1. 既然面对同类时任何人都没有天生的权威，既然强力无法产生任何权利，那么人间一切合法权威的基础就只剩下契约了。

1. Since no one has an innate authority when facing their equals, and since force cannot generate any rights, the basis for all legitimate authority in human society is left only with contracts.

2. 法律的效力和护法者的权威消失了的地方，任何人都得不到安全和自由。

2. Where the authority of the law and the enforcers of the law disappear, no one can find safety and freedom.

3. 法律乃是改革的主要力量，是解决冲突的首要渠道。

3. Law is the main force for reform and the primary channel for resolving conflicts.

4. 对强力的屈服，只是一种必要的行为，而不是一种意志的选择，它顶多也不过是一种聪明的行为！

4. Yielding to strength is merely a necessary act, not a choice of will, and at most it is a clever behavior!

5. 在世界各主要文明中，中国是距离法治最为遥远的一种，甚至与欧洲形成了两极相对的反差。——滋贺秀兰

5. Among the major civilizations of the world, China is the one that is furthest from the rule of law, even forming a polar contrast with Europe. – Akiko Suzuki

6. 社会条约的目的是保护缔约者。要想达到目的就必须使用手段，而这些手段和某些冒险，甚至和某些牺牲是分不开的。如果一个人在保全自己生命的时候要依靠别人，那么当别人的生命需要得到保护时，他也要献出自己的生命。

6. The purpose of the social contract is to protect the contracting parties. In order to achieve this goal, means must be employed, and these means are inseparable from certain risks, even from certain sacrifices. If a person relies on others to preserve their own life, then when the life of others needs protection, they must also be willing to sacrifice their own life.

7. 民众对权利和审判的漠不关心的态度对法律来说，是一个坏兆头。 ——庞德

7. The indifferent attitude of the people towards rights and justice is a bad omen for the law. — Pound

8. （五听） 官来伙反内惟过，（五过） 群臣官吏刺国人。（司法三刺） 春秋战国 郑铸刑书晋铸鼎，（名称不同，也有先后，但都在鼎上铸） 邓析私杀用竹刑。

8. (The Five Auditions) When officials come, they turn against the inner court; (The Five Wrongs) ministers and officials stab at the citizens. (Three Auditions in Judicial Proceedings) During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, Zheng铸ed the criminal code on bronze vessels, while Jin铸ed the tripod; (the names are different, and there is also a sequence, but they were all cast on tripods) Deng Xi privately executed with bamboo laws.

9. 切记：不要指望别人保护自己，不要以为功可抵过，保护自己的最好办法是遵纪守法。

9. Remember: Do not expect others to protect you, do not think that achievements can outweigh faults. The best way to protect yourself is to abide by laws and regulations.

10. 法律的制定是为了保证每一个人自由发挥自己的才能，而不是为了束缚他的才能。——（法）罗伯斯庇尔

10. The establishment of law is meant to ensure that everyone can freely develop their talents, not to束缚 their talents. —— (French) Robespierre

11. 遵纪守法，挡得住诱惑，耐得住寂寞，甘受于清平。

11. Abide by laws and regulations, resist temptation, endure solitude, and be content with tranquility and peace.

12. 它至少包含了两层意思。首先，man is naturally good，while is corrupted by society这个good就包含了自然的自由。其次，社会作为人的枷锁无法被去除。也即人无法回到二论《论不平等》所勾勒的自然状态中去。

12. It contains at least two meanings. Firstly, "man is naturally good" implies that this good includes the natural freedom. Secondly, society, as a yoke for humans, cannot be removed. This means that humans cannot return to the natural state outlined in the Second Treatise of "On the Origin of Inequality."

13. 法律又是什么？法律就是取得胜利、掌握国家政权的阶级的意志的表现。

13. What is law again? Law is the manifestation of the will of the class that has achieved victory and seized the state power.

14. 根本就不存在没有法律的自由，也不存在任何人是高于法律之上的。无须问何以人们既是自由的而又要服从法律，因为法律只不过是我们自己意志的记录。法律只不过是社会结合的条件。服从法律的人民就应当是法律的创作者；规定社会条件的，只能是那些组成社会的人们。

14. There is no freedom without law, nor is there anyone who is above the law. It is unnecessary to ask why people are both free and subject to the law, because the law is merely the record of our own will. The law is simply the condition of social union. The people who obey the law should be the creators of the law; only those who compose the society can determine the social conditions.

15. 如果说强大的统治者造就了最初的奴隶，而奴隶自己的怯懦永远使他们当奴隶。

15. If it is said that powerful rulers created the first slaves, and the slaves' own cowardice forever keeps them in slavery.

16. 我之所以说法律的对象永远是普遍性的，是因为法律考虑的是臣民的共同体和抽象的行为，而不是个别人和个别的行为。所以，法律可以规定各种特权，但是却不能把这种特权明确赋予任何一个人；法律可以把公民划分为若干等级，甚至规定各个等级的资格和权利，但是却不能规定个人是属于哪个等级的；法律可以确立一种王朝政府和一种世袭的继承制，但是却不能选定国王和王室。总之，立法权利中没有与个别对象有关的职能。

16. The reason why I say that the object of law is always universality is because law considers the community of subjects and abstract actions, rather than individual persons and individual actions. Therefore, law can stipulate various privileges, but it cannot explicitly grant such privileges to any one individual; law can classify citizens into several ranks, even stipulate the qualifications and rights of each rank, but it cannot determine which rank an individual belongs to; law can establish a monarchy and an inherited system of succession, but it cannot select the king and the royal family. In summary, there is no function in legislative rights related to individual objects.

17. 它必须具备成长的原则。——著名大法官卡多左

17. It must possess the principles of growth. – Renowned Supreme Court Justice Cardozo.

18. 社会条约的目的是保护缔约者。要想达到目的就必须使用手段，而这些手段和某些冒险，甚至和某些牺牲是分不开的。如果一个人在保全自己生命的时候要依靠别人，那么当别人的生命需要得到保护时，他也要献出自己的生命。而且公民自己也不应该去判断法律要求他去冒的是哪种危险。当君主对他说你要为了国家***，他就应该***；正因为如此，他才一直都享受着安全，这样他的生命才不是单纯的自然的恩赐，而是国家的一种有条件的赠礼。

18. The purpose of the social contract is to protect the contracting parties. In order to achieve this purpose, means must be employed, and these means are inseparable from certain risks, even certain sacrifices. If a person has to rely on others to preserve his own life, then when the life of others needs protection, he should also sacrifice his own life. Moreover, citizens themselves should not judge the kind of danger required by the law to be undertaken. When the monarch tells him that he must sacrifice for the sake of the country***, he should***; it is precisely because of this that he has always enjoyed security, and thus his life is not merely a natural gift, but a conditional gift from the state.

19. （法律形式：事例、成例、条例、则例） 大清会典仿明政，（行政法） 文字无狱类大逆。（虽无“文字罪”，但将其视为“大逆”） 晚清 现行刑律渡新律，（清楚哪个是过度性的） 首创商律和民草。

19. (Legal Forms: Cases, Precedents, Regulations, Codes) The Great Qing Code imitated the Ming government's policies, (Administrative Law) the text did not include a category for major treason. (Although there was no "textual crime," it was considered as "major treason"). In late Qing Dynasty, the current criminal law was replaced by new laws, (clearing which is transitional) it first introduced commercial law and civil codes.

20. 在一个法治的政府之下，善良公民的座右铭是什么？那就是“严格地服从，自由地批判”。——边沁

20. Under a government of the rule of law, what is the motto of a good citizen? It is "to obey strictly, to criticize freely." — Bentham

21. 宪法是一个无穷尽的、一个国家的世代人都参与对话的流动的话语。——劳伦·却伯

21. The Constitution is an endless, flowing discourse in which the generations of a nation all participate in dialogue. — Laurence Chuber

22. 莫道我最大，天下法最大，莫道法无情，只要莫违法。

22. Do not say that I am the greatest, the law of the world is the greatest. Do not say that the law is heartless, as long as you do not break the law.

23. 1关于法律的名言警句

24. 法律研究的目的是一种预测，即对公共权力通过法院的工具性的活动产生影响的预测。

23. 1 Famous sayings and proverbs about law 24. The purpose of legal research is a prediction, that is, a prediction of the impact of the instrumental activities of public power through the courts.

25. 法律作为一种规定，它自身的约束力弱于欲望，它只能是限制人们而无法改变人们。

25. As a regulation, law has a weaker binding force than desire; it can only restrict people but cannot change them.

26. 服从法律：无论是我或任何人都不能摆脱法律的光荣的束缚。

26. Obedience to the Law: Neither I nor anyone else can escape the honorable constraints of the law.

27. 《和郑闳中仙居十一首》——宋代 陈襄

27. "Eleven Poems in Memory of Zheng Hongzhong's Immortal Residence" — Song Dynasty, Chen Xiang

28. 我们将以自己忍受苦难的能力，来较量你们制造苦难的能力。我们将用我们灵魂的力量，来抵御你们物质的暴力。我们不会对你们诉诸仇恨，但是我们也不会屈服于你们不公正的法律。你们可以继续干你们想对我们干的暴行，然而我们仍然爱你们。

28. We will measure your ability to create suffering with our own capacity to endure it. We will use the strength of our souls to resist your material violence. We will not appeal to hatred against you, but we will also not submit to your unjust laws. You can continue to commit the atrocities you wish against us, yet we still love you.

29. （法律宣布废，但后世还有） 北魏胡刑鞭与杖，（胡人之刑：鞭与杖） 齐律启后又承前。（齐律地位很高，但说隋律有承前启后也是正确的） 隋 隋文炀帝开皇律，莫要十罪要十恶。

29. (The law was abolished, but there were still some remnants in later generations) The Northern Wei's Hu criminal鞭与杖 (the criminal punishment for the Hu people:鞭与杖), followed the Qi law after its opening. (The status of the Qi law was very high, but it is also correct to say that the Sui law continued the legacy and opened the way for the future.) Sui: Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty promulgated the Kaifeng Law, which did not require ten crimes to be punished with ten evil acts.

30. （贞观之治） 永徽高宗唐疏议，（高宗年代作永微疏议，史称唐疏议，） 刑统汇编政六典。（刑法汇编；行政法典） 公罪私罪吏忧喜，（公罪轻私罪重，官吏两为难） 未举自首揭自新。

30. (The治理贞观) The Yonghui Emperor of Tang Dynasty's expositions (expositions written during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, known as the Tang Dynasty's expositions), compiling the Code of Criminal Law and the Code of Administrative Law. (Compilation of criminal law; administrative law code) Public crimes and private crimes, officials' worries and joys (public crimes are light and private crimes are heavy, officials are at a dilemma), not mentioning self-surrender, revealing self-improvement.

31. 解释法律系法律学之开端，并为其基础，系一项科学性工作，但又为一种艺术。 ——萨维尼

31. "Interpretation of law is the beginning of juridical science and its foundation, it is a scientific work yet also an art." — Savigny

32. 白话译文：确立法令的目的是为了废止私行。法令得以贯彻，私行就必被废止。

32. Literal Translation: The purpose of establishing laws and regulations is to abolish private practices. If the laws and regulations are implemented, private practices will necessarily be abolished.

33. 人民永远是希望自己幸福的，但是人民自己却并不能永远都看得出什么是幸福。

33. The people always wish for their own happiness, but they themselves are not always able to discern what happiness truly is.

34. 法院是法律帝国的首都，法官是帝国的王侯。——（美）德沃金

34. The court is the capital of the empire of law, and the judges are the nobility of the empire. - (US) Dworkin.

35. （邓析私写竹刑，被王杀之，但用其竹刑，讽刺） 盗贼网捕魏杂具，（魏国李悝做法经六章） 商鞅律改法治秦。（秦改法为律，有内涵） 轻罪重刑法经论，（重刑原则） 六禁杂典具总则。

35. (Deng Xi secretly wrote the Bamboo Code, and was killed by the king, but his Bamboo Code was still used, with讽刺) Bandits set traps to catch the We state's miscellaneous equipment, (Li Kui of the We state formulated the Six Chapters of the Law) Shang Yang's law reforms govern the Qin state. (The Qin state changed laws into codes, with connotations) The Code of Laws discusses light and heavy penalties, (the principle of heavy penalties) and the General Principles of the Miscellaneous Code include six prohibitions.

36. 由于有法律才能保障良好的举止，所以也要有良好的举止才能维护法律。——马基雅弗利

36. Since law can guarantee good conduct, good conduct is also necessary to uphold the law. — Niccolò Machiavelli

37. 所以我们都不希望这个社会发生太过剧烈的变化。——贺卫方

37. Therefore, none of us wants the society to undergo too drastic a change. — He Weifang

38. 法律，在它支配着地球上所有人民的场合，就是人类的理性。

38. Law, in the instances where it governs all the people of the earth, is the rationality of humanity.

39. 法律的力量应当跟随着公民，就像影子跟随着身体一样。——贝卡利亚

39. The power of the law should follow the citizen, just as a shadow follows the body. – Beccaria

40. 自由就是做法律许可范围内的事情的权利。——西塞罗

40. Freedom is the right to do what the law permits.—Cicero

41. 宪法创制者给我们的是一个罗盘，而不是一张蓝图。——波斯纳

41. The Constitution's framers gave us a compass, not a blueprint. - Posner

42. 每个人都生而自由、平等，他只是为了自己的利益，才会转让自己的自由。全部的区别就在于：在家庭里，父子之爱就足以报偿父亲对孩子的关怀了；但是在国家之中，首领对于他的人民既没有这种爱，于是发号施令的乐趣就取而代之。

42. Everyone is born free and equal; they only surrender their freedom for their own benefit. The only difference lies in this: within the family, the love between father and son is enough to compensate for the father's care for his child; but in the state, the leader has no such love for his people, and the joy of issuing commands takes its place.

43. 此虽法律所无奈，尚可仰首披苍旻。天高鬼神不可信，后世有耳犹或闻。

43. Although it is beyond the law's reach, one may still lift their head and gaze towards the boundless sky. The heavens are high, and ghosts and gods are not to be trusted; later generations with ears may still hear of it.

44. 商周黥劓剕宫辟，（旧五刑） 更得笞杖徒流死。（新五刑） 唐 高祖建唐显武德，（唐高祖夺天下，作《武德律》） 贞观作律加役流。

44. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the punishment of branding, cutting off the nose, and severing limbs (the old five punishments) was further supplemented with whipping, flogging, imprisonment, deportation, and death (the new five punishments). During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu established the Tang Dynasty and the year of military virtue (when Emperor Gaozu seized the throne, he compiled the "Military Virtue Code"). In the Zhenguan era, the "Military Virtue Code" was supplemented with additional punishment of deportation.

45. 富贵拘法律，贫贱畏笞榜。生既若此苦，死当一切平。

45. The wealthy are confined by laws, the poor fear the beating posts. If life is thus bitter, death should bring equality to all.

46. 《自尤》——宋代 苏洵

46. "Self-Blame" — Su Xun, Song Dynasty

47. 既然主权不外乎是公共意愿的运用，那么就永远不能转让；既然主权者只不过是一个集体的生命，那就只能让他自己来代表自己；能转移的是权力，而不是意志。

47. Since sovereignty is nothing but the exercise of public will, it can never be transferred; since the sovereign is merely a collective life, it can only be represented by itself; what can be transferred is power, not will.

48. 全部历史就是利益的斗争，而法是那些占了上风的利益的权威性的表现。

48. The entire history is a struggle for interests, and law is the authoritative manifestation of those interests that have gained the upper hand.

49. 财产是**社会的真正基础，是公民订立契约的真正保障。

49. Property is the true foundation of society and the true guarantee for citizens to enter into contracts.