1. 这首诗作于宋光宗绍熙三年（1192年）的秋天，陆游当时在山阴（今浙江省绍兴市）。南宋时期，金兵占领了中原地区。诗人作此诗时，中原地区已沦陷于金人之手六十多年了。此时虽值初秋，暑威仍厉，使他不能安睡。将晓之际，他步出篱门，心头枨触，成此二诗。

1. This poem was written in the autumn of the third year of the Shaoxi reign of Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty (1192), when Lu You was in Shanyin (now the city of Shaoxing in Zhejiang Province). During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin army occupied the central plains region. When the poet wrote this poem, the central plains had been under the control of the Jin for over sixty years. Although it was early autumn at this time, the summer heat was still intense, preventing him from sleeping peacefully. As dawn approached, he stepped out of the fence gate, his heart stirred, and he composed these two poems.

2. 王师入秦驻一月，传檄足定河南北。

2. The king's troops occupied Qin for a month, issuing proclamations to stabilize the north and south of Henan.

3. 胸中有誓深如海，肯使神州竟陆沉！——郑思肖

3. The oath in my heart is as deep as the sea, I would let the whole of China sink if necessary! — Zheng Sishao

4. 忽记横戈盘马处。散关清渭应如故。

4. Forgetting the place where I once halted and turned my horse. The clear Wei River at the Shangguan Pass should still be as it used to be.

5. 归计未成留亦好，愁肠不用遶吴门。

5. It's fine to leave without a settled account, for the sorrowful intestines should not twist around Wumen.

6. 逆胡未灭心未平，孤剑床头铿有声。

6. The Xihu has not been vanquished, my heart remains restless; by my bed, the solitary sword clinks with a resounding sound.

7. 死去原知万事空，但悲不见九州同。王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告 乃翁。——宋·陆游《示儿》

7. Knowing that all things are empty in death, yet I grieve that I cannot see the unity of all nine provinces. On the day when the royal army subdues the Central Plains, do not forget to offer a sacrifice at home and inform your father of it. — Song Dynasty, Lu You, "To My Son"

8. ，金兵入侵中原，砸烂宋王朝的琼楼玉苑，掳走徽、钦二帝，赵宋王朝被迫南逃。后来，李清照之夫赵明诚出任建康知府。一天夜里，城中爆发叛乱，赵明诚不思平叛，反而临阵脱逃。

8. The Jin army invaded the Central Plains, smashing the jade pavilions and jade gardens of the Song Dynasty, and abducted the emperors Huizong and Qinzong, forcing the Zhao Song Dynasty to flee south. Later, Li Qingzhao's husband Zhao Mingcheng was appointed as the Governor of Jiankang. One night, a rebellion broke out in the city. Instead of dealing with the rebellion, Zhao Mingcheng deserted his post.

9. 风声雨声读书声，声声入耳；家事国事天下事，事事关心。——顾宪成

9. The sound of the wind, the sound of the rain, the sound of reading, every sound enters the ear; domestic affairs, national affairs, and world affairs, every matter concerns us. - Gu Xiancheng

10. 三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。——宋·陆游《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》

10. Ten thousand miles of the river flows east into the sea, five thousand feet of mountains touch the sky. The tears of the surviving people have dried up in the midst of the enemy's dust, and they look to the south, hoping for the king's troops, another year passes. — Song Dynasty, Lu You "Feeling Cool at the Gate of the Thicket at Dawn in the Autumn Night"

11. 臣心一片磁针石，不指南方不肯休。——文天祥

11. My heart is a compass needle, it will not rest unless it points to the south. - Wen Tianxiang

12. 羽箭雕弓，忆呼鹰古垒，截虎平川。

12. Fletched arrows and carved bows, recalling the ancient watchtowers where eagles were summoned, and crossing level plains to confront tigers.

13. 秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。－－王昌龄《出塞》

13. The moon is bright in Qin's time, the gate is closed in Han's time; The long march of ten thousand miles, the people have not returned. If the hero of Longcheng were still here, The Huns would not have crossed the Yin Mountain. – Wang Changling, "Song of the March to the Frontier"

14. 人生富贵岂有极？男儿要在能死国。——李梦阳

14. Is there an end to wealth and status in life? A man should strive to die for his country. — Li Mengyang

15. 一身报国有万死，双鬓向人无再青。

15. To dedicate oneself to the country is worth a hundred deaths, but the hair on one's temples can never turn back to its youthful black.

16. 瞒人之事弗为，害人之心弗存，有益国家之事虽死弗避。——吕坤

16. Do not do things that deceive others, do not harbor harmful intentions towards others, and even if it means facing death, do not avoid doing things that are beneficial to the country. — Lu Kun

17. 人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。——文天祥

17. Throughout the ages, who among us does not die? Let a loyal heart illuminate history. - Wen Tianxiang

18. 背景：这首诗见于文天祥《文山先生全集》，当作于公元1279年（宋祥兴二年）。公元1278年（宋祥兴元年），文天祥在广东海丰北五坡岭兵败被俘，押到船上，次年过零丁洋时作此诗。随后又被押解至崖山，张弘范逼迫他写信招降固守崖山的张世杰、陆秀夫等人，文天祥不从，出示此诗以明志。

18. Background: This poem is found in Wen Tianxiang's "Complete Works of Wen Shan Xian Shen," and is believed to have been written in the year 1279 (the second year of the Xiangxing era of the Song Dynasty). In 1278 (the first year of the Xiangxing era), Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured at Beiwupoling in Haifeng, Guangdong. He was imprisoned on a ship, and wrote this poem when he passed by the Lingdingyang Strait the following year. Subsequently, he was transferred to Yashan, where Zhang Hongfan forced him to write a letter to persuade Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, who were holding out at Yashan, to surrender. Wen Tianxiang refused, and showed this poem to express his resolve.

19. 扈跸老臣身万里，天寒来此听江声！

19. Accompanying the emperor, the old minister travels ten thousand miles, coming here to listen to the sound of the river in the cold!

20. 秋到边城角声哀，烽火照高台。

20. Autumn arrives at the edge city, the corner sounds the sorrowful horn, beacon fires illuminate the high tower.

21. 位卑未敢忘忧国，事定犹须待阖棺。

21. Despite my low position, I have never forgotten my concern for the country; after matters are settled, one still awaits the final closing of the coffin.

22. 平生万里心，执戈王前驱。

22. A heart wandering ten thousand miles, I march before the king with a sword in hand.

23. 一身之利无谋也，而利天下者则谋之；一时之利无谋也，而利万世者则谋之。——胡宏

23. Personal benefits are not to be sought after; but those who seek the benefits of the whole world should seek them; short-term benefits are not to be sought after; but those who seek the benefits for ten thousand generations should seek them. — Hu Hong

24. 早岁那知世事艰，中原北望气如山。

24. In my early years, who knew the world's hardships? Gazing to the north of the Central Plains, my spirit is as solid as a mountain.

25. 李清照为国为夫感到耻辱，在路过乌江时，有感于项羽的悲壮，创作此诗，同时也有暗讽南宋王朝和自己丈夫之意。

25. Li Qingzhao felt ashamed for her country and husband, and upon passing by the Wujiang River, she was moved by Xiang Yu's tragic heroism and composed this poem. At the same time, she also subtly mocked the Southern Song Dynasty and her own husband.

26. 公卿有党排宗泽，帷幄无人用岳飞。

26. The officials formed factions, excluding Zong Ze; in the inner tent, Yue Fei was not employed.

27. 国仇未报壮士老，匣中宝剑夜有声。

27. The heroic warrior grows old with the national enemy's grudge unavenged, the treasured sword in the box makes a sound at night.

28. 此时爱国诗人陆游被罢斥归故乡，在山阴乡下向往着中原地区的大好河山，也惦念着中原地区的人民，盼望宋朝能够尽快收复中原，实现统一。此时虽值初秋，暑威仍厉，天气的热闷与心头的煎沸，使他不能安睡。将晓之际，他步出篱门，以舒烦热，心头怅触，写下这两首诗。

28. At this time, the patriotic poet Lu You was dismissed and returned to his hometown, longing for the beautiful rivers and mountains of the Central Plains in the countryside of Shanyin, and also thinking of the people there. He hoped that the Song Dynasty could quickly recover the Central Plains and achieve reunification. Although it was early autumn at this time, the heat was still fierce, and the hot and闷 weather, along with the boiling in his heart, prevented him from sleeping peacefully. As dawn approached, he stepped out of the hedge gate to relieve the heat and烦闷, and his heart was touched, prompting him to write these two poems.

29. 君子之为学也，将以成身而备天下国家之用也。——宋纁

29. The gentleman in his pursuit of learning aims to cultivate himself and to be prepared for the use of the entire world and the countries within it. —— Song Huan

30. 愿公思此宽羁旅，静胜炎曦岂易侵。?>

30. May the noble one consider this wide restriction on travel, tranquility is far superior to the scorching sun which is not easily invasive.

31. 辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。—文天祥《过零丁洋》

31. Through hardship and adversity, a poem takes shape, amidst the silence of war, the stars of the four seasons are scattered. The mountains and rivers are shattered, the wind blows away the drifting snowflakes, and my life rises and falls like a lotus leaf being beaten by the rain. I speak of fear at the bank of the Huangtong River, and sigh in solitude in the Linding Strait. Since ancient times, who among us can escape death? Let a loyal heart illuminate the annals of history. — Wen Tianxiang, "Crossing the Linding Strait"

32. 平生铁石心，忘家思报国。

32. A lifelong iron and stone heart, forgetting the home to think of reporting to the country.

33. 苟以国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之 ——林则徐

33. If one's life and death are intertwined with the nation, how can one avoid or seek out fortune and misfortune? — Lin Zexu

34. 遗民忍死望恢复，几处今宵垂泪痕。

34. The remnants endure death in hope of restoration, and several places shed tears tonight.

35. 背景：《示儿》诗为陆游的绝笔，作于宋宁宗嘉定二年十二月（公元1210年元月）。此时陆游八十五岁，一病不起，在临终前，给儿子们写下了这首诗。这既是诗人的遗嘱，也是诗人发出的最后的抗战号召。

35. Background: The poem "Show Your Children" is Lu You's last literary work, written in December of the second year of the Jia ding period under Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty (January 1210 AD). At this time, Lu You was eighty-five years old, bedridden from illness, and before his death, he wrote this poem to his sons. This was not only the poet's will but also his last call to arms in the fight against the enemy.

36. 千年史册耻无名，一片丹心报天子。

36. In the annals of a thousand years, shame it is to be nameless; with a loyal heart, I dedicate myself to serve the emperor.

37. 夜视太白收光芒，报国欲死无战场。

37. The Night Vision Tai Bai (the star Vega) withdraws its brilliance, and the desire to sacrifice oneself for one's country has no battlefield.

38. 壮心未与年俱老，死去犹能作鬼雄。

38. The bold spirit does not grow old with age; even after death, it remains the hero of ghosts.

39. 遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。

39. The tears of the remnants have dried in the dust of the Hu, and another year has passed with the southern gaze towards the King's army.

40. 背景：王昌龄所处的时代，正值盛唐，这一时期，长安是东方文明的千年古都，世界的中心，唐天子是天可汗，全民族的自信心极强，边塞诗人的作品中，多能体现一种慷慨激昂的向上精神。 在这时如果不是追忆秦汉时的艰难，写唐的胡马南下，简直是杞人忧天。

40. Background: During the time when Wang Changling lived, it was the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. During this period, Chang'an was the ancient capital of Eastern civilization, the center of the world, and the Tang emperor was the Great Khan, with the national confidence at an all-time high. In the works of frontier poets, there was often a spirit of generosity and enthusiasm. At this time, if one were not reminiscing about the hardships of the Qin and Han dynasties, or writing about the southern migration of the Huns in the Tang Dynasty, it would be like worrying unnecessarily.

41. 虽三户能抗秦，岂有堂堂中国空无人。

41. Even if three households could resist the Qin Dynasty, could there possibly be a mighty China with no one in it?

42. 译文：三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄上摩青天。中原人民在胡人压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。

42. Translation: The Yellow River, 30,000 miles long, surges eastward into the sea, while Mount Hua, 5,000 feet high, reaches into the clouds and touches the blue sky. Under the oppression of the Huns, the people of the Central Plains have shed all their tears, and they have been longing for the northern campaign of the king's army for year after year.

43. 小楼一夜听春雨，深巷明朝卖杏花。

43. Listening to spring rain all night in a small pavilion, selling peach blossoms in the deep alley in the morning.

44. 译文：回想我早年由科举入仕历尽辛苦，如今战火消歇已熬过了四个年头。国家危在旦夕恰如狂风中的柳絮，个人又哪堪言说似骤雨里的浮萍。惶恐滩的惨败让我至今依然惶恐，零丁洋身陷元虏可叹我孤苦零丁。人生自古以来有谁能够长生不死？我要留一片爱国的丹心映照史册。

44. Translation: Reflecting on my early years of entering the civil service through the imperial examination, I have endured much hardship. Now, with the war fires subsiding, I have already endured four years. The country is in imminent danger, just like willow catkins in a fierce gale, and as for myself, I am as insignificant as a lotus leaf in a sudden downpour. The惨败 at Huangtong滩 still haunts me to this day, and being trapped in the Yuan forces at Lingdingyang is truly a sorrowful and solitary experience. Since ancient times, who can live forever and never die? I want to leave behind a piece of patriotic passion that will shine in the annals of history.

45. 背景：作于宋光宗绍熙三年（1192年）的秋天，当时陆游已经六十八岁，罢归山阴（今浙江绍兴）故里已经四年。但平静的村居生活并不能使老人的心平静下来。南宋时期，金兵占领了中原地区。诗人作此诗时，中原地区已沦陷于金人之手六十多年了。

45. Background: Written in the autumn of the third year of the Shaoxi era of Song Guangzong (1192), when Lu You was already sixty-eight years old, he had returned to his hometown of Shanyin (now in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) after his retirement for four years. However, the tranquil village life was unable to calm the old man's heart. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin troops occupied the central plains region. When the poet wrote this poem, the central plains region had been under the control of the Jin people for over sixty years.

46. 白首自知疏报国，尚凭精意祝炉熏。

46. In my old age, I know I have neglected my duty to the country, yet I still rely on my pure intentions to offer incense at the altar.

47. 王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。

47. The day the king's troops conquer the Central Plains, do not forget to offer sacrifices at home and inform your father.

48. 诸公可叹善谋身，**当时岂一秦。

48. It is regrettable for all of you to be so skilled at plotting for your own interests; at that time, it was not just one Qin.

49. 平生铁面心，忘家思报国。 ——陆游

49. All my life, I have maintained an iron face and a steadfast heart; I have forgotten my family in my thoughts of serving my country. — Lu You

50. 宋宁宗五年，诗人在冬日寒冷的夜晚，沉醉于书房，乐此不疲地啃读诗书。窗外，北风呼啸，冷气逼人，诗人在静寂的夜里，抑制不住心头奔腾踊跃的情感，写下了这首哲理诗并满怀深情地送给了儿子子聿。

50. In the fifth year of the Song Ningzong reign, the poet, immersed in the cold winter night, was deeply engrossed in his study room, tirelessly reading poetry and books. Outside, the north wind howled, and the cold air was piercing. In the quiet of the night, the poet could not suppress the surging emotions in his heart, and wrote this philosophical poem, which he sincerely presented to his son, Ziyu.

51. 山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。

51. Cliffs and mountains rise, rivers wind, and it seems there is no road; then, under the shadow of willows and the brightness of flowers, another village appears.