1. 自由是对必然的认识。

1. Freedom is the recognition of necessity.

2. 世界历史即是世界审判揭示了其历史观兼有神义论和人义论的双重品格。

2. The world history is the world's judgment, which reveals that its historical view has both the dual characteristics of theodicy and humanism.

3. 纪律是自由的第一条件。

3. Discipline is the first condition for freedom.

4. 自卑往往伴随着怠惰，往往是为了替自己在其有限目的的俗恶气氛中苟活下去作辩解。这样一种谦逊是一文不值的。

4. Self-doubt is often accompanied by laziness, and is often used as an excuse to survive in the vulgar atmosphere of its limited goals. Such humility is worth nothing.

5. 只有那些躺在坑里、从不仰望高处的人，才会没有出头之日。

5. Only those who lie in the pit and never look up towards the heights will never have a day to rise.

6. 一个真正的艺术家不应当只是单一的画家，应是兴趣广泛的多面手。

6. A true artist should not merely be a single painter; they should be a versatile individual with a wide range of interests.

7. 无知者是不自由的，因为和他对立的是一个陌生的世界。

7. The ignorant are not free, because what stands opposed to them is a world that is alien.

8. 人们往往把任性也叫做自由，但是任性只是非理性的自由，人性的选择和自决都不是出于意志的理性，而是出于偶然的动机以及这种动机对感性外在世界的依赖。

8. People often refer to任性 as freedom as well, but任性 is merely irrational freedom. The choices and self-determination of human nature are not based on the rationality of will, but rather on accidental motives and the dependence of these motives on the sensory external world.

9. 只有永远躺在泥坑里的人，才不会再掉进坑里。

9. Only those who forever lie in the mud pit will never fall into it again.

10. 现实中无法解决的困惑，就到哲学里去寻找答案。

10. Seek answers in philosophy for confusion that cannot be resolved in reality.

11. 一个人如果把从别人那里学来的东西算作自己的发现，这也很接近于虚骄。

11. If a person counts what they have learned from others as their own discovery, this is also very close to arrogance.

12. 哗啦哗啦把自己的事业讲给大家听的人，他的价值一定是毫不足道的。切实苦干的人往往不是高谈阔论的，他们惊天动地的事业显示了他们的伟大，可是在筹划重大事业的时候，他们是默不作声的。

12. A person who talks endlessly about their own career is bound to be of little value. Those who work hard and diligently are often not given to grandiloquent speeches. Their earth-shattering achievements demonstrate their greatness, yet when planning major undertakings, they remain silent.

13. 家庭教育的另一个内容是培养子女的服从性，服从性的培养可以使子女产生长大成人的渴望。反之，如果不注意子女服从性的培养，他会变得唐突孟浪，傲慢无礼。

13. Another aspect of family education is to cultivate the obedience of children. The cultivation of obedience can inspire children with the desire to grow up and become adults. Conversely, if the cultivation of children's obedience is not paid attention to, they may become impertinent and overbearing, and show arrogance and rudeness.

14. 人类从历史中所得到的教训就是：人类从来不记取历史教训。

14. The lesson that humanity has learned from history is that humans never learn from historical lessons.

15. 最大的天才尽管朝朝暮暮躺在青草地上，让微风吹来，眼望着天空，温柔的灵感也始终不光顾他。

15. Even the greatest genius, though lying on the grassy ground from morning till evening, letting the gentle breeze blow, gazing at the sky, the tender inspiration still never visits him.

16. 只有经过长时间完成其发展的艰苦工作，并长期埋头沉没于其中的任务，方可有所成就。

16. Only through arduous work over a long period of time, and by long-term immersion in the tasks at hand, can one achieve anything.

17. 有一些宝贵的东西作为它的目标时，生活才有价值。

17. Life is meaningful only when there are some precious things as its goals.

18. 假如没有热情，世界上任何伟大的事业都不会成功。

18. Without passion, no great cause in the world can succeed.

19. 点评：通常所称古希腊的民主政治其实就是其城邦政治，城邦本身的一些自然和社会特点必然会对古希腊民主政治产生重大影响，所以在研究研究某种文明模式之时必须综合分析多种因素，才能达到对这种文明模式精髓的理解和把握，而不能一味的模仿和照搬。

19. Review: The so-called democratic politics of ancient Greece, as commonly referred to, is essentially its polis politics. Some natural and social characteristics of the polis itself necessarily have a significant impact on the democratic politics of ancient Greece. Therefore, when studying a certain civilization model, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze multiple factors in order to achieve an understanding and grasp of the essence of this civilization model, rather than blindly imitating and copying.

20. 我首先要求诸君信任科学，相信理性，信任自己，并相信自己。

20. I first ask you to trust in science, believe in reason, trust in yourself, and believe in yourself.

21. 试题分析：本题主要考查学生准确解读材料信息的能力，材料中文字含义强调海洋文明有助于个人自由思想的形成，个人的眼界较为开阔和行动也更加自由；而生活在平原上的人思想相对保守，结合所学不难判段出小国寡民的城邦制度限制了个人的行动自由，也不利于个人眼界的开阔，所以D项不是海洋文明的积极成果，而A B C三项则是海洋文明的积极影响的产物，答案选D。

21. Question Analysis: This question mainly tests the student's ability to accurately interpret material information. The text emphasizes that maritime civilization contributes to the formation of personal free thought, broadens personal horizons, and allows for greater freedom of action; while people living on the plains tend to be more conservative in thought. By combining what has been learned, it is not difficult to conclude that the city-state system of a small and sparse population restricts personal freedom of action and does not facilitate the broadening of personal horizons. Therefore, option D is not a positive outcome of maritime civilization, while options A, B, and C are the products of its positive impacts. The correct answer is D.

22. 在纯粹光明中就像在纯粹黑暗中一样，看不清什么东西。

22. In pure light, just as in pure darkness, it is impossible to see anything clearly.

23. 运伟大之思者，必行伟大之迷途。

23. Those who think greatly must also tread the path of great confusion.

24. 精神上的道德力量发挥了它的潜能，举起了它的旗帜，于是我们的爱国热情和正义感在现实中均得施展其威力和作用。

24. The moral power of the spirit has unleashed its potential, raised its flag, and thus our patriotic passion and sense of justice can fully exert their power and effects in reality.

25. 一个深刻的灵魂，即使痛苦，也是美的。

25. A profound soul is beautiful even in pain.

26. 世上不是缺少美，而是缺少发现美。

26. The world is not lacking in beauty, but in the ability to discover it.

27. 如果不是每个丈夫都觉得他的妻子美，至少是每个未婚夫都觉得他的未婚妻是美的。

27. If not every husband thinks his wife is beautiful, then at least every未婚夫 thinks his未婚妻 is beautiful.

28. 在这唯一的权力面前，没有东西能够维持一种独立的生存。

28. In the face of this sole power, nothing can sustain an independent existence.

29. 悲观的头脑，乐观的意志。

29. Pessimistic mind, optimistic will.

30. 如果说音乐是流动的建筑，那建筑物则是凝固的音乐。

30. If music is flowing architecture, then buildings are the frozen music.

31. 一个灰色的回忆，怎能抗衡现在的生动与自由。

31. How can a gray memory withstand the vividness and freedom of the present?

32. 目标有价值，生活才有价值。

32. A goal is valuable; life is valuable.

33. 现实的都是合理的，合理的都是存在的。

33. All that is real is reasonable, and all that is reasonable exists.

34. 凡是存在的就是合理的。

34. Whatever exists is reasonable.

35. 民族不是为了国家而存在的，民族是由国家创造的。

35. Nations do not exist for the sake of the state; nations are created by the state.

36. 与所爱的人长期相处的秘诀是：放弃改变对象的念头。

36. The secret to long-term companionship with the beloved is to abandon the desire to change the object.

37. 民必须体会到宪法是自己的权利，可以落实到实处。否则，宪法就只是徒有其表，不具有任何意义和价值。

37. The people must realize that the Constitution is their own right and can be implemented in practice. Otherwise, the Constitution will be just a shell without any meaning or value.

38. 理想的人物不仅要在物质需要的满足上，还要在精神旨趣的满足上得到表现。

38. The ideal character should be manifested not only in the satisfaction of material needs but also in the fulfillment of spiritual interests.

39. 方法不是外在的形式，而是内容的灵魂。

39. The method is not an external form, but the soul of the content.

40. 良心，它就是对它自己有了确信的精神。

40. Conscience, it is the spirit that has certainty about itself.

41. 有嫉妒心的人，自己不能完成伟大事业，便尽量去低估他人的伟大，贬抑他人的伟大性使之与他本人相齐。

41. Jealous individuals, unable to accomplish great things themselves, strive to belittle the greatness of others as much as possible, diminishing their greatness to match their own.

42. 人应尊敬他自己，并应自视能配得上最高尚的东西。

42. People should respect themselves and should regard themselves as worthy of the most noble things.

43. 一杯水是清澈的，但海水却是黑色的。就像小的道理可以说明，而真正的大道理是沉默的。

43. A glass of water is clear, but the sea is black. Just as small truths can be explained, but the truly profound truths are silent.

44. 真理是在漫长地发展着的认识过程在被掌握的，在这一过程在，每一步的直接继续。

44. Truth is being grasped in the long process of developing cognition, where each step is the direct continuation of the previous one.

45. 一个恶徒的犯罪思想也比天堂里的奇迹更伟大，更崇高。

45. The criminal thought of a villain is greater and more noble than the miracles in heaven.

46. 一个拥有真正美的心灵总是有所作为的，并且是一个实实在在的人。

46. A heart that truly possesses beauty is always engaged in action, and is a genuinely substantial person.

47. 一个志在有大成就的人，它必须如歌德所说，知道限制自己。反之，什么事都想做的人，其实什么事都不能做，而终归于失败。?>

47. A person aspiring for great achievements must, as Goethe said, know how to limit themselves. Conversely, a person who wants to do everything actually cannot do anything and will eventually end in failure.

48. 青春是生命中最美好的一段时间。

48. Youth is the most beautiful period in life.

49. 爱情确实有一种高尚的品质，因为它不只停留在性欲上，而且显出一种本身丰富的高尚优秀的心灵，要求以生动活泼，勇敢和牺牲的精神和另一个人达到统一。

49. Love indeed possesses a noble quality, as it does not merely停留在性欲上停留, but reveals a noble and excellent soul in itself, which seeks unity with another person through a lively, brave, and sacrificing spirit.

50. 在纯粹的光明中就像在纯黑暗中一样，看不清什么东西。

50. Just as in pure darkness, it is hard to see anything in pure brightness.

51. 任性和偏见就是自己个人主观的意见和意向，是一种自由，但这种自由还停留在奴隶的处境之内。

51.任性 and prejudice are the personal subjective opinions and intentions, which are a form of freedom; however, this freedom still remains within the situation of slavery.

52. 婚姻实质上是伦理关系。婚姻是具有法定意义的伦理性的爱。

52. Marriage is essentially an ethical relationship. Marriage is an ethical love that has legal significance.

53. 背起行囊，独自旅行。

53. Pack up your bags and travel alone.