕淹。”“六月旱，喝稀饭”，“六月要雨难得雨，八月要晴难得晴”，“小暑南风十八天，坑里泥巴都晒干”。“伏里无雨，谷里无米”。“小暑泥鳅赛人参”。

11. Xiaoshu (Minor Heat): As the weather gradually becomes hot, the flood season arrives, and crops grow vigorously, the main task is to strengthen the management of autumn crops. It is suitable to plow and cultivate the land. There is an old saying, "Plant mung beans before and after Xiaoshu," and "If you plant sesame seeds during Xiaoshu, you'll have a cluster of flowers on your head." It is taboo to have drought during Xiaoshu. As a common saying goes: "In June, be afraid of dryness, and in September, be afraid of flooding." "In June, there is drought, and people drink thin gruel," "In June, it is hard to get rain when you need it, and in August, it is hard to get sunny weather when you need it," "For eighteen days after Xiaoshu, the south wind brings dryness, and the mud in the ditches dries up." "Without rain in the heat, there is no rice in the fields." "The eel in Xiaoshu is as valuable as ginseng."

12. 大暑：为一年中气温最高的时期，正值伏中。谷子甩大叶，黄豆二棚楼，头二茬地均中耕完毕。注意治虫、防旱、防涝等事。农谚有：“冷在三九，热在三伏”， “三伏不热，五谷不结”，“小暑大暑，热死老鼠”，“小暑不算热，大暑压草肥”，“头伏有雨。二伏旱，三伏有雨吃饱饭”，“大暑到立秋，割草压肥不能丢”，“头伏萝卜，二伏芥，三伏里头种白菜”，“伏里种豆，收成不厚”，“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，“六月六，芽子红薯线穗粗”。

12. Great Heat: This is the period with the highest temperatures of the year, which coincides with the mid-heat period. The millet has shed its large leaves, soybeans have grown to the second level of trellis, and the plowing for the first and second crops is completed. Pay attention to matters such as pest control, drought prevention, and flood prevention. There is an old saying: "The coldest time is the 'Sanjiu' (the third nine days of winter), and the hottest time is the 'Sanfu' (the three heat periods in summer). If the 'Sanfu' is not hot, the five grains will not be harvested," "If the 'Sanfu' is not hot, the mice will die of heat," "The 'Xiaoshu' and 'Dagushu' are very hot, the mice will die of heat," "The 'Xiaoshu' is not that hot, but the 'Dagushu' will press the grass to make it fat," "If it rains during the first heat period, it will be dry during the second, and it will rain during the third, and you will have enough to eat," "From the 'Dagushu' to the 'Liqiu' (Autumn Equinox), you cannot neglect cutting grass and pressing it for fertilizer," "In the first heat period, plant radishes, in the second, plant mustard, and in the third, plant Chinese cabbage," "Planting beans during the heat period will not yield much," "Three rains during the heat period will make the thin land grow good hemp," "On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the sprouts of sweet potatoes will have thick branches."

13. 立秋：秋季开始，时在三伏之中。农事有“立了秋，挂锄钩”之说。意为庄稼不再锄了，还有“立罢秋，万事休”，“立秋种芝麻，老死不开花”，意为此时各种作物不能再种了。但亦有“立秋前后，燕瓜绿豆”，“立秋栽葱，白露种蒜”，“六月秋，老秧丢，七月秋，老秧收”之谚，是说在立秋时绿豆还可播种（收成不多），可栽葱。育的秧苗如果立秋在六月，不能再栽了，立秋在七月，移栽的秧苗还能有收成。立秋是当地农家的大节气，是庄稼接近成熟的季节，“立秋三天遍地红”，指高粱穗变红成熟。“棉花立了秋，大头、小头一齐揪”。立秋日忌雷、雨、风。俗谚云：“雷打秋，晚禾折半收”，“秋前北风，秋后雨，秋后北风干到底”。

13. The Beginning of Autumn: The autumn begins during the Dog Days. There is an agricultural saying, "Once the autumn arrives, the hoe is hung." This means that the crops no longer need to be hoeing. There are also sayings like "Once the autumn arrives, everything is over," and "Sow sesame seeds after the autumn arrives, and they will never bloom until old age," indicating that no more crops can be planted at this time. However, there are also proverbs like "Green beans and mung beans can be planted before and after the autumn arrives," "Plant scallions after the autumn arrives, and plant garlic after the White Dew arrives," and "In June, when the autumn arrives, old seedlings are discarded; in July, when the autumn arrives, old seedlings are harvested." These sayings suggest that green beans can still be planted (with a small yield) and scallions can be planted around the time of the autumnal equinox. Seedlings that are planted in June and reach the autumnal equinox cannot be planted anymore, but seedlings planted in July can still have a harvest. The beginning of autumn is a major agricultural event for local farmers, marking the season when crops are nearly ripe. The saying "Three days after the autumn arrives, everything is red" refers to the sorghum ears turning red and maturing. "The cotton has arrived at the autumn, and both the big and small heads can be picked." It is forbidden to have thunder, rain, or wind on the day of the autumnal equinox. There is a popular saying: "If thunder strikes on the day of the autumn, half of the late crops will be lost," and "Before the autumn, there is north wind; after the autumn, there is rain; and after the autumn, the north wind dries everything up to the end."

14. 处署：暑尽天凉，炎热的天气将于是日结束。农谚有：“处暑不种田，想种等来年”，“过了处署不种秋，就是种上也不收”，但可种荞麦，俗谚云：“处暑荞麦甭等肥”。“处暑谷渐黄，大风要提防”。

14. The End of Summer: As the summer heat subsides and the weather becomes cooler, the hot days come to an end. There is an old saying: "Do not plant crops at the End of Summer, if you want to plant, wait for next year," and "If you plant crops after the End of Summer, even if you plant, you won't harvest." However, it is appropriate to plant buckwheat, as the common saying goes: "At the End of Summer, there's no need to wait for the buckwheat to grow fat." "As the grains turn yellow at the End of Summer, you should be on guard against strong winds."

15. 白露：时值中秋，天气转凉，夜间露水发白。农事活动开始收获高粱和早玉米。腾茬子，早耕，小麦备播，育油菜苗。农谚有：“白露种高山，寒露种平川（小麦）”，“白露割谷”，“白露没有雨，犁地要早起”。“秋收打谷又犁田，来年又是大丰年”。

15. White Dew: It is the Mid-Autumn Festival, the weather turns cooler, and the dew at night turns white. Agricultural activities begin to harvest sorghum and early corn. Clearing fields, early plowing, preparing for wheat sowing, and cultivating rapeseed seedlings. There is an old saying: "Plant on high mountains during White Dew, and on plains during Cold Dew (for wheat)", "Harvest rice during White Dew", "If there is no rain during White Dew, you should start plowing early". "Harvesting rice and plowing the fields in autumn, it will be a bountiful year again next year."

16. 秋分：秋季的一半，此后北半球渐短，夜渐长。秋分后，既要抓紧送粪犁地，积极备播小麦，又夹带收秋，是秋季最忙时期。农谚有：“秋分一半家，寒露满天下”，“秋分一到，谷场见稻”。“秋分过五，小麦入土。”“秋天弯弯腰，强似春天转一遭儿”。“一年辛勤在于秋，粮不入屋不算收”，“三春不如一秋忙，收不到屋里不算粮”。“七月底，八月岸儿，新谷子米汤麻杆盐儿”。秋分前后，月亮落地的变化，将直接预示着来年年景的好坏。俗谚云：“七月十五早看天，强似抽签问神仙；月亮落地接云彩，年景好的说不得；月亮落地光塌塌，明年粮食打不发”。

16. The Autumn Equinox: the midpoint of autumn, after which the days gradually shorten in the Northern Hemisphere and the nights become longer. After the Autumn Equinox, it is necessary to both抓紧送粪犁地 (quickly apply manure and plow the fields) and actively prepare for sowing wheat, while also harvesting the autumn crops, making it the busiest time of the autumn. There is an old saying: "Half the year's work is at the Autumn Equinox, and the fullness of cold dew covers the world," and "Once the Autumn Equinox arrives, the rice fields are visible." "After the fifth day of the Autumn Equinox, wheat is sown." "Bending over in autumn is stronger than turning a round in spring." "All the year's hard work is in autumn; if the grain is not brought into the house, it is not considered a harvest," and "Three springs are not as busy as one autumn; if the grain is not brought into the house, it is not considered grain." "By the end of July, in August, new rice, millet, and salt." The change in the moon's descent around the Autumn Equinox will directly predict the good or bad harvest the following year. An old saying goes: "On the 15th of July, looking at the sky is better than drawing lots to ask the gods; when the moon touches the ground, it gathers clouds, and the year's prospects are too good to describe; when the moon touches the ground, the light is dim, and next year's grain may not be harvested."

17. 寒露：进入寒露，气候明显转凉，夜有寒冷之感，开始播种小麦。农谚云：“寒露到霜降，种麦莫慌张”，“过了寒露节，种麦穗如铁”，“抓着一季早，两季产量高”，“打蛇打在七寸上，庄稼种在节气上”，“一早三分忙，一壮三分旺”。

17. Cold Dew: With the arrival of Cold Dew, the weather becomes notably cooler, and there is a feeling of coldness at night. It's time to start sowing wheat. As an old saying goes: "From Cold Dew to the First Frost, don't rush to plant wheat," "After the Cold Dew Festival, wheat ears are as hard as iron," "A timely start brings high yields in two seasons," "To strike a snake, strike at its seventh inch; to plant crops, plant according to the solstices and equinoxes," "Early start means three parts of diligence, robust growth means three parts of prosperity."

18. 霜降：以天冷，露水结成薄霜而故名。霜降无霜，主来岁饥荒。“霜降有霜，米谷满仓”，“十月不下霜，种地一包糠”。霜降后进入种麦高潮时节，俗云：“霜降至立冬，种麦莫放松”，“有墒不等时，到时不等墒”，“犁犁耙耙种下田，最晚不过立冬前”，“前耧后耧，差一穗头”。晚秋普遍成熟，开始刨红薯，切红薯干。

18. Chushuang (Frost Descending): Named because of the cold weather when dew condenses into thin frost. If there is no frost on Chushuang, it portends a famine the following year. It is said, "If there is frost on Chushuang, the granaries will be full of rice and grains," and "If there is no frost in October, farming will be as barren as a sack of bran." Chushuang marks the peak season for sowing wheat. It is commonly said, "From Chushuang to the beginning of winter, do not relax in sowing wheat," "Seeding on fertile land does not wait for the time, and the time does not wait for fertile land," "The plow and the harrow go into the fields, the latest not past the beginning of winter," "The front and back plowing, with one grain head's difference." In late autumn, crops are generally mature, and the harvesting of sweet potatoes begins, and dried sweet potatoes are prepared.

19. 立冬：立冬意味着冬天的到来，太阳黄经为225°。抓紧播种晚茬小麦。谚云：“立冬到小雪，种麦晚半月”，“种麦过立冬，来年少收成”。移栽油菜，收完红薯。古有“冬是终了”，是作物收割后，要收藏起来的意思。谚有“立了冬，把地耕，能使土里养分增”，“冬耕深，出黄金”之说。立冬日忌讳吃生冷食物，如萝卜、水果等。否则以为会损伤身体。立冬忌无雨。俗谚云：“重阳无雨立冬晴，立冬无雨一冬晴”。

19. Start of Winter: The Start of Winter signifies the arrival of winter, with the sun's longitude at 225°. It's time to rush the planting of late crops of wheat. As the saying goes, "From the Start of Winter to the Minor Snow, plant wheat a month later," and "Planting wheat after the Start of Winter will result in a poor harvest the following year." Transplant rapeseed and harvest sweet potatoes. There is an old saying, "Winter signifies the end," which means that after the crops are harvested, they should be stored away. There is also the saying, "After the Start of Winter, plow the land, and it will increase the nutrients in the soil," and "Deep winter plowing brings gold." It is taboo to eat cold and raw foods on the day of the Start of Winter, such as radishes and fruits, as it is believed that it may harm the body. The Start of Winter also dislikes no rain. The folk saying goes, "If the Double Ninth Festival has no rain, then the Start of Winter will be sunny, and if the Start of Winter has no rain, it will be sunny throughout the winter."

20. 小雪：气温下降，始飘雪花，冬播结束。开始拉沫子，为牛铺备土，修建房屋，开展农田水利基本建设，整修道路，开展副业活动。农谚有：“千家万户，沫子粪土”，“小雪不破股（分孽），大雪不出土（麦苗）”，“修渠筑坝，天旱不怕”，“修好水渠筑好塘，年年丰收有保障”，“修好水利，一本万利”，“光靠自己莫靠天，修好水利万年甜”，“修渠如修仓，积水如积粮”，“不修沟渠不修塘，五六月里水汪汪”，“地埂不修，有田也丢”，“条条沟渠都打通，排水浇地不费工”，“农闲全在冬，水利莫放松”，“没雨先修房，没旱先修塘，没涝先筑坝，没荒先备粮”。小雪到冬至是冬灌的好时机，俗谚云：“小雪到冬至，浇麦正适时”，“冬浇半年墒”，“麦子浇五水，馍馍送到嘴”，“有水无肥一半出，有肥无水望天哭”。小雪忌无雪。有“小雪雪满天，来年是丰年”“小雪要是下雪多，来年五月旱天多”之说。

20. Light Snow: The temperature drops, and snowflakes begin to fall, marking the end of winter sowing. People start to churn manure, prepare soil for cattle bedding, repair houses, carry out basic agricultural water conservancy construction, repair roads, and engage in sideline activities. There is an old saying: "Every household churns manure," "Without breaking the stock (branching), there will be no sprouts of wheat (seedlings) on Light Snow, but there will be on Heavy Snow," "Building canals and dams, one need not fear drought," "Build a well water canal and a good pond, and there will be abundant harvest every year," "Build water conservancy, and it will bring tenfold benefits," "Rely on oneself, not on the sky, and build water conservancy for eternal sweetness," "Building a canal is like storing grain, and accumulating water is like storing grain," "If one does not repair ditches and ponds, in May and June there will be a lot of water," "If the embankments are not repaired, even with fields one might lose them," "Open all the canals, and it will not take much effort to drain water and irrigate the fields," "Agricultural leisure is all in winter, and water conservancy should not be relaxed," "Build houses before rain, repair ponds before drought, build dams before floods, and prepare grain before barrenness." From Light Snow to the Winter Solstice is a good time for winter irrigation, as the folk saying goes: "From Light Snow to the Winter Solstice, it is the right time to water wheat," "Winter irrigation brings half a year's moisture," "Wheat needs five waterings, and bread will be delivered to the mouth," "With water but no fertilizer, half of the harvest comes out, and with fertilizer but no water, one can only cry to the sky." Light Snow is unlucky if there is no snow. There is a saying: "If it snows on Light Snow, it will be a bountiful year," "If there is a lot of snow on Light Snow, there will be more droughts in May."

21. 大雪：天寒地冻，大雪纷飞而故名。瑞雪兆丰年。“麦盖三床被（大雪），头枕蒸馍睡。”农事活动继续进行水利建设，整修道路水渠，开始磨粉，生产粉条、粉皮，从事商业经营及商品生产等活动。农谚有“场光地净，五沟挖通”，“薄地想丰收，冬闲挖深沟”。大雪忌无雪，俗谚有“大雪不见雪，来年不收麦”，“今年大雪把门封，来年一定好收成”，“雪水化成河，麦收不会薄”，“大雪丰收来，无雪少吃麦”之说。

21. Heavy Snowfall: Named because of the extreme cold and heavy snowfall. It is believed that a timely heavy snow heralds a bountiful harvest. There is an old saying, "Three layers of bedding over wheat (on Heavy Snow), head resting on steamed buns to sleep." Agricultural activities continue with the construction of water conservancy projects, repairing roads and canals, and starting the process of grinding flour to produce vermicelli and rice noodles. People also engage in commercial operations and the production of goods. There is an old farmers' saying, "When the market is empty and the fields are clean, all five ditches are dug through." It is also said that "In order to expect a good harvest in the thin soil, dig deep ditches during the winter." It is a taboo to have no snow on Heavy Snow, with the folk saying, "If there is no snow on Heavy Snow, there will be no wheat harvest the following year," "This year's Heavy Snow closes the door, and next year's harvest will be good," "When the snow melts into a river, the wheat harvest will not be thin," and "If there is a bountiful harvest on Heavy Snow, but no snow, there will be less wheat to eat."

22. 冬至，太阳直射南回归线，是日交九，此后天气渐入严寒。有冬九九歌：“一九二九袖装手，三九四九冰上走，五九六九河开冰走，七九八九抬头看柳，九九如一九耕牛遍地走”。农业生产上，除继续进行防冻，积肥、深耕等工作外，还要注意人畜的安全过冬。“吃了冬至饭，一天长一线”，白天将逐渐变长。冬至忌无雨。俗谚云：“立冬无雨看冬至，冬至无雪一冬晴”意指来年将旱。

22. The Winter Solstice is when the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn. It marks the beginning of the "Nine Days of Cold," after which the weather gradually becomes extremely cold. There is a popular song about the "Nine Days of Cold": "On the first and second day, wrap your sleeves and keep your hands warm; on the third and fourth day, you can walk on the ice; on the fifth and sixth day, the rivers are broken and the ice can be walked on; on the seventh and eighth day, look up and see the willows; on the ninth day, as on the first, oxen are seen everywhere plowing." In agricultural production, in addition to continuing to carry out frost prevention, manure accumulation, and deep plowing, attention must also be paid to the safe wintering of humans and livestock. The saying goes, "After eating the Winter Solstice meal, the day will grow a thread longer," indicating that the days will gradually become longer. The Winter Solstice is said to be bad without rain. The folk saying goes, "If there is no rain on the Winter Solstice, look at the Winter Solstice; if there is no snow on the Winter Solstice, the winter will be clear." This means that the following year will likely be dry.

23. 小寒：进入严寒天气，“小寒大寒，滴水成团”，“小寒冻土，大寒冻河”。

23. Minor Cold: Entering severe cold weather, "During the Minor Cold and Major Cold, water droplets can form into lumps," "Minor Cold freezes the soil, Major Cold freezes the river."

24. 大寒：进入一年中最寒冷的时候，时在十二月，准备过春节。“小寒、大寒、杀猪过年”。

24. The Great Cold: Entering the coldest time of the year, which falls in December, preparing for the Spring Festival. "The Cold, the Great Cold, and slaughtering pigs for the New Year's celebration."

25. 在平时的学习、工作或生活中，大家都接触过很多优秀的谚语吧，谚语的恰当运用可以让语言活泼风趣，增强文章的`表现力。广为流传的谚语都有哪些呢？

25. In our daily studies, work, or life, everyone has come across many excellent proverbs, haven't they? The appropriate use of proverbs can make language lively and amusing, enhancing the expressiveness of the text. What are some widely spread proverbs?

26. 立冬晴，一冬晴;立冬雨，一冬雨 (苏、浙等)

26. If it is sunny on the Winter Solstice, it will be sunny all winter; if it rains on the Winter Solstice, it will rain all winter (Suzhou, Zhejiang, etc.).

27. 立冬晴，一冬淋;立冬淋，一冬晴 (闽)

27. If it's sunny on the Winter Solstice, it will rain all winter; if it rains on the Winter Solstice, it will be sunny all winter (Min dialect).

28. 立冬晴，一冬干 (浙)

28. If it's sunny on the Winter Solstice, it will be dry throughout the winter (Zhejiang province)

29. 立冬晴，雪凝多 (贵)

29. On the day of the Winter Solstice, if it is clear and sunny, it usually means there will be a lot (of snow). (This is a good sign)

30. 立冬睛干冬，立冬落烂冬 (皖)

30. If it is clear and dry on the Winter Solstice, it will be a good winter; if it rains heavily on the Winter Solstice, it will be a bad winter (Anhui)

31. 立冬晴，一冬淋;立冬落，一冬渴 (贵)

31. If it is sunny on the Day of the Winter Solstice, it will rain all winter; if it snows on the Day of the Winter Solstice, it will be dry (and expensive) all winter.

32. 立冬晴，有冬干;立冬雨，要烂冬 (湘)

32. If it's sunny on the Winter Solstice, there will be a dry winter; if it rains on the Winter Solstice, the winter will be muddy and unpleasant (Xiang).

33. 立冬晴，晴一冬;立冬雨，会烂冬 (赣)

33. If it is sunny on the Winter Solstice, it will be sunny throughout the winter; if it rains on the Winter Solstice, the winter will be wet and soggy (Jiangxi Province).

34. 立冬晴，冬雪少 (桂)

34. On the Winter Solstice, the sky is clear, and there is little snow in winter (Guì)

35. 立冬晴，大旱情 (湘)

35. On the day of the Start of Winter, it's clear and sunny, indicating a severe drought situation (Xiang).

36. 立冬之日半天晴，冬季干得起灰尘 (贵)

36. On the day of the Start of Winter, half a day is sunny, and the winter is dry and dusty (valuable).

37. 立冬晴，柴火堆满城;立冬阴，柴火贵如金 (赣)

37. If it's sunny on the Winter Solstice, the city is filled with piles of firewood; if it's cloudy on the Winter Solstice, firewood is as valuable as gold (Jiangxi).

38. 立冬出太阳，今冬无雪霜 (陕)

38. The sun appears on the day of Liding, this winter will have no snow or frost (Shaanxi)

39. 立冬晴，茅草放满坪;立冬雨，茅草贵过金 (桂)

39. Clear on the Winter Solstice, reeds fill the courtyard; rainy on the Winter Solstice, reeds are more valuable than gold (Osmanthus).

40. 立冬出日头，夏天冷死牛 (湘、粤)

40. The sun rises on the Winter Solstice, and the cows die of cold in summer (Hunan and Guangdong).

41. 立冬晴，雨鞋挂断绳 (湘)

41. If it is sunny on the first day of winter, the string of the rain boots will break (Xiang).

42. 立冬三日阳，谷子堆成仓 (桂)

42. The sun shines for three days after the Start of Winter, millet piles up in the granaries (Osmanthus).

43. 立冬阴，一冬阴 (苏)

43. The winter solstice brings darkness, and the whole winter is dark (Sū).

44. 立冬阴，一冬温;立冬晴，一冬风 (冀)

44. If it is cloudy on the Winter Solstice, the winter will be warm; if it is clear, the winter will be windy. (Hebei)

45. 立冬暗，禾谷倒田坎 (赣)

45. The winter solstice is dark, the rice and grain are falling over the field banks (Jiangxi)

46. 立冬无雨一冬睛 (苏、浙、湘等九省)

46. If there is no rain on the day of Start of Winter, the whole winter will be clear (Suzhou, Zhejiang, Hunan, and other nine provinces).

47. 立冬无雨多晴天 (闽)

47. If there is no rain on the day of Lìdiūn, there will be many sunny days (Fujian dialect)

48. 立冬日子晴，就有一冬晴 (赣)

48. If it is sunny on the day of Start of Winter, it will be sunny throughout the winter (Jiangxi Province)

49. 立冬逢晴少雨雪 (湘)

49. The Winter Solstice often brings sunny weather with little rain or snow (Hunan)