1. 我从哲学的探索中得到的一切欢愉，有如看到一个正从峡谷中浮现出来的崭新景观一样。

1. All the joy I derive from the exploration of philosophy is like seeing a brand new landscape emerging from a canyon.

2. 许多不必要的苦难就是由于对社会的无知而忍受的。

2. Many unnecessary sufferings are endured due to ignorance of society.

3. ldquo;归纳是我们的老朋友，因为它是条件反射定律或联系定律。

3. "Induction is our old friend, because it is the law of conditional reflex or the law of association."

4. 对此，不少学者提出了反对意见。首先，罗素认为汉字的字符太复杂。其实，汉字的基本笔画就只有32种，由这32种笔画组成了成千上万个汉字，比英语复杂不到哪里去。举个例子，汉字中的“人”和英语中最简单的“man”相比，汉字是不是更简单？汉字中的“早上”一词只有9画，可英语中的“morning”从视觉上和实际拼写上都比汉字来得复杂。要是遇到成语或者句子，翻译成英语就更长了。虽说罗素来中国的时候，中国人使用的是繁体字，但汉字在根据实际需要不断简化，如今早已没那么复杂了。人都有先入为主的观念，罗素自认为汉字比英文复杂，殊不知英语也不简单。

4. In response, many scholars have raised objections. Firstly, Russell believes that Chinese characters are too complex. In fact, there are only 32 basic strokes in Chinese characters, which make up tens of thousands of characters. This is not much more complex than the English language. For example, compared to the simplest English word "man," isn't the Chinese character for "person" simpler? The Chinese word for "morning" has only 9 strokes, while the English word "morning" is visually and in actual spelling more complex than the Chinese character. When it comes to idioms or sentences, the translation into English would be even longer. Although Russell visited China when traditional Chinese characters were in use, Chinese characters have been continuously simplified according to actual needs, and are no longer as complex as they used to be. People have preconceived notions; Russell thinks that Chinese characters are more complex than English, but he doesn't realize that English is not simple either.

5. 伯特兰·阿瑟·威廉·罗素，英国著名的哲学家、数学家、历史学家、逻辑学家，是分析哲学的主要创始人，世界和平运动的组织者和倡导者。其主要作品有《西方哲学史》、《哲学问题》等。其中，《西方哲学史》吸引了无数年轻人走上了哲学这条道路，就连梁启超和徐志摩等人都是他的拥趸者。

5. Bertrand Arthur William Russell, a renowned British philosopher, mathematician, historian, and logician, is a major founder of analytic philosophy and an organizer and advocate for the world peace movement. His main works include "A History of Western Philosophy" and "The Problems of Philosophy." Among them, "A History of Western Philosophy" has attracted countless young people to embark on the path of philosophy, and even figures like Liang Qichao and Xu Zhimo were his followers.

6. 三种单纯且强烈的感情支配着我的一生，那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难在的怜悯。

6. Three pure and strong emotions dominate my entire life, that is, the longing for love, the pursuit of knowledge, and the compassion for human suffering.

7. 如果世界上有骄傲到不肯打仗的民族，那么这个民族就是中国。

7. If there is a nation in the world that is proud to the extent of not engaging in war, then that nation is China.

8. 铺垫了这么久，明天终于开始聊古希腊哲学了。

8. After so much preparation, we finally start discussing Ancient Greek philosophy tomorrow.

9. 在适当的时间里思考问题的习惯。这自有它的重要性，第一因为它可让人少费心思而完成日常工作，第二因为它可治疗失眠，第三因为它有助于决断时的效率和智慧。

9. The habit of thinking about problems at the appropriate time. This has its own importance, first because it allows one to complete daily tasks with less mental effort, second because it can help with insomnia, and third because it aids in the efficiency and wisdom of decision-making.

10. 一个人应当下决心重视自己的合理信念，不让那不合理的信念顺利通过，不让它控制自己，无论时间何等短暂。这在他不禁要变得幼稚可笑时，不过是一个思索的问题，这种思索如果进行得足够有力的话，也许是很快的。因此，为此所花费的时间不会多。

花费 10. One should make a determination to value one's reasonable beliefs, not to let the unreasonable beliefs pass smoothly, not to let them control oneself, no matter how brief the time may be. When he cannot help but become childish and laughable, it is merely a problem of thought, and such thought, if carried out with sufficient force, may be quite rapid. Therefore, the time spent on this will not be much.

11. 爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，

11. Love and knowledge, whenever possible, lead to heaven. However, compassion always brings me back to the world. The echoes of suffering cries resonate within my heart. The children who starve and go hungry, the victims who are cruelly oppressed by the oppressors,

12. 不要害怕怀有怪念头，因为现在人们接受的所有的观念都曾经是怪念头。

12. Do not be afraid of having strange ideas, because all the concepts accepted by people today were once considered strange ideas.

13. 通过培养有秩序的头脑而增加的幸福感和提高的效率，是令人吃惊的。有秩序的头脑就是在合适的时间里充分的思考一件事，而不是在所有的时间里断断续续的思考这件事。

13. The happiness gained and the efficiency improved by cultivating a disciplined mind are astonishing. A disciplined mind means fully contemplating a matter at the appropriate time, rather than intermittently mulling over it at all times.

14. 荣耀归于身经无数年代战斗的勇猛战士，他们已为我们保有了无价的自由遗产。

14. Glory be to the valiant warriors who have fought through countless ages, for they have preserved for us an invaluable heritage of freedom.

15. 至高的幸福是建立在幻想上的幸福，因为他的代价最低：想像自己为王比实际成王要容易。

15. The highest happiness is built on the happiness of illusion, because its cost is the lowest: imagining oneself as a king is easier than actually becoming one.

16. 一切社会的不平等，从长远看来，都是收入上的不平等。

16. All social inequalities, in the long run, are inequalities in income.

17. 第二，从孤独的个人的角度，哲学对我们意义非凡。人生充满着很多不确定性，悲欢离合、世事无常。我们想要知道为什么？该怎么办

17. Secondly, from the perspective of the solitary individual, philosophy holds great significance for us. Life is full of many uncertainties, joy and sorrow, parting and reunion, and the ever-changing nature of things. We want to know why? What should we do?

18. 从无用的知识之中可以得到那么多乐趣。

18. So much pleasure can be derived from useless knowledge.

19. 那种似由工作造成的神经崩溃，其实都是精神苦恼所致，患者乃是为了逃避苦恼才去埋头工作的。他所以不愿放弃工作，是因为放弃之后，再没东西可以使他忘记他的不幸了。

19. That kind of nervous breakdown seemingly caused by work is actually due to mental distress. The patients work diligently in order to escape from the distress. They are reluctant to give up work because, after giving it up, there is nothing else that can help them forget their misfortunes.

20. 有一种传统宗教上的犯罪心理学为现代的心理学家所无法接受。按照这种心理学，尤其是按照新教徒的说法，良心会告诉每个人何时他所欲做的事情是犯罪的，并且做过之后，他可能感到两种难堪：一种叫做懊丧，那是没有益处的，另一种叫做后悔，那是可以洗涤罪恶的。

20. There is a traditional religious criminal psychology that modern psychologists cannot accept. According to this psychology, especially according to the Protestants, the conscience will tell each person when what they want to do is a crime, and after doing so, they may feel two kinds of embarrassment: one called remorse, which is of no benefit, and the other called regret, which can wash away sin.

21. 正因为不幸福，他便可以向别人提出过份的要求。

21. Just because he is unhappy, he can make excessive demands on others.

22. 我逐渐学会对自己和自己的缺点漠不关心，逐渐学会把注意力更多的放在外界的事物上。

22. I gradually learned to be indifferent to myself and my shortcomings, and gradually learned to focus more on external things.

23. 第一，从历史学家的角度，如果想要了解一个时代，了解一个民族的变迁，就必须得了解它的哲学。

23. Firstly, from the perspective of a historian, in order to understand an era and the changes of a nation, it is necessary to understand its philosophy.

24. 哲学，就我对这个词的理解来说，乃是某种介乎神学与科学之间的东西。

24. Philosophy, as I understand the term, is something that lies between theology and science.

25. 罗素认为，一切确定的知识属于科学；知识之外的事情，给你教条答案的，就是神学。介于神学和科学之间，有那么一个地方，神学和科学同时攻击这个地方，那就是哲学的地盘了。

25. Russell believes that all certain knowledge belongs to science; anything beyond knowledge that provides dogmatic answers is the realm of theology. Between theology and science, there is a place where both theology and science attack it simultaneously, and that is the territory of philosophy.

26. 现代文明所造成的人心更倾向于仇恨而不是友好。而它所以倾向于仇恨，乃是因为它不满足，因为它深切地、也许还是无意识地感到它多少失去了人生的意义，感到除了自己之外，其他人也许都得到了自然给人享受的美好事情。

26. The modern civilization has led to people's hearts being more inclined towards hatred rather than friendship. The reason it tends towards hatred is because it is unsatisfied, because it deeply, perhaps even unconsciously, feels that it has lost some of the meaning of life, and feels that, besides itself, everyone else may have received the beautiful things that nature offers for enjoyment.

27. 快乐的生活必定在很大程度上属于静谧的生活，因为惟有在静谧的气氛中，真正的快乐才能存在。

27. A joyful life must belong to a significant extent to a tranquil life, for only in a tranquil atmosphere can genuine happiness exist.

28. 在罗素看来，汉字是一种使用表意符号的文字。语言学商，一般把汉字称为“词符文字”，把西洋字母称为“音素文字”，因此他的说法也没错。相较于西方的字母文字，他认为汉字存在以下几个缺陷。一是汉字字符繁多，识读、书写困难，不容易掌握，而西方只有26个字母。二是汉字在字典、目录等方面不好排序，无法使用新式的莱诺排铸机。三是汉字无法准确记音，不方便表达外来词汇，尤其是专业名词、专业术语。

28. In Russell's view, Chinese characters are a writing system using ideographic symbols. Linguists generally refer to Chinese characters as "logographic writing" and the Western alphabet as "phonetic writing," so his statement is not wrong. Compared to the Western alphabet-based writing systems, he believes that Chinese characters have several shortcomings. First, there are many Chinese character characters, making it difficult to recognize, write, and master them, while the West only has 26 letters. Second, Chinese characters are not easy to sort in dictionaries and catalogs, and cannot be used with the modern Linotype machine. Third, Chinese characters cannot accurately record sounds, making it inconvenient to express foreign words, especially technical terms and specialized terminology.

29. 忌妒者会说：是的，今天确是春光明媚的日子，鸟在歌唱，花在盛开，但我知道，西西里岛上的春光要美过一千倍，赫利孔山丛林中的鸟要唱得更悦耳，沙伦的玫瑰要比我家园中的更可爱。当他产生这些念头时，阳光暗淡了，鸟语变成了毫无意义的噪音，鲜花也似乎不值一顾。

29. The envious one would say: Yes, indeed, it is a day of bright spring today, with birds singing and flowers blooming, but I know that the spring on Sicily is a thousand times more beautiful, the birds in the woods of Helicon sing more melodiously, and the roses of Sharon are more charming than those in my own garden. When he has such thoughts, the sunlight dimmed, the bird songs turned into meaningless noise, and the flowers seemed unworthy of notice.

30. 典型的西方人希望自己能够尽可能多地改变所处的环境，典型的中国人则希望尽可能多地享受自然环境之美。

30. A typical Westerner wants to change the environment they are in as much as possible, while a typical Chinese person hopes to enjoy the beauty of nature as much as possible.

31. 在实际工作中，效率和我们投进去的感情是不成比例的，有时候感情简直就是效率的绊脚石，应有的态度是尽人事、听天命。

31. In practical work, the efficiency and the emotions we invest are not proportional. Sometimes, emotions can even be a stumbling block to efficiency. The proper attitude should be to do our best and leave the rest to fate.

32. 良好的人生是受行动和智慧指导的。

32. A good life is guided by action and wisdom.

33. 教导人们在不能确定时怎样生活下去而又不致为犹疑所困扰，也许这就是哲学在我们的时代仍然能为学哲学的人所作出的主要事情了。

33. Teaching people how to live when uncertain without being troubled by doubt may be the main thing that philosophy can still offer to those who study philosophy in our era.

34. 厌烦是一个极端重要的问题，因为人类的恶行中，至少有一半是由于对厌烦的恐惧引起的。

34. Boredom is an extremely important issue, because at least half of human misdeeds are caused by the fear of boredom.

35. 当你面临某种威胁时，应当认真而周密地思考一下究竟有什么严重的事情会发生。将可能的不幸正视过后，再找出一些稳妥的理由使你认定那毕竟不是什么了不得的大祸。这种理由总是存在的，因为一个人所能遇到最糟糕的事情，也决无影响宇宙的重要性。

35. When faced with some kind of threat, you should carefully and thoughtfully consider what serious consequences might actually occur. After facing up to the possible misfortunes, find some solid reasons to convince yourself that it is by no means a significant disaster. Such reasons always exist because even the worst things that a person can encounter cannot have any impact on the importance of the universe.

36. 我们的举动并不像我们想象的那么重要；我们的成功与失败也没有什么了不得。即使是令人肠断的悲伤也毁灭不了我们；那类似乎定要结束人生快乐的不幸，终会随着岁月的流逝而消失，到后来几乎连它们的痕迹也将从记忆中荡去。

36. Our actions are not as important as we imagine; neither our successes nor our failures are anything extraordinary. Even the heart-wrenching sadness cannot destroy us; those misfortunes that seem to end the joy of life will eventually fade away with the passage of time, and in the end, their traces will almost be erased from memory.

37. 人们对他人的抱怨，往往只是天生的私心对超出了正常范围的贪心的合理反应。

37. People's complaints about others are often just a reasonable response of innate selfishness to greed that exceeds the normal range.

38. 尊严、节制和例行公事已经扼杀了我们的艺术冲动，并禁锢了我们的爱，使它不再是丰富的、自由的和有创造性的，相反地却必然成为不愉快的和偷偷摸摸的。

38. Dignity, moderation, and routine have killed our artistic impulse and confined our love, making it no longer rich, free, and creative, but instead necessarily unpleasant and secretive.

39. 他发现对别人羡慕是困难的，而忌妒却是容易的。

39. He found it difficult to envy others, but jealousy was easy.

40. 幸福的要素是，我们的生活方式必渊源于我们自己的深邃的冲动，而非渊源于我们邻居或亲戚的偶然的嗜好与欲念。

40. The elements of happiness lie in the fact that our way of life must be rooted in our own profound impulses, rather than derived from the偶然 hobbies and desires of our neighbors or relatives.

41. 西方哲学家伯特兰·罗素提出西方应学习中国的生而有为,为而不持。

41. The Western philosopher Bertrand Russell proposed that the West should learn from China's philosophy of being active from birth and ceaseless action without attachment.

42. 哲学的目的在于以理论的方式理解这个世界。这件事对动物，对野人，甚至对绝大多数文明人来说都没有什么实际的重大意义。

42. The purpose of philosophy is to understand this world in a theoretical way. This does not have any real significant meaning for animals, for primitives, or even for the vast majority of civilized people.

43. 思想是颠覆性的，**性的，它充满破坏力，它令人震惊。思想对待特权，既有体制，以及安逸的旧习毫不留情。思想是伟大的，迅捷的，自由的。

43. Thoughts are subversive, *they are explosive, filled with destructive power, and they are shocking. They show no mercy towards privileges, whether they are institutional or the old habits of comfort. Thoughts are great, swift, and free.

44. 有理智的人会将自己不可取的行为看成是某些环境的产物，就像看别人的行为一样；避免的途径或者是通过更充分的认清这类行为的不可取，或者是通过在可能时避开促成这类行为的环境。

44. A reasonable person would view their unwise actions as products of certain environments, just as they would view others' actions; the ways to avoid them are either through a more thorough recognition of the unwise nature of such actions, or by avoiding the environments that may lead to such actions whenever possible.

45. 一个人出生时是无知的，但并不愚蠢，他是受了教育后变得愚蠢的。

45. A person is born ignorant, but not foolish; it is education that makes him foolish.

46. 假如中国人能自由地吸收我们文明中他们所需要的东西，而排斥那些他们觉得不好的东西，那么他们将能够在其自身传统中获得一种有机发展，并产生将我们的优点同他们自己的优点相结合起来的辉煌成就。

46. If the Chinese people could freely absorb what they need from our civilization while rejecting what they find undesirable, they will be able to achieve an organic development within their own tradition, and produce brilliant accomplishments that combine the merits of our civilization with their own.

47. 每当恐惧闯入他们的脑海，他们就努力去想别的事情；他们用娱乐、工作或诸如此类的事情来转移自己的思想。由于不敢正视，各种恐惧越发变得严重。

47. Whenever fear enters their minds, they strive to think of something else; they distract themselves with entertainment, work, or similar activities. Due to their reluctance to confront it, their fears become increasingly severe.

48. 爱情和知识，尽其可能地把我引上天堂，但是同情心总把我带回尘世。痛苦的呼唤经常在我心中回荡，饥饿的儿童，被压迫被折磨者，被儿女视为负担的无助的老人以及充满孤寂、贫穷和痛苦的整个世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。我渴望减轻这些不幸，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也深受其害。

48. Love and knowledge would as far as possible lead me to heaven, but compassion always brings me back to earth. The cries of pain often resonate in my heart, the hungry children, the oppressed and tormented, the helpless old people burdened by their children, and the whole world filled with loneliness, poverty, and suffering, all mock the life that humans should lead. I yearn to alleviate these miseries, but I am powerless to do so, and I myself am deeply affected by them.

49. 求助于科学和宗教，没有完美答案，更吊轨的是中国人大多还不信宗教。而哲学可以帮助我们，在很多问题没有答案的时候也能好好的生活下去，不至于被各种怀疑和忧虑所困扰。

49. Turning to science and religion for answers does not yield perfection, and what's even more perplexing is that most Chinese people still do not believe in religion. Philosophy, however, can help us, allowing us to live well even when there are no answers to many questions, and not be troubled by various doubts and worries.

50. 真正的预料是不可言说的，而可以被语言表达的则参与了推理。

50. The true anticipation is inexpressible, while that which can be expressed by language participates in reasoning.

51. 假如我们有一种能看出彼此想法的魔力，那么我猜想的第一种后果是，几乎所有的友谊都将解体；然而第二种后果倒是再好不过，因为没有友爱的世界令人无法忍受，所以我们应当学会彼此相爱，而无须制造假象来欺骗自己，说我们不曾以为彼此完美无缺。

51. If we had the magic power to see each other's thoughts, I suppose the first consequence would be that almost all friendships would dissolve; however, the second consequence would be the best one, because a world without love is unbearable, so we should learn to love each other without creating illusions to deceive ourselves into thinking we never thought each other was perfect.

52. 我寻求爱情，首先因为爱情给我带来狂喜，它如此强烈以致我经常愿意为了几小时的欢愉而牺牲生命中的其他一切。我寻求爱情，其次是因为爱情可以解除孤寂一那是一颗震颤的心，在世界的边缘，俯瞰那冰冷死寂、深不可测的深渊。我寻求爱情，最后是因为在爱情的结合中，我看到圣徒和诗人们所想像的天堂景象的神秘缩影。这就是我所寻求的，虽然它对人生似乎过于美好，然而最终我还是得到了它。

52. I seek love, first and foremost because love brings me ecstacy, so intense that I often find myself willing to sacrifice everything else in life for just a few hours of joy. I seek love, secondly because love can dispel loneliness – that is a trembling heart, on the edge of the world, overlooking the cold, silent, unfathomable abyss. I seek love, finally because in the union of love, I see the mysterious epitome of the heavenly visions imagined by saints and poets. This is what I seek, though it seems too beautiful for life, yet in the end, I still obtained it.

53. 被儿女们视为可憎的负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑柄。我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。

53. Helpless old people, detested as a burden by their children, along with this whole world filled with loneliness, poverty, and suffering, have turned the human life that should be lived into a laughingstock. I long to reduce evil, but I am powerless, and I myself am suffering tortures.

54. 最后，关于汉字不好表达外来词汇的问题，也有解决办法，例如音译、意译、音译加意译。比如英文中的“CocaCola”，中文翻译为“可口可乐”，就是音译加意译的体现。另外，还有直接挪用外来词汇，例如“WTO”等，把一长串的英文直接简写成两三个字母，岂不是更简单？

54. Lastly, regarding the issue of Chinese characters not being good at expressing foreign vocabulary, there are also solutions, such as transliteration, free translation, and a combination of both. For example, the English word "Coca-Cola" is translated into Chinese as "可口可乐," which is an example of a combination of transliteration and free translation. Additionally, there is also the direct adoption of foreign vocabulary, such as "WTO," which simplifies a long string of English words into just two or three letters, isn't that even simpler?

55. 有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的怜悯。

55. There are three simple yet incredibly strong passions that have shaped my entire life: the longing for love, the pursuit of knowledge, and the compassion for human suffering.

56. 社会团结与个人自由始终处于一种冲突和妥协的状态。

56. Social cohesion and individual freedom are always in a state of conflict and compromise.

57. 这样的问题既简单又复杂，既重大又往往被人忽视。人为什么活着？实际上这是人类始终关心的一个哲学命题，是人类对自身永恒的追问。罗素作为一个伟大的思想家、哲学家，他用文学的笔法，对这个永恒的命题作出了响亮的回答。

57. Such questions are both simple and complex, both significant and often overlooked. Why do humans live? This is actually a philosophical issue that has always concerned humanity, a perpetual inquiry into the eternal self. Russell, as a great thinker and philosopher, answered this eternal proposition with a resounding response through the pen of literature.

58. 我们已经进化到了一定阶段，但并不是最后的阶段。我们必须迅速走过这一阶段，否则我们中的大部分人都会在中途死去，而剩下的人则会迷失在怀疑与恐惧的密林里。

58. We have evolved to a certain stage, but it is not the final stage. We must quickly pass through this stage, otherwise most of us will die in the middle, and the rest will be lost in the dense forest of doubt and fear.

59. 这个世界最大的问题就是蠢人和狂徒自命不凡，而智者却满腹疑虑。

59. The biggest problem in this world is that愚蠢的人和狂妄之徒自视甚高, while the wise are full of doubts.

60. 烦闷的本质之一，是现实环境与让人想入非非的更愉快的环境之间存在着反差。

60. One of the essences of boredom is the contrast between the real environment and a more pleasant environment that incites daydreaming.

61. 哲学和神学一样，思考那些我们还没有确切答案的事情。但是，抛弃了神学的教条，转而采用科学的、理性的研究方法。

61. Just like theology, philosophy contemplates those things for which we do not have definite answers. However, it abandons the dogmas of theology and instead adopts scientific and rational research methods.