1. 立夏鹅毛住，小满打麦子;芒种万物播，夏至做黄梅;小暑耘收忙，大暑是伏天。

1. The day of the Summer Solstice, the geese' feathers settle; On the day of the Grain in Ear, wheat is threshed; On the day of the Grain in Ear, all things are sown; On the day of the Summer Solstice, prepare for the yellow梅; On the day of the Minor Heat, the fields are weeded and harvested busy; On the day of the Major Heat, it is the Dog Days.

2. 要旱要旱未真旱，准收棉;要涝要涝未真涝，粮丰产。

2. If it is said to be dry but it is not truly dry, it is suitable for cotton harvest; if it is said to be flooded but it is not truly flooded, the crops will be abundant.

3. 立夏鹅毛住，小满鸟来全;芒种开了铲，夏至不拿棉;小暑不算热，大暑三伏天。

3. The geese stay in the nest as the Summer Solstice approaches, and the birds arrive with the Grain in Ear season; by the Grain in Ear, the hoe is put away, and the Summer Solstice comes without needing to wear cotton; during the Great Heat, it's not considered hot, but during the Dog Days, it's extremely hot.

4. 芒种万物播，夏至做黄梅;小暑耘收忙，大暑是伏天。

4. Seed the world on Mangzhong, make yellow梅 on the Summer Solstice; busy with weeding and harvesting on the Minor Heat, it's the dog days on the Great Heat.

5. 五天不雨一小旱，十天不雨一大旱，一月不雨地冒烟。

5. No rain for five days brings a slight drought, no rain for ten days brings a severe drought, and no rain for a month causes the ground to smoke.

6. 一般来说，在日最高气温高于35℃的炎热日子里(气象上称为炎热日)，中暑的人明显增多。而当日最高气温达37℃以上时(气象上称为酷热日)，中暑的人数会急剧增加，特别是在副热带高压控制下的长江中下游地区，骄阳似火，风小湿度又大，更令人感到闷热难当。

6. Generally speaking, on hot days when the highest daily temperature exceeds 35℃ (referred to as hot days in meteorology), there is a significant increase in the number of people suffering from heatstroke. When the highest daily temperature reaches above 37℃ (referred to as extreme heat days), the number of people suffering from heatstroke will急剧 increase, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which are under the control of the subtropical high-pressure system. The sun is scorching, the wind is light, and humidity is high, making the heat oppressive and unbearable.

7. 喂养水牛娘，牢记事两桩：夏天挖个池，冬天修个房。

7. When raising the water buffalo woman, remember two things: in summer, dig a pool; in winter, repair a house.

8. 中伏萝卜末伏芥，立秋前后种白菜。芒种开了铲，夏至不拿棉；小暑不算热，大暑三伏天。冷在三九，热在中伏。雨中知了叫，预报天晴了。蜻蜓飞满天，大雨下满湾。大暑小暑，淹死老鼠。雨中蝉鸣，就要天晴。玉米受涝叶变红，由红变紫更严重，紫来紫去丧了命。不热不冷，不成年景。

8. In the middle of the hot summer, radish powder and mustard seeds are planted. Cabbage is sown before and after the autumnal equinox. The hoe is opened with the Dragon Boat Festival, and cotton should not be picked after the summer solstice. The heat of the minor heat is not as intense, but the great heat marks the beginning of the dog days. The coldest time is the "Three Nine" days, and the hottest is in the middle of the hot summer. The cicadas sing in the rain, signaling clear skies. Dragonflies fly across the sky, indicating heavy rain will fall. In the great heat, both minor and major, even rats can be drowned. The sound of cicadas in the rain predicts clear weather. If the corn leaves turn red due to flooding, and then turn purple, it is even more serious, and the plant may die. If it is neither too hot nor too cold, that is a good year.

9. 六月盖棉被，新米倒比陈米贵。九里的雪，伏里的雨，吃了麦子存了米。今晚蚊子狂，明天雨一场。青蛙哇哇叫，大雨要来到。人在屋里热得躁，稻在田里哈哈笑。大暑展秋风，秋后热到狂。蜢虫子打脸，下雨难免。河里鱼打花，天上有雨下。清早碱地返潮，近日将有雨浇。石上有水雨，草上有水晴。花期旱一段，产量减一半。

9. In June, using cotton quilts, new rice is more expensive than old rice. Nine miles of snow, the rain in the heat of summer, eating wheat and storing rice. Tonight, mosquitoes are raging, and it will rain tomorrow. Frogs are croaking loudly, a heavy rain is approaching. People are hot and restless inside the house, while the rice in the fields laughs happily. The great heat shows the autumn wind, and after autumn, it gets very hot. Bugs slap your face, and rain can't be avoided. Fish in the river flower, rain will fall from the sky. Early in the morning, alkali land returns to moisture, and it will rain soon. There is water on the stones, and there is no water on the grass, indicating a clear sky. For a period of drought during the flowering season, the yield will be reduced by half.

10. 长江沿岸的'南京、武汉和重庆，每年的炎热日平均达17～34天之多，酷热日也有3～14天。此外，江西的贵溪、湖南的衡阳、四川的开县等地，全年平均炎热日都在40天以上，整个长江中下游地区就是一个大火炉。

10. Along the Yangtze River, cities such as Nanjing, Wuhan, and Chongqing have an average of 17 to 34 days of hot days each year, with as many as 3 to 14 days of scorching hot days. Additionally, places like Guixi in Jiangxi, Hengyang in Hunan, and Kaixian in Sichuan, among others, have an average of more than 40 days of hot days throughout the year, making the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River a real furnace.

11. 立夏鹅毛住，小满雀来全;芒种大家乐，夏至不着棉;小暑不算热，大暑在伏天。

11. The geese have settled down on the day of the Summer Solstice, and the sparrow comes in full force on the day of Grain in Ear; everyone is joyful on the day of the Grain in Ear, and cotton is not worn on the day of the Summer Solstice; it is not hot enough on the day of the Minor Heat, but the day of the Major Heat falls during the dog days.

12. 燕子低飞蛇过道，鸡晚宿窝蛤蟆叫，盐坛出水烟叶潮，大雨不久就来到。

12. Swallows fly low, snakes cross the path, chickens roost late at night, frogs croak, salt jars leak, and the leaves of tobacco are damp. A heavy rain is coming soon.

13. 导语：大暑，二十四节气之一，北半球在每年7月22-24日之间，南半球在每年1月20-21日之间，太阳位于黄经120。《月令七十二候集解》中说：暑，热也，就热之中分为大小，月初为小，月中为大，今则热气犹大也。其气候特征是：斗指丙为大暑，斯时天气甚烈于小暑，故名曰大暑。大暑节气正值三伏天里的中伏前后，是一年中最热的时期，气温最高，农作物生长最快，同时，很多地区的旱、涝、风灾等各种气象灾害也最为频繁。

13. Introduction: The Great Heat, one of the 24 solar terms, falls between July 22nd and 24th in the Northern Hemisphere and between January 20th and 21st in the Southern Hemisphere, with the sun located at the meridian of 120 degrees. According to "The Explanation of the 72 Periods of the Month," heat is hot, and it is divided into great and small heat. The small heat is at the beginning of the month, and the great heat is at the middle of the month. Now, the heat is still very strong. Its climatic characteristics are: when the pointer points to Ding, it is the Great Heat. At this time, the weather is extremely hot, even more so than during the Small Heat, hence the name Great Heat. The Great Heat solar term coincides with the middle of the three hottest days of the year, known as the "Dog Days," and is the hottest period of the year. The temperature is the highest, and crop growth is the fastest. At the same time, various meteorological disasters such as droughts, floods, and windstorms are most frequent in many regions.

14. 芒种开了铲，夏至不拿棉;小暑不算热，大暑三伏天

14. The day of Mangzhong, the seedling is planted, but no cotton is picked on the day of Xiazhi; the day of Xiaoshu is not considered hot, but the day of Daxu is the time of the three heat periods.

15. 旱天厨房落烟油，雨在明天晌午头。蝴蝶屋内飞，下雨不到黑。吃草没个饱，明天就要洗个澡。大暑前后，衣裳溻透。筋骨疼，雨打洞。遇到伏旱，就要减产。雨蛤叫不停，风雨不容情。蚂蚁搬家蛇过道，家里有人场里跑。大暑热不透，大热在秋后。大暑不暑，五谷不起。

15. In a dry kitchen, soot falls, and rain is expected at noon tomorrow. Butterflies flutter inside the house, and it won't rain until dark. There's no end to eating grass, and tomorrow I'll have to take a bath. Before and after the Great Heat, clothes get soaked. Joints ache, and rain beats the holes. When there's a drought, the yield decreases. The toad frog keeps calling, and the wind and rain are merciless. Ants are moving their homes, and snakes cross the path, while someone in the house is running in the field. The Great Heat is not hot enough, but the real heat comes after autumn. If it's not hot during the Great Heat, the grains won't grow.

16. 在7月底到8月初，正是西太平洋副热带暖高压的活跃期，它时常盘踞在中国东部地区，强盛的时候，可西进控制到中国西南地区东部，如四川东部、重庆等地。同样，在夏季，中国大陆许多地区常常受大陆高压控制，同样是下沉增温，晴空少云，滚热的地面，烘烤着大气，使气温居高不下。

16. In late July and early August, it is the peak season for the subtropical high-pressure system in the western Pacific, which often lingers over the eastern part of China. When it is at its strongest, it can extend westward to control the eastern regions of southwest China, such as the eastern part of Sichuan and Chongqing. Similarly, during the summer, many areas of mainland China are often controlled by the continental high-pressure system, leading to descending air and increased temperatures, with clear skies and few clouds. The hot ground bakes the atmosphere, causing temperatures to remain high.

17. 小暑不见日头，大暑晒开石头。小暑大暑不热，小寒大寒不冷。大暑无酷热，五谷多不结。大暑连天阴，遍地出黄金。大暑大雨，百日见霜。大暑展秋风，秋后热到狂。大暑不热，冬天不冷。小暑吃黍，大暑吃谷。小暑怕东风，大暑怕红霞。小暑大暑，有米不愿回家煮。

17. If there is no sun during the Minor Heat, the Great Heat will bake the stones. If it's not hot during the Minor and Great Heat, it won't be cold during the Minor and Great Cold. Without extreme heat during the Great Heat, the grains won't grow well. If it's overcast during the Great Heat, gold will be found everywhere. Heavy rain during the Great Heat will bring frost within a hundred days. If autumn wind appears during the Great Heat, it will be extremely hot after autumn. If it's not hot during the Great Heat, it won't be cold in winter. Eat millet during the Minor Heat and grain during the Great Heat. Be afraid of the east wind during the Minor Heat and red clouds during the Great Heat. During the Minor and Great Heat, even rice doesn't want to be cooked at home.

18. 小暑怕东风，大暑怕红霞。小暑大暑，有米不愿回家煮。小暑不算热，大暑正伏天。蚊子嗡嗡叫，明天雨来到。早呱呱，风刮大；晚呱呱，雨哗啦。牛虻叮人，大雨倾盆。中伏种萝卜，末伏种油菜。芒种万物播，夏至做黄梅；小暑耘收忙，大暑是伏天。大暑热，田头歇；大暑凉，水满塘。小暑不见日头，大暑晒开石头。

18. The summer solstice fears the east wind, and the great heat fears the red dawn. During the summer solstice and the great heat, even rice doesn't want to return home to be cooked. The summer solstice is not that hot, but the great heat is the peak of the hot season. Mosquitoes buzz, and rain will come tomorrow. Early croak, the wind will be strong; late croak, the rain will pour. If a gadfly bites, heavy rain will fall. In the middle of the hot season, plant radishes; at the end of the hot season, plant rapeseed. At the grain in ear, all things are sown; at the summer solstice, prepare for the yellow梅. The summer solstice is busy with weeding and harvesting, and the great heat is the peak of the hot season. In the great heat, it is hot at the head of the field, and cool with water overflowing in the pond. If the summer solstice does not see the sun, the great heat will bake the stones dry.

19. 大暑也是雷阵雨最多的季节，有谚语说：东闪无半滴，西闪走不及意谓在夏天午后，闪电如果出现在东方，雨不会下到这里，若闪电在西方，则雨势很快就会到来，要想躲避都来不及。人们也常把夏季午后的雷阵雨称之为西北雨，并形容西北雨，落过无车路夏雨隔田埂及夏雨隔牛背等，形象地说明了雷阵雨，常常是这边下雨那边晴，。

19. The Great Heat also marks the season with the most thunderstorms, as there is a proverb that says: "If lightning flashes in the east, not a drop will fall; if it flashes in the west, you can't escape." This means that in the afternoon of summer, if lightning appears in the east, it won't rain here; but if lightning occurs in the west, the rain will come quickly, and there will be no time to take shelter. People also often refer to the thunderstorms in the afternoon of summer as "northwest rain," and describe it as "northwest rain where there is no road, summer rain across the embankments, and summer rain across the cows' backs," vividly illustrating that thunderstorms often bring rain on one side and sunshine on the other.

20. 早晚烟扑地，苍天有雨意。大暑小暑不是暑，立秋处暑正当暑。重雾三日，必有大雨。

20. Early and late, smoke descends to the ground, and the sky shows signs of rain. The great heat and the slight heat are not truly hot; the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn are when the heat is at its peak. Three days of thick fog will surely bring heavy rain.

21. 一般说来，大暑节气是一年中日照最多、气温最高的时期，是华南西部雨水最丰沛、雷暴最常见、30℃以上高温日数最集中的时期，也是华南东部35℃以上高温出现最频繁的时期。

21. Generally speaking, the Greater Heat solar term is the period with the most sunshine and the highest temperatures in a year. It is also the time when there is the most abundant rainfall, the most frequent thunderstorms, and the most concentrated number of days with temperatures above 30℃ in western Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau. Additionally, it is the period when the appearance of temperatures above 35℃ in eastern Guangdong is most frequent.

22. 芒种大家乐，夏至不着棉;小暑不算热，大暑在伏天

22. Enjoy the Mang Zhong festival, don't wear cotton on the Summer Solstice; it's not considered hot during the Lesser Heat, but the Greater Heat is in the Dog Days.

23. 大麦(收割)不过芒种，小麦(收割)不过夏至。

23. Barley (harvesting) should not be delayed beyond the Grain in Ear Festival (Mangzhong), and wheat (harvesting) should not be delayed beyond the Summer Solstice (Xiazhi).

24. 导语：夏季是一年中雨水最丰富，日照时间最长的季节，因此夏季的农业生产尤为关键。

24. Introduction: Summer is the season of the year with the most abundant rainfall and the longest daylight hours, making agricultural production in summer particularly crucial.