1. 我们根本没想到要怀疑或轻视“历史的启示”；历史就是我们的一切~恩格斯

1. We never thought of doubting or undervaluing "the enlightenment from history"; history is everything to us ~ Engels

2. 历史对事业的是否崇高，是以它的结果来评定的。乔万尼奥里（意）《斯巴达克思》

2. Whether the greatness of history lies in the cause it represents is determined by its outcome. Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italian) "Spartacus"

3. 历史有三种不同的任务，我们可以称为科学的、想象的或推测的和文学的。乔治·屈维廉《克莱奥一位缪斯》

3. History has three different tasks, which we can call scientific, imaginative or speculative, and literary. From George Grote's "Clio: A Muse."

4. 一句中，“又”字开头，“也”字结尾，连用一个副词和一个语气词，这在诗中是不多见的。然而作者用得很自然，使起句突兀，加强了语气，强化了诗中女主人公的哀怨之情，并有笼盖全篇的作用，算得上写法的出新。

4. In a sentence, starting with the character "又" and ending with the character "也", using an adverb and a particle together is not common in poetry. However, the author uses it naturally, making the opening line abrupt and enhancing the tone, which strengthens the melancholic feelings of the female protagonist in the poem. It also has the effect of covering the entire poem, which can be considered a new style of writing.

5. 执古以绳今，是为诬今；执今以律古，是为诬古。魏源《默觚·治篇五》

5. To use the ancient to bind the present is to defame the present; to use the present to govern the ancient is to defame the ancient. — Wei Yuan, "Silent Pen · Treatise on Governance Five"

6. 使人联想到，离别的人一看见杨柳，就会想起离别时依依不舍的场面，就会浮现出赠柳惜别的情景，心中就会涌起一缕缕离愁。这样，诗中“折柳”一词所寓含的“惜别怀远”之意就比较容易理解了。

6. It is reminiscent that when people parting see willow trees, they would recall the poignant scenes of parting, and the images of parting with willows would emerge, causing a surge of sorrow. In this way, the meaning of the word "plucking willow" in the poem, which embodies the sentiment of "longing for farewell and distant thoughts," becomes easier to understand.

7. 历史是说过和做过事情的记忆。卡尔·贝克（美）《人人都是他自己的历史学家》

7. History is the memory of what has been said and done. Karl Beck (USA) "Everyone Is His Own Historian"

8. “疑是”值得细味，诗人明明说得恍恍惚惚，而读者也明知不是，但是又都觉得只有这样写，才更为生动、逼真，其奥妙就在于诗人前面的描写中已经孕育了这一形象。你看！巍巍香炉峰藏在云烟雾霭之中，遥望瀑布就如从云端飞流直下，临空而落，这就自然地联想到象是一条银河从天而降。

8. "Doubtfully is" is worth pondering over. The poet clearly speaks in a dazed and confused manner, and the reader is well aware that it is not true, yet everyone feels that only in this way can it be described more vividly and authentically. The secret lies in the image that was already germinated in the poet's previous descriptions. Look! The towering Xianglu Peak is hidden among the clouds and mist, and looking afar at the waterfall, it seems to be pouring down from the clouds, plummeting from the sky and falling to the ground. This naturally leads one to associate it with a river of stars descending from the heavens.

9. 历史是进化的，但有时总使人感觉它是在重复过去。廖沫沙《廖沫沙杂文集·历史重复》

9. History is evolutionary, but sometimes it always gives people the feeling that it is repeating the past. From Liao Mo Sha's "Liao Mo Sha's Collection of Essays · The Repetition of History."

10. [简析] 唐肃宗上元元年（公元760年）诗人杜甫在饱经离乱之后，寓居四川成都，在西郊浣花溪畔建成草堂，暂时有了安身的处所，心情比较舒畅。春暖花开时节，他独自在江畔散步赏花，写下了《江畔独步寻花》一组七首绝句，这是其中的第六首。

10. [Summary] In the first year of the Shangyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (760 AD), after having experienced much turmoil, the poet Du Fu took up residence in Chengdu, Sichuan. He built a thatched cottage by the Huahua Creek in the western suburbs, where he found a temporary place of refuge and felt relatively comfortable. During the warm spring when flowers bloom, he walked and appreciated flowers alone by the riverbank and wrote a set of seven quatrains titled "Walking Alone by the Riverbank to Find Flowers," which is the sixth poem in the set.

11. 人类的历史是很忍耐地等待着被侮辱者的胜利。泰戈尔《飞鸟集》

11. The history of humanity has patiently awaited the victory of the insulted. From "The Flight of the Butterflies" by Rabindranath Tagore.

12. 历史和哲学负有多种永恒的责任，同时也是简单的责任。雨果（法）《悲惨世界》

12. History and philosophy bear multiple eternal responsibilities, as well as simple responsibilities. Victor Hugo (French) "Les Misérables"

13. 接着诗人才把视线移向山壁上的瀑布。“遥看瀑布挂前川”，前四字是点题；“挂前川”，这是“望”的第一眼形象，瀑布象是一条巨大的白练高挂于山川之间。

13. Only then did the poet shift his gaze to the waterfall on the cliff. "Looking afar, the cataract hangs over the river," the first four characters are the key to the theme; "hangs over the river," this is the first image of the "look"; the waterfall resembles a gigantic white silk belt hanging between the mountains and rivers.

14. 历史总是为生活服务的，它提供范例，评价过去，或者把目前这个时刻安放到生成――演变中去。雷蒙·阿隆《历史哲学》

14. History always serves life, providing examples, evaluating the past, or placing the present moment within the context of generation and evolution. Raymond Aron, "The Philosophy of History."

15. 比起大自然来，历史对人类的感情更严酷，更残暴。大自然要求人们仅仅满足于天赋的本能，而历史却要强制人的理智。高尔基《克里姆·萨姆金的一生》

15. Compared to nature, history is more cruel and brutal towards human emotions. Nature demands that people be content with their innate instincts, while history forcibly imposes reason upon humans. (From Gorky's "The Life and Adventures of Klim Samgin")

16. 历史的道路不是涅瓦大街上的人行道，它完全是在田野中前进的，有时穿过尘埃，有时穿过泥泞，有时横渡沼泽，有时行径丛林。车尔尼雪夫斯基《车尔尼雪夫斯基》

16. The path of history is not the pedestrian walkway on Nevsky Avenue; it advances entirely through the fields, sometimes through dust, sometimes through mud, sometimes across swamps, and sometimes through jungles. (From "Chekhovsky" by Chernyshevsky)

17. 历史的道路，不全是平坦的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。李道钊《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》

17. The path of history is not always smooth; sometimes it leads to arduous and perilous terrains. It is only through the robust spirit that one can overcome them. From Li Daozhao's "Difficult Times and Robust Nation."

18. 路是脚踏出来的，历史是人写出来的。人的每一步行动都在书写自己的历史。吉鸿昌《吉鸿昌》

18. Roads are made by footprints, and history is written by people. Every step a person takes writes their own history. Ji Hongchang, "Ji Hongchang"

19. 只有传记是真实的历史。卡莱尔（英）《新闻评论》

19. Only biography is true history. Carlyle (English) "The News Review"

20. 夫史者，所以记**典章因革损益之故，与夫事之成败得失，人之邪正，用以彰善瘅恶，而为法戒于万世，是故圣人之经纶天下，而不患其或敝者，惟有史以维之也。戴名世《南山集·史论》

20. History is a record of the reasons for the changes and benefits of laws and regulations, as well as the success or failure of events, the righteousness or evil of individuals, which is used to highlight virtue and denounce evil, and serve as a legal caution for future generations. Therefore, the wise men who govern the world do not worry about its decay, because only history can sustain it. (From Dai Mingshi's "Nanshan Ji · Historiography")

21. 我们根本没想到要怀疑或轻视历史的启示；历史就是我们的一切。恩格斯

21. We had never thought of suspecting or belittling the revelations of history; history is everything to us. — Engels

22. 历史展示出现在与过去的一种对话，在这种对话中，现在采取并保持着主动。雷蒙·阿隆《历史哲学》

22. Historical exhibitions now appear as a dialogue with the past, in which the present takes and maintains the initiative. Raymond Aron, "The Philosophy of History"

23. 历史是一出没有结局的戏。每个结局都是这出戏的新情节的开始。彼得·海尔《在历史中遭遇》

23. History is a play without an ending. Every ending is the beginning of a new plot in this play. Peter Hays, "Encountering History"

24. 1李白的《春夜洛城闻笛》： 谁家玉笛暗飞声，散入春风满洛城。

24.1 Li Bai's "Spring Night in Luoyang Hearing the Flute": Whose jade flute secretly flies its sound, spreading in the spring breeze, filling the whole city of Luoyang.

25. 历史是生活的教师。克罗齐《历史学的理论和实践》

25. History is the teacher of life. From Croce's "The Theory and Practice of History."

26. 只有传记是真实的历史。卡莱尔《新闻评论》

26. Only biography is real history. From Carlyle's "News and Comment."

27. 历史会重演。修昔底德（古希腊）《历史》

27. History tends to repeat itself. Thucydides (Ancient Greek) "History"

28. 历史的道路不是涅瓦大街上的人行道，它完全是在田野中前进的，有时穿过尘埃，有时穿过泥泞，有时横渡沼泽，有时行径丛林。车尔尼雪夫斯基（俄）《车尔尼雪夫斯基》

28. The path of history is not a sidewalk on Nevsky Prospect; it advances entirely in the fields, sometimes through dust, sometimes through mud, sometimes crossing swamps, and sometimes navigating through jungles. — Chernyshevsky (Russian) "Chernyshevsky"

29. 历史的第一页是从互相猜忌搞阴谋和耍手腕开始的。米·左琴科（苏）《一本浅蓝色的书》

29. The first page of history begins with mutual suspicion, intrigue, and cunning. M. Zoshchenko (Soviet Union), "A Light Blue Book"

30. 人们通过每一个人追求他自己的自觉期望的目的而创造自己的历史，却不管这种历史的结局如何，而这许多按不同方向活动的愿望及其对外部世界的各种各样影响所产生的结果，就是历史。恩格斯

30. People create their own history by pursuing their own conscious expectations, regardless of the outcome of this history, and the results produced by the many desires acting in different directions and their various influences on the external world are what constitute history. — Engels

31. 人类的具体历史，如果有的话，那一定是所有人的历史，也必然是人类的一切希望、斗争和受难的历史。波普《公开社会及其敌人》

31. If there is a specific history of humanity, it must be the history of all people, and it is also necessarily the history of all the hopes, struggles, and sufferings of humanity. Popper, "The Open Society and Its Enemies"

32. 历史有如悲剧，要没有**罪恶灾难，在其中掀风作浪，就会显得毫无生气，令人生厌。伏尔泰（法）《天真汉》

32. History is like a tragedy; without the tumult caused by *misery and disasters, it would seem lifeless and tedious. Voltaire (French) "The Naive"

33. “又”字还与下面的“经年”相应，暗示这女子与情人离别，正是去年此时，故对物候变化特别敏感。第二句“如何出翠帏”，“如何”，有不堪的意思。

33. The character "又" also corresponds to the following "经年," suggesting that the girl is separated from her lover, and it is exactly this time last year, hence her particular sensitivity to the changes in the seasons. In the second sentence, "如何出翠帏," the word "如何" carries the meaning of being unable to bear.

34. 每一种真正的历史都是现代史。克罗齐（意）《历史学的理论和实践》

34. Every true history is modern history. (Italian) Croce, "The Theory and Practice of History."

35. 由于诗人成功地运用了这一手法，使物我交融，情景相生，这首小诗读起来就更亲切有味。 3望庐山瀑布 李白 日照香炉生紫烟， 遥看瀑布挂前川。

35. Due to the poet's successful use of this technique, which blends the object and myself, and brings forth a harmonious interplay of scenery and emotion, this short poem reads with a greater sense of intimacy and taste. "Looking at the Luoshan Waterfall" - Li Bai Sunlight shines on the Xianglu furnace, giving rise to purple smoke, From afar, I see the waterfall hanging over the front river.

36. 历史家的任务在于区别真实的和虚假的，确定的和不确定的，以及可疑的和不能够接受的。歌德《歌德的格言和感想集》

36. The task of historians is to distinguish between the real and the false, the certain and the uncertain, and the可疑 and the unacceptable. - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, "Maximen und Reflexionen"

37. “留连”是形容蝴蝶飞来飞去舍不得离开的样子。这句从侧面写出春花的鲜艳芬芳。

37. "留连" is a description of the butterfly flying back and forth, reluctant to leave. This sentence indirectly portrays the bright and fragrant scent of spring flowers.

38. 旧的历史，带着它的诗画，与君子小人，必须死！新的历史必须由血里产生出来！老舍（中）《四世同堂》

38. The old history, with its poetry and paintings, along with the gentlemen and the small people, must die! The new history must be born from the blood! Lao She (Chinese) "The Same House for Four Generations"

39. 历史上最突出的偶然的机遇是赫赫名人、伟大人物的间歇出现。阿伦·尼文斯

39. The most outstanding accidental opportunity in history is the intermittent appearance of prominent individuals and great figures. Aaron Niven.

40. 这句是上句“满”字的具体化。第三句“留连戏蝶时时舞”。

40. This sentence is the specification of the word "full" in the previous sentence. The third sentence is "The play butterflies stay and dance all the time."

41. 历史有自己的生命，它就像一个人，既随和又自尊。余秋雨（中）《艺术创造工程》

41. History has its own life, much like a person, it is both accommodating and self-respectful. Yu Shaoyu (Chinese) "The Art of Creative Engineering"

42. 史乃"述往以为来者师也，经世之大略" --- 王夫之

42. "To recount the past in order to be a teacher for the future, this is the grand strategy of governing the world" --- Wang Fuzhi

43. 其实诗人也被万紫千红的春花所吸引而留连忘返。第四句“自在娇莺恰恰啼”。

43. In fact, poets too are drawn by the myriad spring flowers in full bloom and linger on without wanting to leave. The fourth line reads, "The free and graceful oriole sings just right."

44. “飞”字，把瀑布喷涌而出的景象描绘得极为生动；“直下”，既写出山之高峻陡峭，又可以见出水流之急，那高空直落，势不可挡之状如在眼前。然而，诗人犹嫌未足，接着又写上一句“疑是银河落九天”，真是想落天外，惊人魂魄。

44. The character "飞" vividly depicts the scene of waterfalls spurting out. "直下" not only describes the towering and steepness of the mountains but also shows the urgency of the water flow. The image of the high altitude directly falling, its irresistible force as if it's right before our eyes. However, the poet still felt it was not enough, and then added another line, "疑是银河落九天," which is truly a thought that reaches beyond the heavens, astonishing one's soul and spirit.

45. 历史多么无情而又有情，不遗忘每一个对历史的贡献，也不宽容每一个对历史的障碍。范文澜《范文澜历史论文选集·戊戌变法的历史意义》?>

45. History is both merciless and compassionate; it does not forget every contribution to history, nor does it tolerate every obstacle to history. Fan Wenlan, "Selected Essays on History by Fan Wenlan · The Historical Significance of the Wuxu Reform."

46. 历史并没有真正的科学价值，它的唯一目的乃是教育别人。乔治·屈维廉（英）《克莱奥――一位缪斯》

46. History does not possess true scientific value; its sole purpose is to educate others. - George Catterall (English), "Clio – A Muse"

47. 历史不能长久被欺骗，正像民众不能长久被欺骗一样。华岗（中）《中国历史的翻案》

47. History cannot be deceived for long, just as the people cannot be deceived for long. Hua Gang (middle) "The Reinterpretation of Chinese History"

48. 一方面，历史指的是事件，即人类事件的过程；另一方面，它又是指历史的事实报道，即历史学家所从事的探究和做的记事。路易斯·奥·明克（英国）

48. On one hand, history refers to events, the process of human events; on the other hand, it also refers to the factual reporting of history, that is, the investigation conducted and the records made by historians. Louis O. Mink (British)

49. “挂”字很妙，它化动为静，维妙维肖地表现出倾泻的瀑布在“遥看”中的形象。谁能将这巨物“挂”起来呢？“壮哉造化功”！所以这“挂”字也包含着诗人对大自然的神奇伟力的赞颂。

49. The character "挂" is very exquisite, as it transforms motion into stillness and vividly portrays the image of a cascading waterfall in the act of being "seen from a distance." Who could hang up such a massive object? "What grand creation power!" Therefore, the character "挂" also encompasses the poet's praise for the wondrous and powerful forces of nature.

50. 历史是一出没有结局的戏。每个结局都是这出戏的新情节的开始。彼得·海尔（荷）《在历史中遭遇》

50. History is a play without an ending. Every ending is the beginning of a new plot in this play. Peter Huybers (Netherlands) "Encountering History"