1. 可怜无定河边骨，犹是深闺梦里人。陈陶《陇西行》

1. Alas, the bones scattered along the uncertain riverbank, yet they are still the beloved of the secluded chamber, dreaming. From "The Journey to Longxi" by Chen Tao.

2. 青海湖上乌云密布，连绵雪山一片黯淡。边塞古城，玉门雄关，远隔千里，遥遥相望。

2. The Qinghai Lake is shrouded in dark clouds, and the continuous snow-capped mountains are dim. The ancient border city, the strong pass of Yumen, are far apart, visible from a distance.

3. ③九垓（gāi）。九州，天下，这句可能是用古神话中竖亥自东极步行至西极的故事（见《山海经·海外东经》），表示自己将风尘仆仆地走遍各地观察形势。

3. ③ The "Nine Areas" (jiǔ gāi). The "Nine States" refers to the entire world. This phrase may be a reference to the ancient myth of Shuhai walking from the Eastern Pole to the Western Pole (as seen in "Classic of Mountains and Seas - Eastern Ocean Classic"), indicating that the speaker will travel tirelessly to various places to observe the situation.

4. 呜呼！楚虽三户能亡秦，岂有堂堂中国空无人！

4. Alas! Although the Chu had only three households, they were able to destroy the Qin. How could there be an empty China without a single person?

5. 几回忆，故国莼鲈，霜前雁後。潘希白《大有·九日》

5. A few nostalgic memories, of the country's lush blueberrys and perch, the wild geese before the frost and after. From Pan Xibai's "Da You · The Ninth Day".

6. 只有精忠能报国，更无乐土可为家。董必武《元旦口占用柳亚子怀人韵》

6. Only loyalty can serve one's country, there is no land of happiness to call home. -- Dong Biwu, "Quotations from the New Year's Day on the occasion of missing Liu Yazi"

7. ⑶狸奴：指生活中被人们驯化而来的猫的昵称。

7. ⑶ Jiaonü: A nickname for cats that have been domesticated by people in everyday life.

8. 器乏雕梁器，材非构厦材。赵彦昭《奉和元日赐群臣柏叶应制》

8. Tools not fit for carving ornate beams, materials not suitable for constructing great buildings. From Zhao Yanzhao's poem "Feng He Yuan Ri Ci Qing Chen Qin Chen" (Complimenting the Imperial Edict on Yuan Ri and Presenting柏叶to the Ministers).

9. 十年驱驰海色寒，孤臣于此望宸銮。戚继光《望阙台》

9. For ten years I have galloped across the cold sea, a lone minister gazing at the imperial carriage from here. Qi Jiguang's "Gazing at the Imperial Pavilion."

10. ⑺相期：期待；相约。这里指互相希望和勉励。

10. ⑺ Xiangqi: to look forward to; to make an appointment. Here it refers to mutual hope and encouragement.

11. 近来，我来到汉水边从军，每天早晨都对着参差耸立的终南山，遥望着布满晶莹似玉般积雪的峰峦。

11. Lately, I have come to the Han River to join the military, and every morning, I stand facing the towering and unevenly arranged Zhongnan Mountains, looking afar at the ridges covered with shimmering snow as crystalline as jade.

12. ⑵羌笛：羌族竹制乐器。关山月：乐府曲名，属横吹曲。多为伤离别之辞。

12. (2) Qiang flute: A bamboo musical instrument of the Qiang ethnic group. Guan Shan Yue: A title of a musical piece from the Songs of the South, which belongs to the horizontal wind music genre. It is mostly about expressing sorrow over parting.

13. 不要理会那般人幸灾乐祸、冷嘲热讽，鄙弃那些“赵老送灯台”之类的混话。

13. Ignore those who take delight in others' misfortunes and engage in sarcastic remarks. Abhor those kinds of nonsensical sayings like "Zhao Lao sends a lantern stand."

14. 剑外忽传收蓟北，初闻涕泪满衣裳。杜甫《闻官军收河南河北》

14. Suddenly news came from outside the sword area that the northern Jining region has been captured, and upon first hearing the news, tears filled my robes. (This line is from Du Fu's poem "Upon Hearing that the Official Army Has Captured Henan and Hebei")

15. “春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还”（王安石）、

15. "The spring breeze once again greens the banks of the South River, when will the bright moon shine on me again?" (Wang Anshi)

16. 时危见臣节，世乱识忠良。鲍照《代出自蓟北门行》

16. In times of peril, a subject's loyalty is seen; in the chaos of the world, the faithful are recognized. From Bao Zhao's "In Place of the March from the Jini Gate."

17. ③秋声：秋天自然界的声音，如鸟虫叫声，风声。欧阳修有《秋声赋》，以各种比喻描摹秋天的声响。

17. ③Autumn Sounds: The sounds of nature in autumn, such as the calls of birds and insects, and the sound of the wind. Ouyang Xiu wrote the "Fable of Autumn Sounds," which uses various metaphors to depict the sounds of autumn.

18. ⑿南山：终南山，一名秦岭，在陕西省南部。嶙峋：山石参差重叠的样子。

18. ⑿ South Mountain: Zhong南山, also known as Qinling, located in the southern part of Shaanxi Province. Linyun: The appearance of rugged mountain rocks, overlapping and staggered.

19. 指点六朝形胜地，惟有青山如壁。萨都剌《念奴娇·登石头城次东坡韵》

19. Pointing out the six dynasties' famous scenic spots, only the green mountains are like walls. - From Sa Dula's "Nian Nu Jiao · Climbing the Stone City Following Dongpo's Rhyme."

20. 王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。陆游《示儿》

20. The day the King's army conquers the Central Plains, do not forget to offer a sacrifice at home and inform your father. Lu You, "To My Sons"

21. ⒅敕：专指皇帝的诏书。星驰：像流星一样迅疾奔驰，也可解释为星夜奔驰。

21. An edict specifically refers to an imperial decree. Star galloping refers to running as swiftly as a meteor, which can also be interpreted as galloping through the night under the stars.

22. 长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。——屈原《离骚》

22. Long sighs to hide my tears, alas for the hardships of the people's lives. — Qu Yuan, "Liu Xiang"

23. 东南西北效皇极，日月星辰奏凯歌。洪秀全《吟剑》

23. The cardinal directions pay homage to the imperial extreme, the sun, moon, and stars sing victory songs. Hong Xiuquan, "Singing the Sword"

24. 呜呼！楚虽三户能亡秦，岂有堂堂中国空无人！陆游《金错刀行》

Alas! Even if the Chu had only three households, they could have overthrown the Qin. How could a great and mighty China be empty of people? (This is from Lu You's poem "Jin Cuo Dao Xing").

25. 送元二使安西 （唐）王维

25. Send Yuan the Second Envoy to the Western Regions (Tang Dynasty) by Wang Wei

26. 守边将士，身经百战，铠甲磨穿，壮志不灭，不打败进犯之敌，誓不返回家乡。

26. The border guards, having fought a hundred battles, have worn through their armor, yet their strong will remains unbroken. They vow never to return to their hometowns unless they defeat the invaders.

27. 杜鹃再拜忧天泪，精卫无穷填海心。黄遵宪《赠梁任父母同年》

27.杜鹃再次拜别，泪滴忧天；精卫无尽，填海之心。 —— 黄遵宪《赠梁任父母同年》

28. 远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。

28. The distant fragrance invades the ancient path, the bright green connects to the desolate city. Once more I send off the noble youth, the lush grass is filled with parting sentiments.

29. 吟鞭：诗人的马鞭。 东指：东方故里。 天涯：指离京都遥远。

29. Yín biān: The horsewhip of a poet. Dōng zhǐ: Refers to the native place in the east. Tiān yá: Indicates a distant place from the capital.

30. 平生端有活国计，百不一试薶九京。黄庭坚《送范德孺知庆州》

30. Throughout my life, I have always been dedicated to the state's welfare, but unfortunately, not once in a hundred attempts have I been buried in the capital city of Chang'an. -- From Huang Tingjian's poem "Saying Farewell to Fan De Ru, the Governor of Qingzhou"

31. ②三岛：指英伦三岛，即英国的英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰。此旬回顾抗英经历，足见英国无人。

31. ②Three Isles: Refers to the British Isles, specifically England, Scotland, and Ireland. This sentence looks back on the experiences of resisting the British, which is enough to show that there is no one in Britain.

32. 以家为家，以乡为乡，以国为国，以天下为天下。 ——《管子·牧民》

32. Make the home a home, the village a village, the country a country, and the world a world. ——From "Manshu: Shepherd of the People"

33. 男儿何不带吴钩，收取关山五十州。李贺《南园》

33. Why not don the Wugou sword, capturing fifty states of the Guan and Shan regions? From Li He's poem "Nanyuan" (The South Garden).

34. 这世上有无数的丹青圣手，可都画不出内心的伤感。

34. There are countless master painters in this world, yet none can capture the inner sorrow.

35. 汉家君臣欢宴终，高议云台论战功。王维《少年行四首》

35. The feast between the Han dynasty ruler and his ministers ends, grand discussions on military achievements are held atop the Cloud Platform. - Wang Wei's "Four Poems of Youth".

36. ⑥衰庸：意近“衰朽”，衰老而无能，这里是自谦之词。

36. ⑥衰庸: It means something similar to "decay and corruption," referring to being old and incompetent. Here, it is used as a self-deprecating term.

37. ⑤赵老送灯台：即上句的轻薄语。《归田录》：“俚谚云：‘赵老送灯台，一去更不来。’当时清廷中的投降派诅咒林则徐。说他被贬新疆是“赵老送灯台”，永无回来之日。

37. ⑤Zhao Lao sends the lantern tower: This refers to the light and trivial words of the previous sentence. "Gui Tian Lu" (Record of Returning to the Country): "The folk saying goes, 'Zhao Lao sends the lantern tower, and he never comes back.' At that time, the traitors in the Qing Dynasty cursed Lin Zexu, saying that his demotion to Xinjiang was 'Zhao Lao sending the lantern tower,' implying that he would never return.

38. 报国无门空自怨，济时有策从谁吐。吴潜《满江红·送李御带珙》

38. There is no way to serve my country but to complain in vain, and when times are tough, who can I share my strategies with? Wu Qian's "Man Jiang Hong - Farewell to Li Yudai Gong."

39. 愿得此身长报国，何须生入玉门关。戴叔伦《塞上曲·汉家旌帜满阴山》

39. May this body long serve the country, why need to enter the Yumen Pass alive? — Dai Shulun, "Song of the Frontier · The Han Banner Fills Yinshan Mountain"

40. 易水潺潺云草碧，可怜无处送荆卿。陈子龙《渡易水》

40. The Yi River murmurs gently, the clouds over the grass are green. Alas, there is nowhere to send Jing Qing. — Chen Zilong's "Crossing the Yi River"

41. 天空黑暗，大风卷着江湖上的雨，四周的山上哗哗大雨像巨浪翻滚之声。

41. The sky is dark, with the strong wind sweeping rain from the river and lake, and the mountains surrounding are drenched with a heavy rain that sounds like rolling waves.

42. 抚剑长号归去也，千山风雨啸青锋。康有为《出都留别诸公》

42. Hold the sword, sound the long horn, and return; The thousand mountains wail in the storm over the gleaming blade. — Kang Youwei, "Leaving the Capital to Say Farewell to All"

43. 怅然孤啸，青山故国，乔木苍苔。倪瓒《人月圆·伤心莫问前朝事》

43. With a melancholic sigh, amidst the ancient mountains and my homeland, tall trees are covered with green moss. Ni Zan's "Ren Yue Yuan · Do not ask for the past affairs of sorrow."

44. 渭(wèi)城朝雨浥(yì)轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。

44. In Wei City, the morning rain moistens the light dust, and the guesthouse is green with the fresh color of willows.

45. 三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时，黑发不知勤学早，白发方悔读书迟。－－－－颜真卿

45. At the third watch the lanterns flicker, and at the fifth the rooster crows, this is the time for a young man to study. Black hair doesn't know the value of studying early, and only when white hair appears do they regret studying too late. —— Yan Zhenqing

46. 用黄金镀饰、白玉镶嵌的宝刀，到夜间，它耀眼的光芒，穿透窗户，直冲云霄。

46. Adorned with gold inlay and white jade, the precious sword shone with dazzling brilliance at night, piercing through the windows and soaring towards the heavens.

47. ⒁破：一作“斩”。楼兰：汉时西域国名，即鄯善国，在今新疆维吾尔自治区鄯善县东南一带。西汉时楼兰国王与匈奴勾通，屡次杀害汉朝通西域的使臣。此处泛指唐西北地区常常侵扰边境的少数民族政权。终不还：一作“竟不还”。

47. "破" can be translated as "to defeat" or "to conquer"; here it can also be interpreted as "to cut off" or "to chop off." Loulan: a name of a Western region country during the Han Dynasty, referring to the Shanshan Kingdom, located in the southeastern part of today's Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. During the Western Han Dynasty, the king of Loulan colluded with the Xiongnu and repeatedly killed Han envoys who were traveling to the Western Regions. Here it is generally referred to as a minority regime that frequently disturbed the border in the northwestern region of the Tang Dynasty. "终不还" can also be translated as "finally not return" or "never return."

48. ⑷无那：无奈，指无法消除思亲之愁。一作“谁解”。

48. ⑷ Wunà: meaning "in vain," referring to the inability to alleviate the sorrow of missing one's parents. It is also rendered as "Who can understand?"