1. 卫生谚语是人们根据卫生保健知识概括而成的。如：

1. Sanitary proverbs are summarized by people based on health care knowledge. For example:

2. ②竹篮子打水，一场空（前为形象，后为解释，描述性俗语→俚语）

2. ② Empty basket, all for nothing (the first part is a metaphor, the second part is the explanation, a descriptive colloquialism → slang)

3. 一天不写手生，一天不读口生。

3. Not writing for a day makes one's hands clumsy, and not reading for a day makes one's mouth clumsy.

4. 棋盘里的卒子 － <只能进不能退>

4. The Pawns on the Chessboard - <Can only move forward, not backward>

5. ③国家的事再小也是大的，个人的事再大也是小的

5. ③ Even the smallest matter of the state is of great importance, and even the greatest matter of an individual is of little significance.

6. 当着真人，别说假话。

6. Don't tell lies in the presence of the real person.

7. 学好三年，学坏三天。

7. It takes three years to learn, but three days to become bad.

8. 要知山中路，先问打柴人。

8. To know the path in the mountains, first ask the woodcutter.

9. 树怕烂根，人怕无志。

9. Trees fear rotten roots, people fear a lack of ambition.

10. 这类歇后语，则是用某种或某些物件作比方。了解设比物的性质，也就能领悟它的意思。

10. This kind of idiom uses certain objects as metaphors. Understanding the nature of the metaphorical objects also allows you to comprehend the meaning of the idiom.

11. 吃饭尝的吃，做事想的做。

11. Eat as you eat and act as you think.

12. 弄堂里搬木头 － <直来直去>

12. Moving wood in the alley - <straight as an arrow>

13. 门前车马非为贵，家有书生不算贫。

13. Not wealth is it to have horses and chariots at the gate, but not poverty to have a scholar at home.

14. 发誓发得灵，监房无罪人。

14. Sworn testimony brings innocence to the falsely accused in prison.

15. 知足称君子，贪婪是小人。

15. Contentment is the hallmark of a gentleman, greed is the trait of a small-minded person.

16. 我们有理由认为，这是当时流行在民间的俗语，是出于一般人民的生活经验。这类古代的歇后语，虽然很少见于文字记载，但在民间流传相信是不少的。如钱大昕《恒言录》所载："千里寄鹅毛，物轻人意重，复斋所载宋时谚也。"这类歇后语，直到今天还继续为人们所使用。

16. We have reason to believe that this was a popular proverb among the common people of that time, derived from their daily life experiences. Such ancient proverbs, although rarely found in written records, are believed to have been quite numerous in the folk tradition. As recorded in Qian Dacheng's "Record of Constant Sayings": "A feather sent a thousand miles, the object is light but the sentiment is heavy, a proverb of the Song Dynasty as recorded by Fu Zhai." These proverbs are still in use by people today.

17. 俚语，这个术语有时跟俗语相混，俚俗并称。这个“俚”，跟“乡里”之“里”有关，望文生义，也就是里人（乡下人）的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混，而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语，不如就借用“俚语”一词，来专指这些描述性的俗语。

17. Slang, this term is sometimes confused with proverbs, often referred to as slang and colloquialisms together. This "slang" is related to the "li" in "country people" (countryfolk). Literally, it means "people of the same village" (country people). Slang often refers to local dialects with a regional flavor. Since it is sometimes confused with proverbs, and "colloquialisms" actually often refer to slang, it might be better to borrow the term "slang" to specifically refer to these descriptive colloquialisms.

18. 综上所述，谚语，俚语（描述性的俗语），歇后语，这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句，与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别，它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。

18. In summary, proverbs, colloquialisms (descriptive slang), and idioms form the whole of popular sayings. Popular sayings are oral in nature, distinct from fixed expressions and maxims of written language, and they constitute two major systems of Chinese: spoken and written.

19. 这类歇后语，一般是引用常见的典故、寓言和神话传说等作比方。上述两例，只要知道项羽、曹操故事的，一般也能了然。

19. This type of idiom usually uses common allusions, fables, and myths as comparisons. With the above two examples, anyone who knows the stories of Xiang Yu and Cao Cao should be able to understand them easily.

20. 不吃酒，脸不红；不做贼，心不惊。

20. No wine, no red face; no thievery, no heart palpitations.

21. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。

21. If one wants others not to know, one should not do it themselves.

22. 歇后语，是我们中国人特有的智慧与趣味语言，也是民间爱用的一种语法。

22. The idiom is a unique wisdom and humorous language of the Chinese people, as well as a grammar commonly used by the folk.

23. 宁伸扶人手，莫开陷人口。

23. It is better to lend a helping hand to others than to open a trap for them.

24. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

24. If you don't enter the tiger's cave, how can you get the tiger's cub?

25. 有的图书称之为“惯用语”，但所涉及的语言现象，却是“俚语”，如：背靠背、开夜车、乱弹琴、磨洋工、冤大头，等等。笔者以前在《俗语五千条》的前言中，曾用“熟语”来称呼描述性的俗语。熟语这一术语的定义，也不十分明确，有的辞典又把它当作高于俗语、成语的术语来使用，而它本身又跟“俗语”的读音近似，某些方言区甚至就是同音词，作为术语，自身有不足之处。再三斟酌，觉得不如用“俚语”来代替。

25. Some books call it "colloquialism," but the linguistic phenomena involved are actually "slang," such as: to sit back-to-back, to pull all-nighters, to blabber, to loaf, to be a fool, and so on. In the preface to my book "Five Thousand Popular Sayings," I used the term "idiomatic expressions" to describe descriptive colloquialisms. The definition of the term "idiomatic expressions" is not very clear either; some dictionaries use it as a term that is higher than slang and idioms, while it also sounds similar to the pronunciation of "slang." In some dialect areas, it is even a homonym. As a term, it has its own shortcomings. After much consideration, I feel that it is better to use "slang" instead.

26. 北风头，南风尾（北风开头大，南风越刮越大）。

26. North wind at the head, south wind at the tail (the north wind starts strong, and the south wind grows stronger as it blows).

27. 偷来钱，两三天；血汗钱，万万年。

27. Money stolen, for two or three days; money earned through sweat and blood, for ten thousand years.

28. 冷水发面 － <没多大长劲>

28. Cold Water Noodles - <Not very energetic>

29. 不怕虎狼当面坐，只怕人前两面刀。

29. It's not the tigers and wolves that I fear sitting face to face, but the double-edged sword in front of people.

30. 小时偷针，大了偷金。

30. Steal needles when young, steal gold when grown.

31. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

31. As long as there is the green mountain, there is no need to fear that there will be no firewood.

32. 学习谚语：多是学习经验的总结，激励人们发奋学习。如： 世上无难事，只要肯登攀。

32. Learn proverbs: They are mostly summaries of learning experiences and inspire people to study diligently. For example: There is nothing difficult in the world, as long as one is willing to climb.

33. 歇后语形式上是半截话（前半为形象或事例，后半为解释、说明），实际上是要把话说得更形象些，更具体些。因此，歇后语应该包括在俗语之内。不过，歇后语中的形象常常是漫画式的，带有戏谑调侃的色彩。它用种种修辞手段，对字、词、语、句（包括俗语本身）加以修饰，使之生动活泼。因而跟谚语、描述性俗语（改称俚语），又有些不同。如：

33. The idiom is formally a half-sentence (the first half being an image or example, and the second half being an explanation or clarification), but in actuality, it is meant to make the expression more vivid and more specific. Therefore, idioms should be included within the category of proverbs. However, the images in idioms are often cartoonish and carry a playful, teasing tone. They use various rhetorical devices to embellish words, phrases, sentences (including the proverbs themselves), making them lively and animated. Thus, they differ from proverbs and descriptive idioms (referred to as slang). For example:

34. 谚语是在人民群众中广泛流传的固定语句，是人民群众在长期生活实践中总结出来的经验和教训的结晶。谚语虽然简单通俗，但反映的道理却非常深刻。

34. Proverbs are fixed phrases widely spread among the people, crystallizing the experiences and lessons summarized by the people in their long-term practice of life. Although proverbs are simple and通俗, they reflect very profound truths.

35. 曹操吃鸡肋 － <食之无味，弃之可惜>

35. Cao Cao eats chicken ribs – <It tastes tasteless to eat, and it's a pity to discard>

36. 上梁不正下梁歪，中梁不正倒下来。

36. If the top beam is not straight, the lower beam will be crooked; if the central beam is not straight, it will collapse.

37. 气象谚语：这是人们在长期的生产实践中，观察气象的经验总结。如： 蚂蚁搬家蛇过道，大雨马上就来到。

37. Weather Proverb: This is the summary of people's experience in observing weather, based on their long-term production practice. For example: When ants start moving and snakes cross the path, a heavy rain is bound to come soon.

38. 耳听不如眼见，眼见不如实干。

38. Seeing is believing, but believing is not as good as doing.

39. 楚霸王举鼎 － <力大无穷>

39. Chu Yuanzhang lifting a tripod - <Infinite Strength>

40. 勤奋长才干，实践出真知。

40. Diligence fosters talent, and practice yields true knowledge.

41. 同君一夜话，胜读十年书。

41. Talking with you for one night is better than reading ten years of books.

42. ③芝麻开花，节节高（前为形象，后为解释，描述性俗语→俚语）

42. ③ The sesame plant blooms, and its stems grow higher and higher (the former is a metaphor, and the latter is an explanation; a descriptive colloquialism → slang)

43. 天上下雨地下滑，自己跌倒自己爬。

43. Rain falls from the sky and the ground becomes slippery; if you fall, you get back up on your own.

44. 最早出现"歇后"这一名称的是在唐代。《旧唐书。郑綮列传》中就已提到过有所谓"郑五歇后体"（一种"歇后"体诗）。但它作为一种语言形式和语言表现，远在先秦时期就已出现了。如《战国策。楚策四》："亡羊而补牢，未为迟也。"意思是说，失了羊再去修补羊圈，还不算太晚。这是我们今天所看到的最早的歇后语。

44. The earliest appearance of the term "歇后" is during the Tang Dynasty. It is mentioned in "The Old Book of Tang: Biography of Zheng Que" that there was a so-called "Zheng Wu Xiehou style" (a style of poetry known as "Xiehou"). However, as a form of language and linguistic expression, it had already emerged far earlier, during the Warring States period. As mentioned in "The Strategies of the Warring States: Strategy of Chu, Chapter Four": "If a sheep is lost and the pen is repaired afterwards, it is not too late." This means that it is not too late to fix the sheep pen after the sheep is lost. This is the earliest example of an idiom we see today.

45. 俗语中一部分为谚语，另一部分是描述性的语句，它们并没有总结知识经验，而只是表述一种情态。如：

45. Some proverbs are idioms, while others are descriptive statements. They do not summarize knowledge or experience, but merely express a mood. For example: