1. 译文天子不行仁，便保不住他的天下；诸侯不行仁，便保不住他的国家；卿、大夫不行仁，便保不住他的宗庙；一般的老百姓不行仁，便保不住自己的身体。

1. If the Son of Heaven does not act with benevolence, he cannot maintain his realm; if the feudal lords do not act with benevolence, they cannot maintain their states; if the officials and the nobles do not act with benevolence, they cannot maintain their ancestral temples; and if the common people do not act with benevolence, they cannot maintain their own health.

2. 天子不仁，不保四海；诸侯不仁，不保社稷；卿大夫不仁，不保宗庙；士庶人不仁，不保四体。

2. If the Son of Heaven is not benevolent, he cannot protect the四海 (all under heaven); if the feudal lords are not benevolent, they cannot protect the state; if the ministers and officials are not benevolent, they cannot protect the ancestral temples; if the common people are not benevolent, they cannot protect their own bodies and limbs.

3. 译文一国的君主如果喜爱仁德，整个天下便不会有敌手。

3. If a ruler of a country loves benevolence and righteousness, there will be no rival in the entire world.

4. 杨子取为我，拔一毛而利天下，不为也。墨子兼爱，摩顶放踵利天下，为之。

4. Yang Zi takes the philosophy of self-interest, and would not pluck a single hair if it meant benefiting the world. Mo Zi practices universal love, willing to sacrifice from the top of his head to the tips of his toes for the good of the world, and does so.

5. 人有不为也，而后可以有为。人要有所不为，才能有所为。

5. A person must not do certain things before they can do certain things well. One must refrain from certain actions in order to be able to accomplish something.

6. 说诗者，不以文害辞，不以辞害志。以意逆志，是为得之。

6. A poet does not let the words obstruct the meaning, nor does he let the meaning obstruct the spirit. To interpret the spirit by one's own meaning is to truly understand it.

7. 不耻不若人，何若人有？

7. What is the point of not being ashamed to be inferior to others if others are superior?

8. 故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。

8. Therefore, when heaven bestows great responsibilities upon a person, it must first distress their mind and will, exhaust their muscles and bones, starve their bodies, impoverish them, and disrupt their actions, in order to stir their hearts, endure their temperaments, and enhance their abilities beyond what they were capable of.

9. 生于忧患而死于安乐也。

9. It is said that one is born amidst troubles but dies in comfort.

10. 人有不为也，而后可以有为。

10. There are things that people are unwilling to do, and only then can they truly do things.

11. 求则得之，舍则失之；是求有益于得也，求在我者也。求之有道，得之有命，是求无益于得也，求在外者也。

11. Seek and you shall find, abandon and you shall lose; seeking is beneficial for gaining, for what is sought is within oneself. To seek with a proper method, and to gain by fate, is seeking that does not contribute to gaining, for what is sought is outside oneself.

12. 远望之襄王而不似人君，言无人君之威仪也；就而近之而不见所畏焉，言无人君操柄之威也。

12. The king of the distant Xiang is not like a ruler; this means that he lacks the majesty and dignity of a ruler. Approaching him closely, one does not see anything to be feared; this indicates that he lacks the authority and power inherent in a ruler's position.

13. 不以规矩，不成方圆。

13. Without rules, there can be no order and harmony.

14. 译文称一称，才晓得轻重；量一量，才晓得长短。

14. Weigh it to find out its weight; measure it to find out its length and width.

15. 志士不忘在沟壑，勇士不忘丧其元。

15. The virtuous do not forget their place in the ravines, the brave do not forget the loss of their head.

16. 惟仁者宜在高位。不仁而在高位，是播其恶于众也。

16. Only the benevolent should occupy high positions. To be unbenign and yet hold a high position is to disseminate one's wickedness among the people.

17. 人有不为也，而后可以有为也。

17. A person must first not do certain things, then they can do other things.

18. 彼夺其民时，使不得耕耨以养其父母，父母冻饿，兄弟妻子离散。彼陷溺其民，王往而征之，夫谁与王敌。

18. He takes away their time to till the land and provide for their parents, and their parents suffer from cold and hunger. Their brothers, wives, and children are scattered. He leads his people into a abyss, and when the king goes to subdue them, who can stand against the king?

19. 其进锐者，其退速。

19. He who advances too quickly will retreat quickly.

20. 天下之本，国之本在家，家之本在身。

20. The root of the world is the root of the country, the root of the country is in the home, and the root of the home is in oneself.

21. 译文只有道德高尚的仁人，才应该处于统治地位。如果道德低的不仁者处于统治地位，就会把他的罪恶传播给群众。

21. Translation: Only the morally upright and benevolent should hold positions of power. If the morally deficient and unmerciful occupy the seats of power, they will spread their wickedness among the masses.

22. 生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。

22. Life, too, is what I desire; righteousness, too, is what I desire; but if I cannot have both, I would rather give up my life and choose righteousness.

23. 则为王之大夫必问我曰何以利益我家，为大夫既欲利益其家，则为王之士庶人亦必问我曰何以利益我身。假使上至下至於士庶人，皆且取其利益，而国必危乱丧亡矣。

23. Then, as for the king's ministers, they must ask me how it will benefit my family. Since the ministers wish to benefit their own families, the king's officials and common people must also ask me how it will benefit me personally. If, from the highest to the lowest, everyone seeks their own interests, the country will surely be endangered, disrupted, and face loss and destruction.

24. 以力服人者，非心服也，力不赡也；以德服人者，中心悦而诚服也。

24. Those who subdue others by force are not truly submitted in heart; their force is insufficient. Those who subdue others by virtue win the hearts and minds of people, who are then pleased and sincerely submit.

25. 有风人之托物，二雅之正言，可谓直而不倨，曲而不屈，命世亚圣之大才者也。

25. Possessing the ability to personify things as in the 'Book of Songs,' and speaking truly as in the 'Book of Changes,' it can be said that [the poet] is straightforward yet not haughty, flexible yet not yielding, a great talent of the world's distinguished sages.

26. 虽有天下易生之物，一日暴之，十日寒之，未有能生者也。?>

26. Even though there are easy-to-grow things in the world, if you expose them to a sudden heat for a day and then cool them down for ten days, nothing will be able to grow.

27. 五谷者，种之美者也，苟为不熟，不如荑稗。夫仁，亦在乎熟之而已矣。

27. The five grains are the most beautiful of seeds, but if they are not ripe, they are not as good as the millet and barnyard grass. Similarly, benevolence also lies in the process of ripening.

28. 爱人不亲，反其仁；治人不治，反其智；礼人不答，反其敬；行有不得者皆反求诸己，其身正而天下归之。

28. If one loves but is not loved in return, it is a reflection on one's own benevolence; if one governs but is not governed, it is a reflection on one's own wisdom; if one shows respect but is not responded to, it is a reflection on one's own respectfulness. If in any endeavor one does not achieve the desired result, one should seek the cause within oneself. When one's own character is upright, the whole world will be drawn to one.

29. 孟子言未有心存乎仁而遗弃其亲者，亦未有存义而後去其君者。

29. Mencius said that there has never been anyone who, while cherishing benevolence, abandons their parents, nor has there ever been anyone who, while cherishing righteousness, leaves their ruler.

30. 王如知此不足以相笑，王之政犹此也，王虽有移民转粟之善政，其好战残民与邻国同，而独望民之多，何异於五十步笑百步者乎。

30. If Wang knows that this is not enough to laugh at others, then Wang's governance is also like this. Although Wang has the good policy of relocating people and transferring grain, his penchant for war and oppressing the people is no different from that of neighboring countries. What is the difference between laughing at someone who has taken 50 steps compared to 100 steps?

31. 心之官则思，思则得之，不思则不得也。

31. The function of the heart is thinking; if one thinks, one will obtain it, but if one does not think, one will not obtain it.

32. 富岁，子弟多赖；凶岁，子弟多暴，非天之降才而殊也，其所以陷溺其心者然也。

32. In prosperous years, the younger generation tends to be lazy; in years of misfortune, they are often violent. It is not that God bestows different talents on them, but rather it is due to the factors that lead them to be corrupted and immersed in evil.

33. 我善养吾浩然之气。其为气也，至大至刚；以直养而无害，则塞于天地之间。

33. I cultivate my mighty and noble spirit. This spirit is of the utmost greatness and刚度; when nourished with integrity and without harm, it fills the space between heaven and earth.

34. 译文即使有一种最容易生长的植物，晒它一天，又冻它十天，没有能够再生长的。

34. Translation: Even if there is a plant that is easiest to grow, if you expose it to the sun for a day and then freeze it for ten days, it will not be able to grow again.

35. 诚者，天之道也；思诚者，人之道也。非不能也，是不为也。

35. Sincerity is the way of heaven; seeking sincerity is the way of humanity. It is not that one cannot, but that one does not choose to.

36. 虽有天下易生之物，一日暴之，十日寒之，未有能生者也。

36. Even though there are things in the world that are easy to grow, if you expose them to the sun for one day and then expose them to the cold for ten days, none of them will be able to grow.

37. 君仁，莫不仁；君义，莫不义；君正，莫不正。

37. If a ruler is benevolent, then none will be unbenevolent; if a ruler is righteous, then none will be unrighteous; if a ruler is upright, then none will be unrighteous.

38. 译文忧愁患害足以使人生存，安逸快乐足以使人死亡。

38. Translation: Suffering and distress are enough to make a person survive, while comfort and happiness are enough to make a person die.

39. 君子以仁存心，以礼存心。仁者爱人，有礼者敬人。爱人者人恒爱之，敬人者人恒敬之。

39. A gentleman keeps benevolence in his heart and propriety in his heart. The benevolent love others, and the polite respect others. Those who love others are always loved by others, and those who respect others are always respected by others.

40. 人之相识，贵在相知，人之相知，贵在知心。

40. The value of knowing a person lies in understanding them, and the value of understanding a person lies in knowing their heart.

41. 枉己者，未有能直人者也。

41. One who betrays oneself cannot be a person of integrity.

42. 不以规距，不能成方员（圆）。不以六律，不能正五音。

42. Without rules, one cannot form a square (circle). Without the six musical pitch standards, one cannot tune the five musical notes correctly.

43. 权，然后知轻重；度，然后知长短。

43. Only by exercising power can one understand its weight; only by measuring can one know its length and shortness.

44. 恻隐之心，仁之端也；羞恶之心，义之端也；辞让之心，礼之端也；是非之心，智之端也。

44. The feeling of commiseration is the beginning of benevolence; the feeling of shame and aversion is the beginning of righteousness; the feeling of modesty and deference is the beginning of propriety; the feeling of right and wrong is the beginning of wisdom.