1. 野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。 远芳侵古道，晴翠接城。

1. The wild fire cannot consume it, for the spring breeze will revive it again. The distant fragrance invades the ancient path, the bright green extends to the city.

2. 由于中间插入“西风”写触感，变换了描写角度，因而增加了意象的跳跃感，但这种跳跃仍是局部的，不超出秋景的范围。最后一个意象“夕阳西下”，是全曲的大背景，它将前九个意象全部统摄起来，造成一时多空的场面。

2. Because of the insertion of the word "western wind" to describe the sense of touch, the perspective of description has changed, thus enhancing the sense of jumps in imagery. However, this jump is still local and does not exceed the scope of autumn scenery. The last imagery "the setting sun sinking in the west" serves as the overall background of the entire piece, absorbing all the previous nine images, creating a scene of multiple spaces at once.

3. 板桥茅屋湖南埭、带雨拕花更可怜。”《微雨中过湖塘二首》： “西跨湖桥雨到时，四山烟景碧参差。

3. "The bamboo cottage on Banqiao's Hunan Ridge, with rain-drenched blossoms, is even more pitiful." In "Two Poems Passed Over the Lake in Fine Rain": "When the rain reaches the lake bridge to the west, the four mountains smoke and scenery are green and varied."

4. 唐 刘昚虚《积雪为小山》

4. Liu Shengxu of the Tang Dynasty, "Snow Accumulated Forms a Small Mountain"

5. （和长孙秘监七夕）任希古 星桥他日创，仙榜此时开。（安乐公主移入新宅侍宴应制）宗楚客 洛桥瞻太室，期子在云烟。

5. (With Changsun Miyin's Qixi) Ren Xigu: The star bridge will be created another day, the celestial list opens now. (Anle Princess moves into the new mansion for the banquet and follows the edict) Zong Chuke: Gazing at the Great Hall from the Luo Bridge, expecting the son to rise in the mist and smoke.

6. 也有六个意象与马曲相同。 十分明显，《醉中天》是从《赏花时》中脱化而来，模拟痕迹犹在，二曲中出现的意象虽与马曲多有相同之处，但相比之下，皆不如《天净沙·秋思》纯朴、自然、精练。

6. There are also six images that are the same as those in the horse song. It is very obvious that "Drunk in the Sky" is derived from "Appreciating the Flowering Time," and the traces of imitation are still evident. Although the images that appear in both songs are similar to those in the horse song, compared to them, they are not as simple, natural, and concise as "Tian Jing Sha: Autumn Thoughts."

7. 庭中有奇树，绿叶发华滋。攀条折其荣，将以遗所思。馨香盈怀袖，路远莫致之。此物何足贡，但感别经时。

7. In the court there is a strange tree, its leaves lush and full of bloom. I climb to pluck its branches, intending to leave them behind as a token of my thoughts. The fragrance fills my sleeves, yet with the distant road ahead, I cannot bring it near. What is this thing worth presenting? Only that I feel separated in time.

8. 劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人。-----王维《送元二使安西》

8. Persuade you to drink another cup of wine, when you venture west of the Yangguan Pass, there will be no friends to meet. ---- Wang Wei, "Sending Yuan Er to the Western Regions"

9. （玄都观）徐氏 朝进东门营，暮上河阳桥。（横吹曲辞·后出塞其

9. (Xuan Du Guan) Xu's family in the morning goes to the eastern gate camp, and in the evening ascends the Heyang Bridge. (Heng Chui Qu Ci · Hou Chu Sai Qi)

10. 唐贺知章《咏柳》碧玉妆成一树高，万条垂下绿丝线。不知细对谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀。

10. Tang He Zhi Zhang's poem "Praising the Willow": The green jade is dressed up as a tall tree, ten thousand branches hanging down like green silk threads. Who meticulously tailored it into this shape? The February spring breeze seems like scissors.

11. 它先写目中景。眺望金谷园遗址，只见柳条在春风中摆动，婀娜多姿，仿佛一群苗条的伎女在翩翩起舞，一派春色繁荣的好风景。然后写心中情。面对这一派好景，今日只有诗人孤零零地站在往昔繁华的洛阳桥上，觉得分外冷落，不胜感慨系之。

11. It first describes the view. Looking at the site of the Jingu Garden, the willow branches sway in the spring breeze, gracefully swaying, as if a group of slender performers are dancing gracefully, presenting a beautiful and flourishing spring scenery. Then it expresses the emotion in the heart. Faced with this beautiful scene, today only the poet stands alone on the Luoyang Bridge, once a bustling place, feeling particularly desolate and filled with deep emotion.

12. 宋·陆游《初夏绝句》纷纷红紫已成尘，布谷声中夏令新。夹路桑麻行不尽，始知身是太平人。

12. Song Dynasty, Lu You's "Summer Solstice Ode" The red and purple flowers have turned to dust, the sound of the cuckoo heralds the arrival of the summer season. Along the road, the mulberry and hemp stretch endlessly, and only then do I realize that I am a person living in peaceful times.

13. 意境是中国古典诗歌美学中的一个重要范畴，它的本质特征在于情景交融、心物合一。情与景能否妙合，成为能否构成意境的关键。

13. The artistic conception is an important category in the aesthetics of classical Chinese poetry, with its essential characteristic lying in the fusion of emotion and scenery, and the unity of mind and matter. Whether emotion and scenery can blend harmoniously becomes the key to the formation of artistic conception.

14. 能促岁阴惟白发，巧乘风马是春光。 何须化鹤归华表，却数凋零忆越乡。

14. The years can only bring white hair, but skillfully riding the wind and horse brings spring light. Why must one transform into a crane to return to the marble stele, but instead counts the withering leaves and remembers the hometown of Yue.

15. 马致远《天净沙·秋思》小令中出现的意象并不新颖。其中“古道”一词，最早出现在署名为李白《忆秦娥·箫声咽》词中“乐游原上清秋节，咸阳古道音尘绝”。

15. The imagery in the small song "Tian Jing Sha: Autumn Thoughts" by Ma Zhiyuan is not innovative. Among them, the word "ancient road" first appeared in the poem "Yi Qin E: Xiao Sheng Ye" attributed to Li Bai, with the line "On the Le You Yuan, the clear autumn, the ancient road is silent without sound."

16. 行行二三里，桥影错相交/既出水城门，风景变一朝/河港俄空阔，野板风萧萧/ 试立船头望，炉峰干云霄/。” 《五云桥》：“若耶北与镜湖通，缥缈飞桥跨半空。

16. Three or two miles along, bridge shadows interlace and cross / Once out of the city gate, the scenery changes in an instant / River ports suddenly feel vast, the wild board is windy and cold / Stand at the bow and look, the Luofeng peaks pierce the clouds /.” "The Wuyun Bridge": If you head north from the Yea River, it connects to the Jinghu Lake, and the ethereal flying bridge spans halfway across the sky.

17. 客从远方来，遗我一端绮。相去万余里，故人心尚尔！文彩双鸳鸯，裁为合欢被。著以长相思，缘以结不解。以胶投漆中，谁能别离此？明月皎夜光

17. A guest comes from afar, leaving me a piece of exquisite silk. Though we are separated by tens of thousands of miles, the hearts of old friends still remain so! The colorful silks are like twin mandarin ducks, sewn together to make a happy quilt. Decorated with constant longing, tied with an unbreakable knot. Like resin poured into lacquer, who can separate them? Bright moon shines in the clear night.

18. （杂曲歌辞·竹枝）刘禹锡 扬州桥边小妇，长干市里商人。三年不得消息，各自拜鬼求神。

18. (Miscellaneous Songs: Zhu Chi) Liu Yuxi A young woman by the Yangzhou Bridge, a merchant in the Changgan market. For three years, they've had no news, Each one prays to ghosts and gods.

19. 乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。——唐·白居易《钱塘湖春行

19. The profusion of flowers is almost blinding, and only shallow grass can hide the horse's hooves. — From "Spring Walk at Qiantang Lake" by Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty.

20. ——唐·杜甫《登楼》 乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。——唐·白居易《钱塘湖春行

20. —— From Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's poem "Ascending the Tower": "The chaotic flowers are beginning to blur the eyes, and the shallow grass is just enough to hide the horse's hooves." —— From Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi's poem "Walking in the Spring of Qiantang Lake": "The chaotic flowers are beginning to blur the eyes, and the shallow grass is just enough to hide the horse's hooves."

21. 唐·杜牧《秋夕》红烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤。 （

21. Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's "Autumn Night": Cold autumn light and red candle, cool painted screen; A light silk fan gently swats at the gliding fireflies.

22. 钏影隔窗灯未灭，晓星帘幕各梳头。”《月夜待家慈近泛霞川》： “全家阑夜泛轻舠，烛影霞川五里遥。

22. "The lantern light through the window hasn't been extinguished, and the morning stars are combing their hair through the curtain." From "Waiting for Mother on the Moonlit Night Near Xian River": "The whole family boating leisurely at dusk, the candlelight flickers over the five-mile-long Xian River."

23. 鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜。 —— 温庭筠《商山早行》

23. The sound of roosters echoes through the reed storehouse under the moon, and human footprints on the plank bridge are covered with frost. — Wen Tingyun, "Early Journey to Shangshan"

24. 送杜少府之任蜀川 城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。与君离别意，同是宦游人。海风存知己，天涯若比邻。无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。

儿女共沾巾。No need to worry at the crossroads, as we share the same destiny. Translation: 24. Sending Du Shaofu to his post in Shu Province The city walls support the three Qin states, and the smoke and mist signal the five canals. Parting from you, my feelings are no different from those of a fellow official on the road. The sea breeze keeps the friendship alive, making distant places feel like neighbors. There is no need to worry at the crossroads, for we share the same destiny. May we not shed tears on this parting day, as we share the same destiny.

25. 临水人家花夹岸，笛声吹月满红桥。”《鉴湖柳枝词十二首》： “三两渔庄老树边，渔娃补网橛船头。

25. Houses by the river are lined with flowers, and the sound of the flute fills the moonlit red bridge." From "Jianhu Liu Zhi Ci Shi Er Shou": "A few fishing huts stand by old trees, where fisherboys mend their nets at the tip of the boats."

26. 黎明起床，车马的铃铎已震动；一路远行，游子悲思故乡。

26. At dawn, the bells of the chariots have already resonated; as one travels far, the wanderer laments for his hometown.

27. 故人斗酒安陵桥，黄鸟春风洛阳陌。（放歌行答弟墨卿）李颀 一泓清绝寓园中，角巾屹然水中止。

27. Old friends compete in wine at Anling Bridge, yellow birds sing in the spring breeze on the streets of Luoyang. (A song to answer my brother Moqing) Li Qi - A pool of crystal-clear water in the garden, the corner hat stands firmly in the water.

28. ——唐·柳宗元《江雪》 鸟宿池边树，僧敲月下门。——唐·贾岛《题李凝幽居》

28. ——Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue" (Frost on the River): Birds roosting on the trees by the pond, a monk knocking on the door under the moonlight. ——Tang Dynasty, Jia Dao's "Writing on Li Ning's Secluded Residence":

29. ⑸断肠人：形容伤心悲痛到极点的人，此处指漂泊天涯、极度忧伤的旅人。天涯：远离家乡的地方。[2] [3]

29. (5) Heartbroken person: Describes someone who is extremely heartbroken and sorrowful. Here, it refers to a traveler who is wandering far from home, deeply sorrowful. "Heaven's end" refers to a place far away from one's hometown. [2] [3]

30. 春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。——唐·孟浩然《春晓》

30. The spring sleep is so deep, I don't realize the dawn; everywhere I hear the chirping of birds. — From "Spring Dawn" by Meng Haoran, Tang Dynasty.

31. 来往见愁人，清风柳阴好。（板桥）司空曙40几处白烟断，一川红树时。

31. Grief is seen in the comings and goings, a gentle breeze and willow shade are nice. (Banqiao) Sikuang Shu has 40 or so places where white smoke is cut off, a river of red trees from time to time.

32. 朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜。 —— 刘禹锡《乌衣巷》

32. Wild flowers bloom by the Zhu Que Bridge, the setting sun slants at the mouth of the Wu Yi Alley. —— Liu Yuxi, "The Wu Yi Alley"

33. （相和歌辞·相逢行）崔颢20画桥飞渡水，仙阁涌临虚。（侍宴长宁公主东庄）刘宪21明日长桥上，倾城看斩蛟。

33. (Xianghe Ge Ci · Xiang Feng Xing) Cui Hao: Over 20 painted bridges soar across the water, the celestial pavilion surges to the void. (At the banquet for Princess Changning at her Eastern Manor) Liu Xian: Tomorrow on the long bridge, the city will gather to watch the dragon be beheaded.

34. 遇圣人知幸，承恩物自欢。洛桥将举烛，醉舞拂归鞍。（东都酺宴四首）张说

34. Meeting a sage is a happy occasion, and receiving favor brings joy. At the Lu Bridge, we shall light candles, and in our drunken dance, we'll brush away the saddle of returning. (Four Poems of the Dongdu Banquet) Zhang Shuo

35. 又有元代无名氏小令《醉中天》（见《乐府新声》）：“老树悬藤挂，落日映残霞。隐隐平林噪晓鸦。

35. There is also an anonymous song "Zui Zhong Tian" (Drunk in the Sky) from the Yuan Dynasty (see "New Songs of the Music Bureau"): Old trees hang with vines, Sunset reflects on the remaining clouds. The distant forest is noisy with crows at dawn.

36. 青青河畔草，郁郁园中柳。盈盈楼上女，皎皎当窗牖。娥娥红粉妆，纤纤出素手。昔为倡家女，今为荡子妇，荡子行不归，空床难独守。西北有高楼西北有高楼，上与浮云齐。交疏结绮窗，阿阁三重阶。上有弦歌声，音响一何悲！谁能为此曲？无乃杞梁妻。清商随风发，中曲正徘徊。一弹再三叹，慷慨有余哀。不惜歌者苦，但伤敌意稀。愿为双鸿鹄，奋翅起高飞。冉冉狐生竹冉冉狐生竹，结根泰山阿。与君为新婚，兔丝附女萝。兔丝生有时，夫妇会有宜。千里远结婚，悠悠隔山陂。思君令人老，轩车来何迟！伤彼蕙兰花，含英扬光辉。过时而不采，将随秋草萎。

36. Green grass by the river, lush willows in the garden. A maiden fair on the balcony, bright before the window. Her face adorned with red powder, delicate hands appear. Once a courtesan's daughter, now a wayward son's wife, the wayward son doesn't return, the empty bed is hard to guard alone. A high tower in the northwest, reaching the floating clouds. With sparse windows woven with delicate patterns, a triple-staired pavilion. There's a stringed instrument's song, its sound deeply sorrowful! Who can compose this melody? Perhaps it's Qi Liang's wife. The clear autumn wind brings the sound, the middle part of the song lingers. Plucking the strings, sighing repeatedly, full of sorrow and passion. Not minding the singer's hardship, only regretting the rareness of the enemy's intent. I wish to be like the twin swans, spreading our wings and soaring high. Slowly, foxes sprout bamboo. They take root in the crags of Mount Tai. With you for a new marriage, the moss-like tendrils attach to the vine. The tendrils grow at the right time, and so will marriage be suitable. Marrying a thousand miles away, the distance is vast, separated by mountains and ridges. Thinking of you makes me old, why does the carriage come so late? Grieving for that orchid flower, holding its bloom, shining with light. If not picked in time, it will wither with the autumn grass.

37. 塞下秋来风景异，衡阳雁去无留意。四面边声连角起，千嶂里，长烟落日孤闭。---------范仲淹《渔家敖》

37. The scenery changes as autumn arrives in the frontier, the swans from Hengyang fly away without a glance. The sounds of war from all directions blend with the bugles, and in the thousands of ridges, the long smoke and setting sun isolate a lone figure. -- Fan Zhongyan, "Yujia Ao"

38. 登高万井出，眺迥二流明。（晓行巴峡）王维 剑留南斗近，书寄北风遥。

38. From high peaks, ten thousand wells emerge; looking afar, the two rivers glow brightly. (Morning journey through Ba峡) Sword left near the Southern Dipper, letters sent in the distant north wind. (Wang Wei)

39. 晋 乐府古辞《盂珠》

39. Jin Dynasty Luyu ancient poems "Yuzhu"

40. 客从远方来，遗我双鲤鱼。——汉佚名《饮马长城窟行》

40. A guest comes from afar, leaving me a pair of carps. — From the poem "Yin Ma Chang Cheng Ku Xing" by an anonymous Han poet.

41. 马致远在创作《天净沙·秋思》时受到董曲的影响和启发，这是无疑的，但他不是一味模仿，而是根据自己的生活体验与审美目光进行了重新创作。在景物的选择上，他为了突出与强化凄惨凉悲苦的情感，选取了最能体现秋季凄凉萧条景色，最能表现羁旅行人孤苦惆怅情怀的十个意象入曲，将自己的情感浓缩于这十个意象之中，最后才以点晴之笔揭示全曲主题。

41. It is undoubtedly true that Ma Zhiyuan was influenced and inspired by Dong Qu when creating "Tian Jing Sha: Autumn Thoughts," but he did not simply imitate. Instead, he re-created it based on his own life experiences and aesthetic perspective. In terms of selecting scenery, he chose ten images that best reflect the desolate and melancholic atmosphere of autumn, as well as the loneliness and melancholy of travelers away from home. He condensed his own emotions into these ten images, and only then did he use a highlighting stroke to reveal the theme of the entire piece.

42. ——唐·杜甫《绝句四首》 草枯鹰眼疾，雪尽马蹄轻。——唐·王维《观猎》 草长莺飞二月天，拂堤杨柳醉春烟。

42. ——Tang Dynasty Du Fu, "Four Quatrains" Grass withers, the eagle's eyes are keen, snow melts, the horse's hooves are light. — Tang Dynasty Wang Wei, "Observing the Hunt" The grass grows, the orioles fly, in the sky of February; The willows by the embankment sway, drunk on the spring mist.

43. 为报空潭橘，无媒寄洛桥。（江南旅情）祖咏50九十九冈遥，天寒雪未消。

43. To pay for the empty pool's orange, no matchmaker sends it across the Luo Bridge. (Sensations of Travel in the South of the Yangtze) Zu Yong at the 50th peak, the sky is cold and the snow has not yet melted.

44. （相和歌辞·常林欢）温庭筠36玉节随东阁，金闺别旧僚。若为花满寺，跃马上河桥。

44. (Xianghe Ge Ci · Chang Lin Huan) Wen Tingyun 36 The jade festival follows the Eastern Pavilion, Leaving behind the old colleagues in the golden palace. If flowers are blooming in the temple, I leap on my horse over the river bridge.

45. 剑留南斗近，书寄北风遥。为报空潭橘，无媒寄洛桥。（江南旅情）祖咏

45. The sword lingers near the Southern Dipper, the letter sent afar in the north wind. To report the empty pool's oranges, no medium to send them across the Luo Bridge. (Jiangnan Traveling Emotions) Zu Yong

46. 如果没有这些意象，这首曲也就不复存在了。 与意象的繁复性并存的是意象表意的单一性。

46. Without these images, this melody would not exist anymore. Existing alongside the complexity of these images is the singularity of their meaning.

47. 唐·刘禹锡《秋词二首》山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄。

47. Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi's "Two Poems on Autumn" - Clear mountains, bright waters, frost falls at night, a few trees burst into deep red from the light yellow.

48. 唐韩愈《春雪》新年都未有芳华，二月初惊见草芽。白雪却嫌春色晚，故穿庭树作飞花

48. Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's "Spring Snow": There's no fragrance in the new year, and on the second day of the lunar New Year, I'm surprised to see the sprouts of grass. The white snow dislikes the late spring, so it weaves through the courtyard trees as flying flowers.

49. 使用众多密集的意象来表达作者的羁旅之苦和悲秋之恨，使作品充满浓郁的诗情。 意象是指出现在诗歌之中的用以传达作者情感，寄寓作者思想的艺术形象。

49. The text employs a multitude of dense imagery to express the author's suffering from wanderlust and resentment towards autumn, imbuing the work with a rich poetic sentiment. Imagery refers to artistic images that appear in poetry, used to convey the author's emotions and embody the author's thoughts.

50. 姜夔《扬州慢》：二十四桥仍在，波心荡，冷月无声，念桥边红药，年年知为谁生。

50. Jiang Kui's "Yanzhou Man": The Twenty-Four Bridges are still there, waves agitate in the heart, the cold moon makes no sound, thinking of the red medicine on the bridge, year after year, who knows for whom it grows.

51. 二月东风来，草坼花心开。思君春日迟，一日肠九回。

51. The east wind of February arrives, the grass splits and the flowers bloom. Missing you in the spring, days seem long, my heart aches nine times a day.

52. ——唐·李白《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》 晓看红湿处，花重锦官城。——唐·杜甫《春夜喜雨》 花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。

52. —— From Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's poem "Saying Farewell to Meng Haoran at the Yellow Crane Tower": In the morning, looking at the red, damp places, the flowers are heavy in the city of锦官 (Jin Guan). —— From Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's poem "Joy at the Rain on a Spring Night": A jar of wine among the blossoms, drinking alone, with no one to share.

53. 天门中断楚江开，碧水东流至此回。——唐·李白《望天门山》

53. The heavenly gate is broken, the Chu River opens; The clear waters flow eastward and return here. — Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's "Gazing at Tianmen Mountain"

54. 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。

54. Withered vines, old trees, and crows in the dusk, a small bridge, flowing water, and a household. On the ancient road, the west wind, a thin horse, the sunset sinking in the west, the heartbroken one is at the edge of the world.

55. （杂曲歌辞·妾薄命）刘元淑32渭水长桥今欲渡，葱葱渐见新丰树。（初入秦川路逢寒食）李隆基33绿渚传歌榜，红桥度舞旗。

55. (Miscellaneous Songs · The Fate of a Concubine) Liu Yuanshu 32 The Weishui River's long bridge, now I wish to cross, the lush trees of Xin Feng are gradually visible. (First Journey into Qinchuan, Meeting Cold Food Festival) Li Longji 33 Songs are spread on the green river bank, dance flags pass over the red bridge.

56. 一夜海潮河水满，鲈鱼清晓入池塘。——元·宋禧《即事》

56. The sea tide fills the river in one night, the perch fish enter the pond at dawn. — Yuan Dynasty, Song Xi (Song Xi of Yuan Dynasty)

57. ⑴商山：山名，又名尚阪、楚山，在今陕西商洛市东南山阳县与丹凤县辖区交汇处 。作者曾于大中（唐宣宗年号，847~

57. (1) Shangshan: the name of a mountain, also known as Shangban and Chushan, located at the intersection of the Shanyang County in the southeastern part of Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province, and the Danfeng County. The author had visited there during the Dazhong period (the era name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, 847~

58. “溪上还珠太守家，小桥斜跨碧流沙。”（华镇）

58. "The Premier's residence by the stream returns the pearl, the small bridge slants over the green sand flowing water." (Hua Zhen)

59. 他删了一些虽然很美，但与表达的情感不合的景物。如茅舍映荻花，落日映残霞，一带山如画，使全曲的意象在表达情感上具有统一性。

59. He deleted some scenes that were beautiful but did not match the expressed emotion, such as the thatched cottage reflected in the reeds, the setting sun reflecting on the remnants of the twilight clouds, and a strip of mountains as if painted, making the imagery of the entire piece unified in expressing the emotion.

60. 鸡声嘹亮，茅草店沐浴着晓月的余辉；足迹依稀，木板桥覆盖着早春的寒霜。

60. The rooster's crow is resounding, the thatched cottage basking in the remaining glow of the dawn moon; faint footprints, the wooden bridge covered with the early spring frost.

61. （游侠篇）陈子良6悠悠天下士，相送洛桥津。（咏史其

61. (The Knightly Tale) Chen Ziliang, a wanderer throughout the land, was seen off at the Luqiao Bridge. (An ode to history...)

62. 南窗一枕睡初觉，蝴蝶满园如雪飞。——明·华幼武《睡起》

62. With a nap in the southern window just waking me, butterflies flutter in the garden like snowflakes. — From "Sleeping Up" by Hua Youwu of the Ming Dynasty.

63. 槲叶落山路，枳花明驿墙。因思杜陵梦，凫雁满回塘。

63. The maple leaves fall on the mountain path, the hawthorn flowers brighten the posthouse wall. Thinking of the dream in Du Ling, wild ducks and geese fill the returning pond.

64. 1，烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家。出自宋代柳永的《望海潮》，意思是：如烟的柳树、彩绘的桥梁，挡风的帘子、翠绿的帐幕，楼阁高高低低，大约有十万户人家。

64. 1. "Waving willow trees painted with smoke, ornate bridges, wind-blocking curtains of green silk, and tiered buildings scattered across, totaling about a hundred thousand households." This line is from "Looking at the Sea Tide" by Liu Yong of the Song Dynasty, meaning: like smoky willow trees, beautifully painted bridges, wind-blocking curtains of green silk, and buildings of varying heights, with an estimated one hundred thousand households scattered around.

65. 张旭《桃花溪》：隐隐飞桥隔野烟，石矶西畔问渔船。桃花尽日随流水，洞在清溪何处边。

65. Zhang Xu's "桃花溪": A bridge hidden in the mist separates the fields, by the stone jetty west, I inquire of the fishing boat. The peach blossoms float all day with the flowing water, where is the cave on the clear stream's edge?

66. 为报空潭橘，无媒寄洛桥。（江南旅情）祖咏 徒尔当年声籍籍，滥作词林两京客。

66. To pay tribute to the empty pond's tangerines, there's no matchmaker to deliver them across the Luo Bridge. (South of the Yangtze Travel Feelings) Zu Yong: In vain was your fame in the past, mingled with the word garden of the two capitals.

67. ⑷枳花明驿墙：个别版本（如人教版《语文》九年级上册“课外古诗词背诵”）作“枳花照驿墙”，有人认为“照”是错误的（见《枳花明驿墙——人教版〈语文〉九年级上册指瑕》）。明：使……明艳。枳（zhǐ）：也叫“臭橘”，一种落叶灌木或小乔木。春天开白花，果实似橘而略小，酸不可吃，可用作中药。驿（yì）墙：驿站的墙壁。驿：古时候递送公文的人或来往官员暂住、换马的处所。这句意思是说：枳花鲜艳地开放在驿站墙边。

67. ⑷ Acacia flowers brighten the post station wall: Some versions (such as Renjiao Edition of "Chinese" textbook for Grade 9, Volume 1 "Classroom Extracurricular Ancient Poetry Recitation") read as "Acacia flowers illuminate the post station wall," and some people believe that "illuminate" is incorrect (see "Acacia Flowers Brighten the Post Station Wall - Criticisms of Renjiao Edition Grade 9 'Chinese' Textbook Volume 1"). "Brighten" means to make something bright and vibrant. Acacia (zhǐ): also known as "stinking tangerine," a type of deciduous shrub or small tree. It blooms with white flowers in spring, its fruit resembles a tangerine but is slightly smaller, sour and inedible, but can be used as traditional Chinese medicine. Post station wall (yì qiáng): the wall of a post station. Post station: in ancient times, a place where messengers or officials traveling for official business would temporarily stay and change horses. This sentence means: Acacia flowers bloom vividly beside the post station wall.

68. 看得浅黄成嫩绿，始知造物有全功。（柳）陆游65长洲苑外草萧萧，却算游城岁月遥。

68. Viewing a pale yellow as tender green, one knows the Creator's full work. (From Liu's work) Lu You, 65, Outside Changzhou Garden, the grass is desolate, and when I think of the distant years of wandering in the city.

69. （帝京篇）李世民4待入天台路，看余度石桥。（灵隐寺）宋之问5日暮河桥上，扬鞭惜晚晖。

69. (Emperor's Capital Chapter) Li Shimin is on the road to Tiandai, watching me cross the stone bridge. (Lingyin Temple) Song Zhiwen is on the river bridge at dusk, waving his whip and cherishing the fading twilight.

70. 唐·杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅。 唐·刘禹锡《秋词二首》山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄。

70. Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's "Song of the Thatched Cottage Destroyed by Autumn Wind" - In August, the autumn sky is high and the wind roars fiercely, sweeping away three layers of thatch from my roof. Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi's "Two Autumn Poems" - The mountains are bright and the waters are clear, frost comes at night, and a few trees with deep red leaves emerge from the light yellow.

71. 灵汜桥边多感伤，分明湖派绕回塘——李绅《灵汜桥》

71. Sadness abounds by Lingfan Bridge, clearly the Lake School circles around the pond — Li Shen's "Lingfan Bridge"

72. 古今陵谷茫茫。市朝往往耕桑。此地居然形胜，似曾小小兴亡。

72. Throughout ancient and modern times, mountains and valleys are vast and boundless. The market and government buildings are often surrounded by cultivated fields and mulberry trees. This place, however, is unexpectedly beautiful, as if it had experienced a tiny rise and fall of prosperity.

73. 中国是桥的故乡，自古就有"桥的国度"之称，发展于隋，兴盛于宋。遍布在神州大地的桥、编织成四通八达的交通网络，连接着祖国的四面八方。中国古代桥梁的建筑艺术，有不少是世界桥梁史上的创举，充分显示了中国古代劳动人民的非凡智慧。

73. China is the hometown of bridges, known as the "land of bridges" since ancient times, developing during the Sui Dynasty and flourishing during the Song Dynasty. Bridges scattered across the vast land of China weave a network of transportation that is accessible in all directions, connecting every corner of the motherland. The architectural art of ancient Chinese bridges includes many innovations in the history of world bridges, fully demonstrating the extraordinary wisdom of the ancient Chinese working people.

74. 孤帆远影碧空尽，惟见长江天际流。——唐·李白《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》

74. The lonely sail's shadow fades into the endless blue, only the Yangtze River flows towards the horizon. — Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's "Saying Farewell to Meng Haoran at the Yellow Crane Tower"

75. （春日侍宴幸芙蓉园应制）李峤 径转危峰逼，桥回缺岸妨。（和韦承庆过义阳公主山池其

75. (Springtime Banquet in Favor of the Peony Garden) Li Qiao Path twists near dangerous peak, bridge curves to block the bank's edge. (Accompanying Wei Chengqing at the Princess Yi Yang's mountain and pool)

76. 西塞山前白鹭飞，桃花流水鳜鱼肥。——宋·张志和《渔歌子》

76. White egrets fly in front of Xisi Mountain, mandarin fish are fat in the flowing peach blossoms. — Song Dynasty, Zhang Zhihe, "Fisherman's Song"

77. 乌衣巷 刘禹锡

77. The Street of Wearing White, Liu Yuxi