1. 空棺材出葬 － <目（木）中无人>

1. Burial with an Empty Coffin - <Eyes (wood) have no one>

2. 在研究歇后语的渊源时，有些语言学家和语言学专著还述及其它有关名称。如陈望道在《修辞学发凡》中，将歇后语列入"藏词"格一节介绍；郭绍虞在《谚语的研究》中，指出歇后语源起于"射覆语"（类似猜谜的一种形式）；另外一些书上又列出诸如"隐语"、"谜语"、"谚语"、"缩脚语"、"俏皮话"等名称。加以比较，大都揭示出其中一些共同之处和相异之点。关于歇后语的分类，向无定说。何况还有不少歇后语，一身兼有几种性质，要划分得十分科学，是比较困难的。为了便于查阅，我们将歇后语条目中凡带有谐音字的归入一类，其余的按照比喻部分的性质分为三类。

2. In the study of the origin of proverbs, some linguists and linguistic monographs also mention other related names. For example, Chen Wangdao in "Introduction to Rhetoric" includes proverbs in the section on "Hidden Words"; Guo Shaoyu in "The Study of Proverbs" points out that proverbs originated from "Shafu language" (a form similar to guessing riddles); and some other books list names such as "secret language," "riddles," "proverbs," "shortened language," and "witty sayings." By comparison, most reveal some commonalities and differences among them. There has been no definitive classification of proverbs. Moreover, many proverbs possess several qualities at once, making it quite difficult to categorize them scientifically. To facilitate reference, we classify all proverbs with homophonic characters into one category, and the rest are divided into three categories according to the nature of the metaphorical part.

3. 歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色，浓郁的生活气息，幽默风趣，耐人寻味，为广大群众所喜闻乐见。

3. The idiom has a distinct national character, a strong sense of life, humor and wit, and is thought-provoking, which is widely favored by the masses.

4. ③火烧眉毛顾眼前← →燃眉之急

4. ③Burnt eyebrows, look at the immediate problem ← → An urgent matter that needs immediate attention

5. 俗语是口语型的，成语是书面语型的。这些语例，兼有俗语和成语的某些特点，看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录，好在这种情况并不算多。

5. Proverbs are colloquial in nature, while idioms are written in a formal style. These examples have certain characteristics of both proverbs and idioms, so it seems that both the dictionary of proverbs and the dictionary of idioms can include them. Fortunately, such cases are not numerous.

6. 若要玉米结，除非叶接叶；若要玉米大，不可叶打架。

6. If you want corn to produce ears, the leaves must be intertwined; if you want corn to be large, the leaves must not clash with each other.

7. 若要叶质嫩，不离雾与云。

7. To keep the leaves tender, they should never be separated from mist and clouds.

8. 曹操吃鸡肋 － <食之无味，弃之可惜>

8. Cao Cao eats chicken ribs – <It's tasteless to eat, and a pity to discard>

9. 被蛇咬伤过的人，见了棕榈叶也害怕。

9. People who have been bitten by a snake are also afraid to see palm leaves.

10. 有的图书称之为“惯用语”，但所涉及的语言现象，却是“俚语”，如：背靠背、开夜车、乱弹琴、磨洋工、冤大头，等等。笔者以前在《俗语五千条》的前言中，曾用“熟语”来称呼描述性的俗语。熟语这一术语的定义，也不十分明确，有的辞典又把它当作高于俗语、成语的术语来使用，而它本身又跟“俗语”的读音近似，某些方言区甚至就是同音词，作为术语，自身有不足之处。再三斟酌，觉得不如用“俚语”来代替。

10. Some books refer to it as "colloquialisms," but the language phenomena involved are actually "slang," such as: back to back, working through the night, fumbling about, loafing, a gullible fool, and so on. In the preface of my book "Five Thousand Popular Sayings," I once used the term "idioms" to describe descriptive popular sayings. The definition of the term "idioms" is not very clear either; some dictionaries even use it as a term that is higher than slang and proverbs, while it itself is phonetically similar to "slang," and in some dialect regions, it is even a homophone. As a term, it has its own shortcomings. After much consideration, I feel that it is better to use the term "slang" instead.

11. 生活有很多的小窍门，人们经常在一些复杂的事情上面，简洁成一句简洁意骇的话来。

11. There are many little tips in life, and people often simplify complex matters into a concise and striking phrase.

12. 以上三组，严格地说，甲为格言，乙为谚语。但是，由于人们教育水准的提高，这些带有文言色彩的格言也进入了口语。我们只能尽可能地加以区分，而不得不承认，实际上存在一些交错现象

12. In strict terms, the first group is a maxim, the second is a proverb. However, due to the improvement in people's educational levels, these maxims with classical Chinese characteristics have also entered everyday speech. We can only differentiate them as much as possible, while having to admit that there are some overlapping phenomena in practice.

13. 弄堂里搬木头 － <直来直去>

13. Lifting wood in the alley – <straightforward>

14. 烟叶肥皂，治虫良药。

14. Tobacco leaf soap, an excellent medicine for treating pests.

15. ◆不当家，不知柴米贵；不生子，不知父母恩。

15.◆ He who has never been in charge of a household does not know the value of firewood and rice; he who has never had children does not know the love of parents.

16. 有一年，慈禧太后忽然得了重病，头痛，心痛，肚皮痛，病到奄奄一息的地步，急得满朝文武百官团团转。北京城里名医车载斗量，可是对西太后的病症，都束手无策。是没有本领吗？不是的，实在是责任太大，在用药上为难了，轻了不见效，重了怕万一失误，吃罪不起。所以，弄得慈禧太后的毛病一天危急一天，眼看就要横下来了。

16. One year, the Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly fell seriously ill, suffering from headaches, chest pain, and abdominal pain, to the point of being on the brink of death, causing the officials in the imperial court to be in a state of panic. Beijing was full of renowned doctors, but none could find a solution to the Empress Dowager's illness. Was it because they lacked skill? Not at all; it was simply because the responsibility was too great. They were at a loss in terms of medication, as anything too mild would not show any effect, while anything too strong might lead to an accidental mistake that they could not bear the blame for. Therefore, the condition of the Empress Dowager Cixi grew more critical day by day, and it seemed as if she was about to pass away at any moment.

17. “早吃生姜晚吃萝卜，郎中先生急得哭”的谚语由来

17. "Early ginger, late radish, even the doctor is crying in a hurry" is a proverb that originated from...

18. ⑤不敢越雷池一步（形象，精练，七字，俗语← →成语）

18. ⑤ Don't dare to cross the forbidden line (figurative, concise, seven-character idiom → idiom)

19. 以上各组例句，甲、乙意思相同，甲为俗语，乙为成语。俗语以形象为主体；成语以精练为特色。俗语多为完整的句子，长短不一，运用时可以变通；成语多为四个字的稳定结构，形式整齐。俗语流行于人民群众的口头上，文字上保持着通俗的特点；成语多用作书面语，文字上趋向典雅。从这一比较中，可以从主要方面作出界定：俗语是以形象为主体的通俗的口语，它的结构形式相对稳定，而在实际运用中可以灵活变通。

19. In the above groups of example sentences, the meanings of A and B are the same, with A being a colloquialism and B a proverb. Colloquialisms are characterized by their imagery, while proverbs are known for their conciseness. Colloquialisms are mostly complete sentences with varying lengths, and can be flexible in use; proverbs are usually a stable structure of four characters, with a neat form. Colloquialisms are popular among the people, maintaining the characteristics of being通俗 (popular and simple) in writing; proverbs are mostly used in written language, tending towards elegance in writing. From this comparison, we can mainly define: colloquialisms are popular oral expressions with imagery as the main subject, their structural form is relatively stable, but can be flexible in practical use.

20. 判断树的好坏，要看果子，不要看叶子。

20. To judge the quality of a tree, look at the fruit, not the leaves.

21. 俚语，这个术语有时跟俗语相混，俚俗并称。这个“俚”，跟“乡里”之“里”有关，望文生义，也就是里人（乡下人）的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混，而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语，不如就借用“俚语”一词，来专指这些描述性的俗语。

21. Colloquialisms, a term sometimes confused with proverbs, are often mentioned together. The character "俚" in "俚语" is related to the character "里" in "乡里," which, when taken at face value, means "people of the village" or "countryfolk." Colloquialisms often refer to local dialects with regional characteristics. Since colloquialisms are sometimes mixed up with proverbs, and "idioms" actually refer to colloquialisms more often, it would be more appropriate to borrow the term "colloquialisms" to specifically refer to these descriptive proverbs.

22. 枯树没有叶，空话不顶用。?>

22. Dead trees have no leaves, empty talk is not useful.

23. ①①一网打尽满河鱼← → 一网打尽

23. ①①Catch all the fish in the river with one net ← → Catch all with one net

24. ⑨怕噎了嗓子不吃饭← →因噎废食

24. ⑨ Fear of choking on food and not eating ← → Discarding food due to a single choking incident

25. ⑥拉完磨杀驴← →卸磨杀驴

25. ⑥ Kill the donkey after grinding the corn → Kill the donkey after unloading the corn

26. 一叶浮萍归大海，为人何处不相逢。

26. A leaf floats to the great sea, where can one not meet others?

27. 歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分构成，前半截是形象的比喻，象谜面，后半截是解释、说明，象谜底，十分自然贴切。

27. The idiom is a special form of language created by the masses of people in their practical life experiences. It usually consists of two parts: the first part is a vivid metaphor, like a riddle's question, and the second part is the explanation and clarification, like the answer to the riddle, which is very natural and appropriate.

28. 楚霸王举鼎 － <力大无穷>

28. Chu Yuan Hong lifts the tripod - <Infinite Strength>

29. 牡丹虽好，终须绿叶扶持。

29. Though peonies are beautiful, they still need the support of green leaves.

30. 这类歇后语，则是用某种或某些物件作比方。了解设比物的性质，也就能领悟它的意思。

30. This kind of idiom uses certain objects as metaphors. Understanding the nature of the metaphorical objects can also help to grasp its meaning.

31. 这类歇后语，一般是引用常见的典故、寓言和神话传说等作比方。上述两例，只要知道项羽、曹操故事的，一般也能了然。

31. This type of idiom usually uses common allusions, fables, and myths as metaphors. With the above two examples, anyone familiar with the stories of Xiang Yu and Cao Cao can generally understand them.

32. 秋后的蚂蚁 － <蹦达不了几天>

32. Ants after autumn - <Can't dance for long>

33. 还有，谚语为人们对生产,生活中长期积累的经验进行描述的简练语言，这个就是它的来源。。

33. Moreover, proverbs are concise languages that describe the long-term accumulated experience of people in production and life, which is the origin of this.

34. 回答者：kgdxk - 董事长 十六级 9-

34. Respondent: kgdxk - Chairman, Level 16, 9-

35. 俗语和成语，有时候也可能互相转化，并同时存在。例如：

35. Proverbs and idioms can sometimes transform into each other and coexist simultaneously. For example:

36. 这一部分语句是描述性的，跟总结知识经验的谚语不同，而又无确定的术语，现在只是笼统地称为俗语，实在有必要把它跟谚语区别开来，给它一个确定的名称。

36. This part of the text is descriptive, different from the proverbs that summarize knowledge and experience, and it lacks specific terminology. It is currently only loosely referred to as colloquialisms. It is indeed necessary to distinguish it from proverbs and give it a definite name.

37. 综上所述，谚语，俚语（描述性的俗语），歇后语，这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句，与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别，它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。

37. In summary, proverbs, colloquialisms (descriptive idioms), and riddles make up the whole of popular sayings. Popular sayings are oral in nature, distinct from written expressions like idioms and proverbs, and they constitute two major systems of the Chinese language: oral and written.

38. 曹沧州像个乡下佬，平常不欢喜开口，走路也是慢吞吞的。这天，他接到圣旨，顿时面如土色，抱着一家老小嚎啕大哭。他认定，西太后若不到不可救药的地步，是不会从京城到苏州来请他的，治不好西太后，医生要殉葬，自己这条命是有去无回了。可圣旨不能违拗，曹沧洲只好硬着头皮动身。他一到北京刚住下，就借口路上受了风寒，便卧床不起，其实生病是假：要摸慈禧太后生病的根子是真。头一件大事是查看她吃了些什么药？不查不知道，一查吓一跳。慈禧太后每天吃的山珍海味不说，单是人参一项，日日恨不得泡在参汤里洗浴。还有燕窝、银耳，更是当饭吃。曹沧洲想到，医书上早有记载：“滋补过多，必然食阻中焦，中焦闭塞，危在旦夕。”找出病源，他的胆子大了，便去替慈禧太后看病了。

38. Cao Changzhou, like an country bumpkin, is usually not inclined to speak, and walks slowly as well. On this day, when he received the imperial edict, he turned pale as earth, crying out loudly with his whole family. He believed that if the Empress Dowager Cixi had not reached a point of no return, she would not have come to Suzhou from the capital to summon him. If the Empress Dowager could not be cured, the doctor would have to commit suicide along with her, and his life would be lost forever. However, he couldn't defy the imperial edict, so he had to leave with a heavy heart. Upon his arrival in Beijing and settling in, he claimed to have caught a cold on the road, and lay in bed, unable to get up. In fact, he was pretending to be sick: his real intention was to uncover the root of the Empress Dowager's illness. The first important task was to investigate what medicine she was taking? Not knowing was not knowing, but upon investigation, he was shocked. Not only were the delicacies and delicacies the Empress Dowager ate every day, but she also wanted to bathe in ginseng soup every day. There were also bird's nests and tremella, which she ate like food. Cao Changzhou thought of it, and the records in the medical books had long said: "Overindulgence in nourishing food will inevitably block the middle burner, and if the middle burner is blocked, it is a matter of life and death." After finding the source of the disease, his courage grew, and he went to treat the Empress Dowager.

39. 语言只不过是叶子，行动才是果实。

39. Language is but a leaf, action is the fruit.

40. 格言也总结知识经验，寓有思想意义。但仔细区分，仍稍有不同。格言所总结的知识经验主要是社会方面的，多属逻辑思维，是哲理性的语句，常出自名人名著；而谚语总结的知识经验不限于社会方面，也包括自然科学、生产实践（如农谚），它出自人民群众之口，多属形象思维，是文学性的语言。这种区别，应该把格言归入书面语一类，把谚语归入口语一类。但是，也难免有交错的情况。

40. Proverbs also summarize knowledge and experience, carrying ideological significance. However, upon careful distinction, there is still a slight difference. The knowledge and experience summarized by proverbs are mainly social, often logical in thinking, philosophical in nature, and commonly found in the works of famous people; whereas the knowledge and experience summarized by sayings are not limited to social aspects but also include natural sciences, productive practices (such as agricultural proverbs), and originate from the mouths of the masses. They tend to be more imagery in thinking and literary in language. This distinction suggests that proverbs should be categorized with written language, while sayings should be grouped with spoken language. Nevertheless, there are inevitably cases of overlap.

41. 一叶障目，不见泰山。

41. A leaf in front of the eyes, the Taihang Mountains cannot be seen.

42. 一个巴掌打不响 -- <孤掌难鸣>；

42. A single hand cannot make a sound -- ;

43. 在一般的语言中。通常只要说出前半截，"歇"去后半截，就可以领会和猜出它的本意，所以称它为歇后语。

43. In general language, it is usually enough to say the first half and "omit" the second half to understand and guess its true meaning, hence it is called an idiom or a pun.

44. 有些图书把俗语、谚语并称为俗谚，把它们汇编在一起。汇编在一起是可以理解的，但二者并不相等。谚语只是俗语的一部分，它是一些总结知识经验，寓有思想意义的俗语。如：

44. Some books refer to proverbs and idioms collectively as "popular proverbs" and compile them together. Compiling them together is understandable, but the two are not equal. A proverb is only a part of an idiom, representing a set of idioms that summarize knowledge and experience and carry ideological significance. For example:

45. 好麦不见叶，好谷不见穗。

45. Good wheat has no leaves, good grain has no ears.

46. 新科状元是苏州人，奏了一本，说苏州有位祖传名医叫曹沧洲，绰号赛华佗，有妙手回春之术，将他请来，或许太后的福体可以转安。

46. The new top scholar is from Suzhou, and he submitted a memorial stating that there is a renowned doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in Suzhou named Cao Cangzhou, known by the nickname "Beating He Who Heals," who possesses the miraculous skill to bring back the spring of life. By inviting him to the palace, perhaps the empress dowager's health might improve.

47. 若要烟叶整整齐，摘心抹芽要及时。

47. To keep the tobacco leaves neat and tidy, timely thinning and topping must be done.

48. 谚语是在人民群众中广泛流传的固定语句，是人民群众在长期生活实践中总结出来的经验和教训的结晶。谚语虽然简单通俗，但反映的道理却非常深刻。

48. Proverbs are fixed phrases widely spread among the people, which are the crystallization of experiences and lessons summarized by the people through their long-term life practices. Although proverbs are simple and popular, they reflect profound truths.

49. 歇后语、俏皮话，基本上是同义词。歇后语是语言学上的术语，俏皮话是口头上的称呼。

49. Idiomatic sayings and witticisms are basically synonyms. An idiom is a term used in linguistics, while a witticism is a colloquial term.

50. ⑩什么病吃什么药← →对症下药

50. ⑩ What disease to take what medicine ← → Treatment based on the symptoms

51. 这类歇后语，是利用同音字或近音字相谐，由原来的意义引申出所需要的另一个意义。这类歇后语，往往要转几个弯，才能领悟它的意思。因而也更饶有兴味。

51. This type of idiom utilizes homophones or near-sound homophones to harmonize, deriving another required meaning from the original one. This type of idiom often requires several twists and turns to grasp its meaning, making it even more interesting.

52. ①板凳没焐热← →席不暇暖

52. ①The bench is not yet warm enough to sit on← →There's no time to warm the seat

53. 有的文章中偶尔也把俗语称作成语。俗语和成语都是汉语中的约定俗成的语言形式，二者关系密切。“约定俗成”这一成语，就包含着俗、成二字。但从学习的角度来看，它们还是各有特点的。试比较下列例句：

53. Occasionally, some articles also refer to proverbs as idioms. Both proverbs and idioms are conventional language forms in Chinese, and they are closely related. The idiom "conventionally formed" itself contains the characters "common" and "formed." However, from the perspective of learning, they each have their own characteristics. Let's compare the following examples:

54. 据观测，在我国许多地方。如见蜘蛛张网，阴雨天气将会转晴。如见蜘蛛收网，天气将转为阴雨。

54. Observation shows that in many places in our country, if spiders are seen spreading their webs, it will indicate that the overcast and rainy weather will clear up. Conversely, if spiders are seen retracting their webs, it will suggest that the weather will turn cloudy and rainy.

55. 俗语中一部分为谚语，另一部分是描述性的语句，它们并没有总结知识经验，而只是表述一种情态。如：

55. A part of the proverbs is the saying, and the other part is descriptive statements. They do not summarize knowledge and experience, but simply express a mood. For example:

56. ◆山是一步一步登上来的，船是一橹一橹摇出去的。

56. ◆The mountain was climbed step by step, and the boat was rowed out stroke by stroke.

57. 俗语，也称常言，俗话，这三者应该是同义词。俗语一词，已经普遍用作语言学的术语；常言一词，带有文言的色彩；俗话一词，则有口语的气息。

57. The idiom, also known as common saying, folk saying, these three terms should be synonyms. The word "idiom" has been commonly used as a term in linguistics; the word "common saying" carries the flavor of classical Chinese; while the word "folk saying" has an oral tone.

58. ①黄鼠狼看鸡，越看越稀（前为形象，后为解释，经验之谈→谚语）

58. ① The weasel watching the chicken, the more it watches, the rarer it becomes (the former being a metaphor, the latter being an explanation, from practical experience to a proverb)

59. ⑤鸡飞蛋打一场空← →鸡飞蛋打

59. ⑤A chicken flying and eggs breaking for nothing ← → A chicken flying and eggs breaking

60. 遇有交叉兼类情况的，则归入其特点更为明显的一类。如

60. In cases where there is an overlap between categories, they should be classified into the category with more pronounced characteristics. For example,

61. 养鸡养蚕，利有眼前。若要蚕好，先要叶好。

61. Raising chickens and silkworms brings immediate benefits. To ensure good silkworms, one must first have good leaves.

62. ②三天打鱼，两天晒网（形象，八个字，成语→俗语）

62. ② Fish for three days and dry the nets for two (figurative, eight characters, idiom → colloquial saying)

63. ⑧没喝过墨水← →胸无点墨

63. ⑧ Never drunk ink ← → Lacking in literary accomplishment

64. ◆不下水，一辈子不会游泳；不扬帆，一辈子不会撑船。

64.◆ If you never get in the water, you will never learn to swim; if you never hoist a sail, you will never learn to row a boat.

65. ③芝麻开花，节节高（前为形象，后为解释，描述性俗语→俚语）

65. ③ Sesame seeds bloom, each step higher (the former is a metaphor, the latter is an explanation, a descriptive colloquialism → slang)