1. 闲时积肥忙时用，渴了挖井来不及。要想吃个香的，就得拾个脏的。趁空多捡粪，时雨快耕田。

1. Store fertilizer during leisure to use it in busy times; dig a well when you're thirsty, it's too late. If you want to eat something fragrant, you have to pick something dirty. Take advantage of the time to collect manure; when the timely rain comes, it's time to plow the fields.

2. 麦熟两怕，风吹雨打；若要不怕，抓紧镰把。谷黄谷黄，人人上场。

2. There are two fears when the wheat is ripe: wind and rain. If you don't want to fear, hold the sickle tightly. When the grain turns yellow, everyone goes into action.

3. 庄稼就怕比着看，稀植打八斗，密植打一石。稀苗结大穗，密植多打粮。

3. The crops are afraid of being compared; sparse planting yields eight measures, dense planting yields one stone. Sparse plants produce large ears, and dense planting yields more grain.

4. 少种不如多种，粗种不如种好。若要富，庄稼开个杂货铺。

4. It's better to grow a variety of crops than just a few, and it's better to grow high-quality crops than coarse ones. If you want to become wealthy, open a general store for your crops.

5. 田泥上山金不换，土泥下田收万石。薄地上熟土，一亩顶两亩。

5. Topsoil on the mountain is invaluable, and clay soil in the fields yields ten thousand stones. Fertile soil on thin land is as good as two acres.

6. 肥多不浇烧坏苗，粪大水勤长得好。底肥三年壮。

6. Too much fertilizer without irrigation can burn the seedlings, while abundant manure and frequent watering lead to good growth. The base fertilizer takes three years to strengthen.

7. 稻耥三遍粮满仓，棉锄七遍白如霜。一粒粮食一滴汗，粮不进仓心不安。一年劳动在于秋，粮不到仓不算收。一年庄稼看一秋，一日不收一日丢。三春不如一秋忙，秋忙一日顶三晌。抢收如抢宝，过秋收把草。

7. Thrice threshed rice fills the granary full, seven times weeded cotton looks as white as frost. A grain of food, a drop of sweat; the heart is not at ease until the grain is stored in the granary. The year's labor is counted in autumn; if the grain is not in the granary, it's not a harvest. The whole year's crops depend on a single autumn; if a day's harvest is missed, a day's income is lost. Three spring seasons are not as busy as one autumn; a busy autumn day is worth three normal days. Harvesting is like grabbing a treasure; after autumn, one gathers the leftover straw.

8. 黑夜冷，白天晴，红苕一定好收成。谷斗响，红苕正在长。

8. At night it's cold, and during the day it's sunny, sweet potatoes are sure to have a good harvest. The grain pot is making a sound, the sweet potatoes are growing.

9. 早中耕，地发暖；多中耕，地不板；深中耕，抗涝旱。早耕有三好：烂泥、杀虫又死草。

9. Early tillage warms the soil; more tillage prevents soil hardening; deep tillage resists waterlogging and drought. Early tillage has three benefits: breaks up mud, kills pests, and eliminates weeds.

10. 麦子倒了无种，荞麦倒了产量丰。烂冬油菜干冬麦。

10. When wheat falls over, there is no seed; when buckwheat falls over, the yield is abundant. In a bad winter, rapeseed dries up and winter wheat is wasted.

11. 厚盖谷子薄盖麻，不薄不厚把麦压。种田要抢先，收割要抢天。

11. The millet is covered thickly, the sesame thinly, and the wheat is pressed neither too thin nor too thick. Farming should be done in a rush, and harvesting should be done at the right time.

12. 若要好，三凑巧：粪大、水足、种子饱。肥田不如肥种。

12. If you want to do well, three things must coincide: abundant manure, plenty of water, and full seeds. Good soil is not as good as good seeds.

13. 冷粪果木热粪菜，生粪上地连根坏。没粪不种豆，粪大萝卜粗。

13. Cold dung on fruit trees, hot dung on vegetable gardens; raw dung on the ground ruins the roots. Without dung, one doesn't plant beans; with plenty of dung, radishes grow thick.

14. 一犁三耙，不是瞎话；光犁不耙，枉打一夏。、干耕干耙，湿耕湿耙；光耕不耙，种不上庄稼。秋前不打田，秋后叫皇天。

14. One plow and three harrows is not an idle tale; if you only plow and don't harrow, you'll be wasting your summer efforts. Dry plowing and dry harrowing, wet plowing and wet harrowing; if you only plow and don't harrow, you won't be able to plant crops. Not preparing the fields before autumn means calling upon the heavens after autumn.

15. 金子的真假匠人深知，病情的轻重大夫深知。（哈萨克族）

15. True and false goldsmiths know well, as do physicians, the severity of illness. (Kazakh)

16. 身冷的人和衣裳亲近，有病的人和医生亲近。（蒙古族）

16. People who feel cold are close to their clothes, and those who are sick are close to their doctors. (Mongolian)

17. 饭前一碗汤，气死好药方；饭后一百步，强如上药铺。

17. A bowl of soup before a meal, it's better than the best medicine; walking a hundred steps after a meal, it's stronger than any pharmacy.

18. 草原上的睡蛇不等醒来就要打死，身上的疾病不等发作就要医治。（柯尔克孜族）

18. A sleeping snake on the grasslands should be killed before it wakes up, and a disease on the body should be treated before it erupts. (Kirgiz)

19. 你若隐瞒自己的病，你的尸体会暴露在人面前。（柯尔克孜族）

19. If you hide your illness, your body will be exposed to people. (Kirgiz)

20. 风声雨声读书声声声入耳，家事国事天下事事事关心。

20. The sound of the wind, rain, and reading all enter the ears; concerning family matters, national affairs, and world affairs, every matter is of concern.

21. 世界上三种东西最宝贵--知识、粮食和友谊。

21. The three most precious things in the world are knowledge, food, and friendship.

22. 清晨不起早，误一天的事；幼年不勤学，误一生的事。

22. Not rising early in the morning can miss a day's affair; not studying diligently in one's youth can mislead one's whole life.

23. 世界上三种东西最宝贵--知识、粮食和友谊。（缅甸谚语）

23. The three most precious things in the world are knowledge, food, and friendship. (Burmese Proverb)

24. 不向前走，不知路远；不努力学习，不明白真理。

24. Not moving forward, one does not know the distance of the road; not studying diligently, one does not understand the truth.

25. 家丑不可外扬。( )

25. Family affairs should not be made public. ( )

26. 知识好像砂石下的泉水，掘得越深，泉水越清。

26. Knowledge is like spring water beneath the sand, the deeper you dig, the clearer the water becomes.

27. 学到很多东西的决窍，就是一下子不要学很多的东西。

27. The secret to learning a lot of things is not to learn too many things at once.

28. 学习不但意味着接受新知识，同时还要修正错误乃至对错误的认识。

28. Learning not only means accepting new knowledge, but also correcting mistakes and even the understanding of mistakes.

29. 作者不一定能写到老，但是他一定应该学到老。

29. The author may not be able to write until old age, but he should definitely keep learning throughout his life.

30. 成功的科学家往往是兴趣广泛的人，他们的独创精神来自他们的博学。

30. Successful scientists are often individuals with wide-ranging interests, and their originality comes from their extensive knowledge.

31. 一个人的度量是一种精神力量，是一股强大的文明力量。

31. A person's measure is a spiritual power, a powerful force of civilization.

32. 知识是智慧的火炬。( )

32. Knowledge is the torch of wisdom. ( )

33. 大家在平常种花时，有时不知道什么原因，花朵出现了枯黄、根烂、凋谢的情况。其实还有很多花往往会有根烂，是平时浇灌不合理所造成的，尤其是一些怕涝灾的花卉，水浇得过频，使盆景土长期性潮湿干不了，就会出现闷根，造成叶片发黄掉下来，很严重的会整棵凋谢掉。像以下这5养花也不喜浇灌过频，在保养的时候要保证干透浇透。

33. When planting flowers in everyday life, sometimes for no apparent reason, the flowers may turn yellow, their roots rot, and wither. In fact, many flowers often have rotten roots, which are caused by improper watering in daily care, especially for flowers that are afraid of waterlogging. If watered too frequently, the soil in the pots will remain permanently moist and unable to dry, leading to root rot. This can cause the leaves to turn yellow and fall off, and in severe cases, the whole plant may wither. Similar to the following five types of flowers, they also dislike being watered too frequently. In the process of maintenance, it is important to ensure that the soil is thoroughly dried and watered.

34. 玉树是非常好养观赏性植物，不但耐贫乏、旱灾，并且生长发育速度特别快，两年就可成长为粗大的下山桩。但在保养玉树的过程当中，也常常会出现有烂根的情况。

34. Jade Tree is an excellent ornamental plant to cultivate, not only being resistant to poverty and drought, but also growing at an exceptionally fast pace, capable of becoming a thick and large rootstock in just two years. However, during the process of caring for Jade Trees, root rot often occurs as well.

35. 玉树产生根烂多半是因为盆景土渗透性差，平常也给它浇灌过频所导致的，它根茎并不是很发达，盆景土太潮湿的情况下，根茎就不可以正常进行光合作用，时间长了发生闷根。因此养玉树都是采用松散透气的营养土，平常浇灌别太勤，得等盆景土彻底做了前去给他浇一次透水。

35. The root rot in jade trees is mostly caused by poor permeability of the potting soil and excessive watering. The root system of jade trees is not very developed. When the potting soil is too wet, the roots cannot carry out photosynthesis normally, which can lead to root rot over time. Therefore, when cultivating jade trees, it is recommended to use loose and breathable nutrient soil, and water it less frequently. Wait until the potting soil is completely dry before watering it thoroughly.

36. 仙人掌是很结实好养观赏性植物，许多不容易种花的朋友们，也会选择养几株仙人掌，保养好啦每日也都能给出漂亮的花。可是仙人掌也怕经常去浇灌，水浇勤了得话，盆景土潮湿干不了，根处就会出现烂掉，一直涌向全部植物。

36. Cacti are sturdy and easy-to-care-for ornamental plants. Many friends who find it difficult to grow flowers often choose to keep a few cacti. With proper care, they can provide beautiful flowers every day. However, cacti also fear being watered too frequently. If watered too often, the potting soil becomes damp and cannot dry out, leading to rot at the root, which can spread to the entire plant.

37. 盆栽植物仙人掌要最好使用透水性透气性能好一点的砂质颗粒物土，像炉渣、陶粒、粗砂等，这样就算浇灌得多，还能将多余水份清除盆外，并且松散透气的土壤层，更有助于根茎生长发育，让植物生长发育更健硕。

37. For potted cacti, it is best to use sandy loam with good permeability and aeration, such as slag, ceramic beads, coarse sand, etc. This way, even if watered excessively, the excess moisture can be drained out of the pot, and the loose and breathable soil layer is more conducive to the growth and development of the roots and stems, allowing the plant to grow stronger and healthier.

38. 大家都喜欢在室内养几株虎皮兰，这类绿叶植物，不但姿态优雅，四季翠绿，所以比较易养，保养起来很放心，非常适合放置在房间内欣赏。

38. Everyone likes to keep a few Spathiphyllums indoors, these green leaf plants are not only elegant in appearance and evergreen throughout the year, but they are also relatively easy to care for, which makes them very reassuring to maintain. They are very suitable for placing in rooms for appreciation.

39. 可是虎皮兰都比较怕涝灾的，特别是放到室内养的，自然环境自然通风能力差，又缺乏阳光照射，盆景土中水分流失迟缓，要是再去经常浇灌就容易导致根茎产生烂掉，叶片变松，颜色黯淡，最终整棵凋谢掉。为虎皮兰浇灌，无需过于频繁了，要等盆景土晾干之后，前去一次性浇过就可以。

39. However, Sansevieria (snake plants) are generally afraid of waterlogging, especially those kept indoors where the natural ventilation is poor and they lack sunlight exposure. The soil in pot plants loses moisture slowly, and frequent watering can easily lead to rot in the roots and stems, with the leaves becoming loose and their color fading, ultimately causing the entire plant to wither. When watering Sansevieria, it is not necessary to do it too frequently; you should wait until the pot soil dries out and then water it once thoroughly.

40. 向日葵花是马齿苋科绿色植物，具备顽强的生命力，很好养，盛开也好看，春天养上几株，能一直盛开到秋天时节，也是非常受众多爱花之人的喜爱。

40. The sunflower is a green plant from the Portulacaceae family, with a strong vitality, easy to care for, and looks beautiful in full bloom. Planting a few in spring, they can continue to bloom all the way through autumn, and are very beloved by many flower enthusiasts.

41. 向日葵花是最耐干旱的花草，即便在盆景土彻底晾干的情形下，都不会旱灾枯萎，只需立刻浇一次透水，很快就能恢复到正常生长发育。可是浇灌太多太勤得话，反而更容易造成旺长，盆景土长期性潮湿干不了，还会造成根茎烂掉。因此在养向日葵花时，也不要浇灌过频，盆景土做了前去浇灌。

41. Sunflower flowers are the most drought-resistant of all plants, even if the potting soil is completely dried out, they will not wither due to drought. A thorough watering is all it takes to quickly restore their normal growth and development. However, overwatering too frequently can actually cause excessive growth, and the potting soil staying excessively moist for a long time can lead to root rot. Therefore, when caring for sunflower flowers, it is also important not to water too frequently, and to water the potting soil only after it has dried out.

42. 养过多肉的花友都懂，它们叶茎全是肉质地的，里边能存储很多水分，即便在极其旱灾的情形下，他们也可以正常生长。反倒给它经常去浇灌得话，更很容易引起叶茎烂掉。

42. Friends who cultivate plants with thick, fleshy leaves know that their stems are also fleshy and can store a lot of water. Even in extremely dry conditions, they can grow normally. On the contrary, if you water them frequently, it's more likely to cause the stems to rot.

43. 多肉植物在夏季很容易出现烂掉，这时候植物处在休眠状态，应将盆栽植物转移至荫凉自然通风，给他沥干水分停肥，让盆景土维持微干，过了夏天以后，前去提升肥水等方面的保养。

43. Succulents are prone to rotting in summer, as the plants enter a state of dormancy at this time. It is advisable to move the potted plants to a cool, naturally ventilated area, allow them to drain excess moisture, and stop fertilizing. Keep the potting soil slightly dry. After summer, you can then proceed to improve the care for the plants in terms of fertilization and watering.

44. 之上5养花，都那么耐干旱，也怕涝灾，在日常保养时，浇灌一定要到干透浇透，防止盆景土长期性过度潮湿，以免造成植物根烂凋谢。

44. Above all, the flowers cultivated here are so drought-resistant, yet also afraid of waterlogging. In daily maintenance, watering must be thorough to ensure the soil is completely soaked, in order to prevent the soil from becoming overly moist for a long time, which may lead to the roots of the plants rotting and withering.

45. 到大暑的时候要稻田进行频繁浇水，否则收成不好。根据查询惠农网得知，这句话是大暑节气的农谚，大暑时节，中晚稻多处于幼穗形成期和拔节期前后，是需水需肥的重要时刻和防止倒伏的重要时期，此时稻田要频繁浇水，做到干湿交替、湿润灌溉，否则到成熟时不会有好的收成。酷暑盛夏，水分蒸发特别快，尤其是江中下游地区正值伏旱期，旺盛生长的作物对水分的要求更为迫切。

45. When the Great Heat arrives, frequent irrigation of the rice fields is necessary, otherwise the harvest will not be good. According to the information from Huinong website, this is an agricultural saying for the Great Heat solstice. During the Great Heat, both mid-season and late-season rice are mostly in the stage of ear formation and jointing, which is a critical period for water and fertilizer needs and for preventing lodging. At this time, the rice fields should be watered frequently, achieving a cycle of dry and wet conditions, and moist irrigation. Otherwise, there will not be a good harvest when they mature. In the height of the summer heat, water evaporation is particularly fast, especially in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, where it is the dry season. Crops in full growth have an even more urgent need for water.

46. 十大功劳，是一种抗旱能力较强的植物。它全株的树、根、茎、叶均可入药，且药效卓著。依照中国人凡事讲求好意头的习惯，便赋予它“十”这个象征完满的数字，因而得名——十大功劳。下面，我们就来学习一下十大功劳的养殖方法吧~

46. The plant called "Da Jiu Gong" has strong drought resistance. The entire plant, including the tree, roots, stems, and leaves, can be used for medicine, and it has remarkable effects. Following the Chinese custom of seeking auspicious meanings in everything, it is given the number "ten" which symbolizes perfection, thus earning it the name "Da Jiu Gong" (Ten Great Merits). Below, let's learn about the cultivation methods of the Da Jiu Gong plant ~

47. 最佳繁殖时间：硬枝扦插宜于2~3月份进行；分株可在10月中旬至11月中旬或2月下旬至3月下旬进行，也可结合春季换盆进行分株。

47. Optimal Breeding Time: Hardwood cuttings should be performed in February or March; division can be carried out from mid-October to mid-November or from late February to late March, and it can also be combined with spring potting for division.

48. 最佳生长土壤：土壤要求不严，在疏松肥沃、排水良好的沙质壤土上生长最好。

48. Optimal Growing Soil: The soil requirements are not strict, and it grows best on loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam.

49. 生长湿度要求：十大功劳最好放在湿润的地方养殖。

49. Humidity requirements for cultivation: The Mahonia bealei is best cultivated in a moist environment.

50. 最佳生长温度：十大功劳喜温暖，播种温度最好在15~25°C；扦插温度最好在25~30°C。

50. Optimal Growing Temperature: Mahonia likes a warm climate; the ideal sowing temperature is between 15~25°C; the ideal cutting temperature is between 25~30°C.

51. 每年入冬前浇一次腐熟饼肥或禽畜粪肥，就能健壮生长。生长季节每20天施一次腐熟的稀薄液肥，每年追肥2-3次即可，早春适量施人饼肥。如果盆栽，则应保持盆土湿润而不积水。冬季移至室内阳光充足处，温度不宜过高。地栽植株管理较为粗放，可在早春萌动前带土球移植，栽植时要施足基肥。1-2年生苗生长缓慢，第3年开始生长加快。

51. Before winter arrives each year, water the plants with decomposed cake fertilizer or animal manure to promote robust growth. During the growing season, apply decomposed thin liquid fertilizer every 20 days, and 2-3 times a year should be sufficient. In early spring, apply an appropriate amount of cake fertilizer. If potted, keep the pot soil moist but not waterlogged. During winter, move the plants to a location with abundant sunlight indoors, but avoid excessive temperature. For plants grown in the ground, management is relatively rough. Transplanting with a soil ball can be done before the plants begin to sprout in early spring, and enough base fertilizer should be applied during planting. Young plants 1-2 years old grow slowly, but growth accelerates starting from the third year.

52. 十大功劳好湿润，平时要勤浇水，保持盆土湿润状态，但也不宜渍水。一般在春夏生长期可适当多浇，以利发芽抽梢；夏季坚持早晚浇水，并喷叶面水，使叶片湿透；冬季则宜在中午前后浇水，忌浇晚前水，以免冻伤根系。

52. The ten great achievements are good at being moist. It is necessary to water frequently during regular times to keep the pot soil moist, but it is also not advisable to waterlog. Generally, it is appropriate to water more during the growth period in spring and summer to facilitate seed germination and shoot growth; during summer, it is essential to water in the morning and evening, and also to spray water on the leaves to ensure the leaves are thoroughly moistened; in winter, it is better to water around noon, avoiding watering before dusk to prevent root damage from frost.

53. 十大功劳可在春季萌发前修剪枯枝败叶，整理树形。平时可随时进行修剪，剪去萌生枝条及过密枝条，以保持一定树形。

53. The Chinese forsythia can be pruned before it sprouts in spring to remove withered branches and leaves, and to shape the tree. Pruning can be done at any time in the usual course, removing new shoots and dense branches to maintain a certain tree shape.

54. 十大功劳一般2～3年翻盆一次，可在翻盆时结合分株繁殖，同时剪去枯根及部分过长的老根，换去1B2旧土，培以疏松而富含腐殖质的新培养土。

54. The Ten Great Merits plant is generally repotted once every 2 to 3 years, and propagation by division can be combined with repotting. At the same time, wither roots and some excessively long old roots should be cut off, and the old soil (1B2) should be replaced with loose and humus-rich new potting soil.

55. 野生的十大功劳越来越少，在园林苗圃生产中大量繁殖苗木时采用此法。十大功劳播种育苗主要是把握好采种时间、种子处理方法、播种覆土厚度和播后的精心管理。可于5月待其果实成熟时，采下卵形浆果，稍加堆放后，与细沙混合搓揉，或用温水浸种，漂洗去果皮、果肉及空瘪的种粒，然后捞出饱满种粒，阴干后放在布袋中，挂在阴凉通风的干燥处贮藏，入冬后将种子低温沙藏至翌春，3月播下，播后覆土1-2cm，洇透水后放在半阴处，约1个月发芽。也可在种子处理完成后直接进行播种，播在半阴环境下，于苗床条播，覆土3~5cm。种子发芽适温为15-25℃，50d左右可发芽出苗。苗床要平整，土粒要细碎，开沟播种。当年生苗高一般可达8~10cm，越冬期间稍加防寒，留床再培育一年，第2年方可扩距移栽。实生苗通常要培育4-5年方可开花结果。

55. The wild species of Mahonia fortunei are becoming increasingly rare, and this method is used in the large-scale propagation of seedlings in garden nurseries. The main points in sowing and propagating Mahonia fortunei seedlings are to grasp the timing of seed collection, the method of seed treatment, the thickness of sowing soil, and the careful management after sowing. The fruits can be harvested in May when they are ripe, collected as oval berries, slightly piled up, then mixed and rubbed with fine sand, or soaked in warm water, washed to remove the fruit skin, flesh, and empty seeds. Then, the plump seeds are picked out, dried in the shade, placed in a cloth bag, and stored in a cool, ventilated, and dry place. The seeds are stored at low temperature with sand over the winter until the following spring, sown in March, covered with 1-2cm of soil, watered thoroughly, and placed in a semi-shaded area, germinating in about a month. Alternatively, sowing can be done directly after seed treatment, in a semi-shaded environment, in rows on the seedbed, covering the seeds with 3-5cm of soil. The optimal germination temperature for the seeds is between 15-25°C, and germination can occur within about 50 days. The seedbed should be level, the soil particles should be fine, and seeds should be sown in furrows. The height of seedlings grown in one year can generally reach 8-10cm. During the winter, they need slight cold protection, and after leaving the seedbed for further cultivation for another year, they can be transplanted at a wider distance in the second year. Seedling trees usually need to be cultivated for 4-5 years before they can flower and bear fruit.

56. 少量繁殖可用扦插法。硬枝扦插宜于2~3月份进行，在5-6月用半硬木的枝条进行扦插。剪取1-2年生健壮枝条，截成长15cm左右的穗段，2/3插入沙壤苗床里，保持苗床漫润，5月份开始搭棚遮荫，晴天每天进行喷雾保漫，播后约过2个月即可生根。嫩枝扦插可于梅雨季节进行，选择当年生已充实的枝条，或用一年生枝条，长15~20cm，苗床温度控制在25~30℃，一个月后即可生根，成活率可达90｛bf｝以上。枝条用生根剂处理，生根率可达90｛bf｝以上。

56. Small-scale propagation can be done by cutting. Hardwood cuttings are suitable to be done from February to March, and cuttings from semi-hardwood branches should be taken in May and June. Select 1-2-year-old strong branches, cut into sections about 15 cm long, insert two-thirds of them into sandy loam seedbeds, and keep the seedbed moist. Start shading with a canopy in May, and perform daily misting on sunny days. About two months after sowing, the cuttings can take root. Softwood cuttings can be done during the plum rain season, choosing branches that have matured that year or using one-year-old branches, 15-20 cm long. Control the seedbed temperature to 25-30°C, and the cuttings can take root after one month, with a survival rate of over 90%. Treating the branches with a root-inducing agent can achieve a root formation rate of over 90%.