1. 白头灯影凉宵里，一局残棋见六朝。钱谦益《金陵后观棋绝句六首·选一》

1. In the cool night, white hair's shadow and dimly lit, a game of chess left unfinished reveals the splendor of the Six Dynasties. -- From Qian Qianyi's "Six Poems on Seeing a Remaining Chess Game After a Journey to Jinling"

2. 男儿何不带吴钩，收取关山五十州。李贺《南园》

2. Why not wear a Wu hook, son, and conquer fifty states of the frontier mountains? From Li He's "South Garden".

3. 国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月，家书抵万金。白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。杜甫《春望》

3. The country is destroyed, but the mountains and rivers remain; in the spring, the city is lush with greenery. Moved by the times, flowers shed tears;恨别鸟鸣惊动人心。Beacon fires have been burning for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand in gold. My hair is getting shorter by the day, and I can barely manage to wear a hairpin. (This is a line from Du Fu's poem "Spring View.")

4. 烽火连三月，家书抵万金杜甫《春望》

4. For three months, the beacon fires were burning continuously, and a letter from home was worth ten thousand in gold. — Du Fu's "Spring View"

5. 晋武轻后事，惠皇终已昏。高適《登百丈峰二首》

5. Jin Wu neglected the affairs of the state, and Emperor Hui finally became foolish. (Translation from the poem "Two Poems on the Ascension of Baizhang Peak" by Gao Shu)

6. 十二阑干，故国三千里。王庭筠《凤栖梧·衰柳疏疏苔满地》

6. Twelve crossbeams, and three thousand miles away from the ancient land. From Wang Tingjun's poem "Phoenix Perching on a Wutong Tree · Sparse willow branches, moss everywhere on the ground."

7. 更催飞将追骄虏，莫遣沙场匹马还。严武《军城早秋》

7. More haste, more speed for the swift warriors to chase the proud enemies, do not let a single horse return from the battlefield. Yan Wu's "Early Autumn in the Military City."

8. 商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱《后庭花》。杜牧《泊秦淮》

8. The singing girl knows not the sorrow of the nation's fall, still singing "The Flower of the Rear Garden" across the river. From Du Mu's "Mooring at Qinhuai."

9. 可怜报国无路，空白一分头。杨炎正《水调歌头·登多景楼》

9. Alas, the poor soul with no way to serve the country, leaving a blank in his head. From Yang Yanzheng's "Shui Diao Gu头·Shang Dui Jing Lou"

10. 九天阊阖开宫殿，万国衣冠拜冕旒。王维《和贾舍人早朝大明宫之作》?>

10. The palace gates open wide, the emperors of ten realms bow before the royal crown. - From "Early Morning at the Great Ming Palace" by Wang Wei.

11. 奏恺乐，归皇都，班爵献俘邦国娱。何承天《战城南》

11. Play the grand music, return to the imperial capital, confer titles and present captives to entertain the nations. - He Chengtian's "South of the Battle Field"

12. 小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。李煜《虞美人·春花秋月何时了》

12. The little pavilion faced the east wind again last night, and the sight of my beloved country is unbearable under the bright moon. —Li Yu, "The Beauty of虞美人·Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon, When Will They End?"

13. 出不入兮往不反，平原忽兮路超远。屈原《国殇》

13. To come and not return, to go forth and not return, the plain is vast and the road is exceedingly distant. — Quotations from Qu Yuan's "The National Sorrow."

14. 怅然孤啸，青山故国，乔木苍苔。倪瓒《人月圆·伤心莫问前朝事》

14. With a melancholic howl, amidst the ancient mountains and my homeland, tall trees are covered with green moss. Ni Zan's "Ren Yue Yuan · Don't Ask About the Past Affairs of Sorrow."

15. 诗称国手徒为尔，命压人头不奈何。白居易《醉赠刘二十八使君》

15. Poem says the national master is only you, one's will cannot force over your head. From Bai Juyi's "Drunkly Gift to Liu Shiyi, the Marquis."

16. 使李将军，遇高皇帝，万户侯何足道哉。刘克庄《沁园春·梦孚若》

16. Meeting General Li with the Great Emperor, a marquis with ten thousand households is nothing to boast about. — Liu Kezhuang, "The Dream of Fu Ruo" (A Spring Song)

17. 四百万人同一哭，去年今日割**。秋逢甲《春愁》

17. Ten million people cry together, it was the day of the division last year. In autumn, encountering the year Jia, it's filled with spring sorrow.

18. 江雨霏霏江草齐，六朝如梦鸟空啼。韦庄《台城》

18. Rainy Jiang, lush Jiang grass, the Six Dynasties like a dream, birds only cry. Wei Zhuang's "Tai City"

19. 歌钟旋可望，衽席岂难行。张九龄《奉和圣制送尚书燕国公赴朔方》

19. The bell-shaped gong can be seen in the whirlwind, and a seat on the mat is not difficult to reach. - Zhang Jiying, "In Praise of the Emperor's Edict Sending Yan Guogong to the Northern Frontier"

20. 霸基弊不振，晋楚更张皇。柳宗元《咏三良》

20. The power base is weak and the decline is evident; Jin and Chu are even more desperate. Liu Zongyuan's "Praise of the Three Meritorious Men."

21. 愿得此身长报国，何须生入玉门关。戴叔伦《塞上曲二首》

21. May this body long serve the country, why must I enter the Yumen Pass alive? — From "Two Songs of the Frontier" by Dai Shu伦

22. 飞燕皇后轻身舞，紫宫夫人绝世歌。李白《阳春歌》

22. The Empress Feiyang danced gracefully, and the Lady of the Purple Palace sang a song unparalleled in the world. (From Li Bai's "Yang Chun Song")

23. 暖风熏得游人醉，直把杭州作汴州。林升《题临安邸》

23. The warm breeze intoxicates the travelers, making Hangzhou feel like Bianzhou. From Lin Sheng's poem "Title of Lin'an Mansion."

24. 殊方日落玄猿哭，旧国霜前白雁来。杜甫《九日五首·其一》

24. In the distant land, as the sun sets, the dark macaques cry; In the old country, before the frost, white cranes come. Du Fu, "Nine Days, Five Poems · The First"

25. 武侯祠堂常邻近，一体君臣祭祀同。杜甫《咏怀古迹五首·其四》

25. The temple of Wu Hou is often close by, where king and ministers together offer sacrifice. From Du Fu's "Five Poems on Ancient Sites · The Fourth."

26. 国仇未报心难死，忍作寻常泣别声。劝君莫惜头颅贵，留得中华史上名。何香凝《赠别廖仲恺》

26. The national enemies have not been avenged, and the heart is hard to die; endure the ordinary sound of weeping farewell. Advise you not to regret the value of your head, but leave your name in the history of the Chinese nation. He Xiangning "To Liu Zhongkai"

27. 杜鹃再拜忧天泪，精卫无穷填海心。黄遵宪《赠梁任父母同年》

27.杜鹃再次拜天泪，精卫永恒填海心。Huang Zunxian's "Presentation to Liang Ren and His Parents of the Same Year"

28. 下国卧龙空寤主，中原逐鹿不由人。温庭筠《过五丈原》

28. The dragon slumbering in the lesser land awakens only the ruler, the pursuit of power in the central plains does not depend on one's will. (This is a line from Wen Tingyun's poem "Passing by the Five-Mile Plain")

29. 旌蔽日兮敌若云，矢交坠兮士争先。屈原《国殇》

29. The banners block out the sun, enemies like clouds; arrows intersect and fall, and the soldiers vie in bravery. Qu Yuan's "The Lament of the Nation."

30. 抚剑长号归去也，千山风雨啸青锋。康有为《出都留别诸公》

30. Drawing the sword and blowing the long horn, I return; The thousand mountains and rains howl through the green blade. — Kang Youwei, "Leaving the Capital to Bid Farewell to the Public"

31. 但将千岁叶，常奉万年杯。赵彦昭《奉和元日赐群臣柏叶应制》

31. But hold the thousand-year-old leaf, always offering the cup of ten thousand years. Zhao Yanzhao, "Responding to the New Year's Day Edict by Offering Cypress Leaves to the Ministers"

32. 纷披乍依迥，掣曳或随风。李世民《咏兴国寺佛殿前幡》

32. The banners flutter and sway,随风或飘扬. Li Shimin's "Sung of the Banner in Front of the Hall of the Buddha in Xingguo Temple"

33. 僵卧孤村不自哀，尚思为国戍轮台。夜阑卧听风吹雨，铁马冰河入梦来。陆游《十一月四日风雨大作》

33. Lying stiffly in a solitary village, I do not mourn myself, but still think of guarding the Lintai Pass for my country. At midnight, lying on my bed, I listen to the wind and rain, and dream of horses charging through ice-rimmed rivers. From Lu You's poem "Great Storm on the Fourth of November."

34. 故国如尘，故人如梦，登高还懒。詹玉《醉蓬莱·归故山》

34. The homeland is like dust, and old friends are like dreams; I am still lazy to ascend a high place. Zhan Yu's "Drunk in the Sea of Stars · Returning to the Homeland."

35. 西施若解倾吴国，越国亡来又是谁。罗隐《西施》

35. If Xishi could have overturned the state of Wu, who would have fallen if the state of Yue had perished? — Luoyin's "Xishi"

36. 宫中羯鼓催花柳，玉奴弦索花奴手。苏轼《虢国夫人夜游图》

36. In the palace, the cymbals urge the blooming of flowers and willows, and the jade slave plucks the strings with the flower slave's hands. Su Shi's "The Night Tour of Lady Guo's Mansion".

37. 国破山河在，城春草木深。杜甫《春望》

37. The country may be in ruins, but mountains and rivers remain; in the city, spring brings deep growth of grass and trees. (From "Spring View" by Du Fu)

38. 国破山河落照红。朱敦儒《减字木兰花·刘郎已老》

38. The mountains and rivers are bathed in red as the country falls. Zhu Dunyu, "Jianzi Mulan - Liu Lang Has Grown Old"

39. 待罪居东国，泣涕常流连。曹植《怨歌行》

39. In exile in the Eastern realm, tears often flow in sorrow. This is from Cao Zhi's poem "The Song of Complaint."

40. 繁霜尽是心头血，洒向千峰秋叶丹。戚继光《望阙台》

40. The dense frost is all the blood in my heart, poured onto the autumn leaves of a thousand peaks, turning them red. — Qi Jiguang, "Looking at the Imperial Palaces"

41. 家国兴亡身独存，玉容还受楚王恩。汪遵《息国》

41. Amid the rise and fall of the state, my body alone remains, and my jade-like face still receives the grace of the King of Chu. — Wang Zun's poem "Xi Guo" (The Kingdom of Xi)

42. 时危见臣节，世乱识忠良。鲍照《代出自蓟北门行》

42. In times of peril, one's loyalty is tested; during chaos, the true and loyal are recognized. This is from Bao Zhao's poem "Substitute for Marching from Jini Gate in the North."

43. 天厌虏，臣离德。史达祖《满江红·九月二十一日出京怀古》

43. The heavens abhor the barbarians, and the loyal ministers depart from their allegiance. Shi Dazhu's "Man Jiang Hong - Reminiscing Ancient Times on the Twenty-first Day of the Ninth Month"

44. 为君既不易，为臣良独难。曹植《怨歌行》

44. It is not easy to be a loyal subject, but to be a loyal minister is even harder. This is from Cao Zhi's poem "The Song of Complaint."

45. 如何亡国恨，尽在大江东！屈大均《秣陵》

45. How the national sorrow is all in the east of the great river! Qu Dajun's "Mo Ling"

46. 四十年来家国，三千里地山河。李煜《破阵子·四十年来家国》

46. "Forty years in the land of my family, three thousand miles of mountains and rivers." - Li Yu, "Bajinzi - Forty Years in My Homeland"

47. 器乏雕梁器，材非构厦材。赵彦昭《奉和元日赐群臣柏叶应制》

47. The tools are not fit for carving ornate beams, the materials are not suitable for constructing a grand hall. A verse from Zhao Yanzhao's "Answering the Imperial Edict on New Year's Day: Gifts to the Ministers"

48. 靖康耻，犹未雪；臣子恨，何时灭！岳飞《满江红》

48. The耻 of Jinggang has not yet been avenged; the grievances of the ministers, when will they be extinguished! (The poem) "Red River Red" by Yue Fei.

49. 南北驱驰报主情，江花边草笑平生。戚继光《马上作》

49. South and north I gallop to express my loyalty, the river flowers and border grass laugh at my life. Qi Jiguang, "Written on Horseback"

50. 一箫一剑平生意，负尽狂名十五年。龚自珍《漫感》

50. A flute and a sword for life, carrying the reputation of recklessness for fifteen years. Gongsizhen's "Miscellaneous Thoughts"

51. 谁使神州，百年陆沉，青毡未还？怅晨星残月，北州豪杰。陈人杰《沁园春·丁酉岁感事》

51. Who has brought down the great land of China, submerged in the sea of time for a century, without the green felt returning? Bemoan the remaining stars and crescent moon, the heroic souls of the northern states. From Chen Renjie's "Spring Melody · Reflecting on Events of the Year Dingxu".

52. 国事如今谁倚仗，衣带一江而已。文及翁《贺新郎·西湖》

52. Now who relies on state affairs, it's just a river of clothes. Wen Jiwo's "Celebrating the New Year: West Lake"

53. 千锤万凿出深山，烈火焚烧若等闲。粉身碎骨浑不怕，要留清白在人间。于谦《石灰吟》

53. Through the pounding and chiseling from the deep mountain, the fierce fire burns as if it's a trivial matter. I am not afraid of being reduced to dust and bone, for I want to leave a spotless reputation among men. (This is from Yu Qin's poem "The Song of Lime.")

54. 大家齐唱大风歌。刘过《西江月·堂上谋臣尊俎》

54. Everyone sings the Great Wind Song together. From Liu Guo's poem "Xijiang Yue · Chamber Minister Esteemed and Bowls."