1. 首先是腊八节，有关腊八节的传说很多，但与迎春没多大关系。就天津和冀北部分地区的习俗来说，过了腊八之后就可以扫房了，扫房即大扫除，这和过春节有关。即使是平常很干净的屋子也要这样做，依稀记得小时候老人说过，扫房不仅是搞卫生，还有扫去一年的灰气（晦气）之意。想想也是这个道理，住了一年的房子，哪能没发生一点不顺心的事呢？一番大扫除，窗明几净，壁洁地清，屋子亮堂，心里豁亮，自然也添了几分的舒畅，于是那些不管是灰气还是晦气也都统统一扫而光了。

1. First of all, there is the Laba Festival. There are many legends about the Laba Festival, but it has little to do with welcoming spring. According to the customs in Tianjin and some areas in Hebei, after the Laba Festival, people can start cleaning their houses, which is known as a thorough cleaning and is related to the Spring Festival. Even if a house is usually very clean, this cleaning is still done. I still remember that when I was young, the elders said that cleaning the house is not just about hygiene, but also about sweeping away the dust and bad luck of the past year. Thinking about it, it makes sense. After living in a house for a year, how could there not be some unpleasant things? A thorough cleaning makes the windows bright and the furniture clean, the walls clean, and the ground clear, making the house bright and the heart clear. Naturally, it also adds a sense of comfort, and so all the dust and bad luck are swept away at once.

2. 不作异乡人，不知故土亲。

2. Not being a stranger, one does not know the warmth of one's native land.

3. 腊月是岁终之月，也是迎春之月，许多民俗活动都在腊月盛行，虽然各地的风俗不尽相同，但大都与迎春有关。

3. The Twelfth Month is the month at the end of the year, and also the month of welcoming spring. Many folk activities are prevalent in the Twelfth Month, although the local customs vary from place to place, most of them are related to welcoming spring.

4. 山林宜养鸡，水乡宜养鸭。

4. The mountains and forests are suitable for raising chickens, while the waterlands are ideal for raising ducks.

5. 首尾相连。“除夕”中的“除”字是“去；易；交替”的意思，除夕的意思是“月穷岁尽”，人们都要除旧部新，有旧岁至此而除，来年另换新岁的意思，是农历全年最后的一个晚上。故此期间的活动都围绕着除旧部新，消灾祈福为中心。

5. End-to-end connection. The character "除" in the term "除夕" means "to go away; to change; to alternate," and "除夕" refers to "the end of the moon and the year." It signifies the time of getting rid of the old and welcoming the new, indicating that the old year is coming to an end and a new year is about to begin. It is the last night of the lunar year. Therefore, during this period, all activities revolve around the theme of getting rid of the old and welcoming the new, as well as eliminating disasters and praying for blessings.

6. 三里不同乡，五里不同俗。

6. Every three miles is a different village, and every five miles is a different custom.

7. 骏马怀念草原，勇士怀念故乡。

7. The spirited horse pines for the grasslands, the brave man for his hometown.

8. 哪儿幸福是故乡，谁最慈爱是父母。

8. Wherever there is happiness, it is in one's hometown; and the most loving beings are one's parents.

9. 39小雪、大雪做饭冇停歇;小雪、大雪地瓜、芋子烂掉一节。

9. During the periods of Light Snow and Heavy Snow, cooking never ceased; sweet potatoes and taros rotted away due to the heavy snowfall.

10. 基于一种传统，我们家每年都要地菜煮鸡蛋。今天一大早老爸就给我们采来了一大堆地菜，他说地菜一定要三月三这天采了煮着鸡蛋吃，市场上买的基本上是昨天采的，那样失去了药用价值和意义。且不论他的观点正确与否，这种习俗做为一种传统文化的存在我们还是要保存，虽然我妹妹后来也买回来一大把，但我们还是用老爸的地菜煮了鸡蛋吃。地菜煮蛋，可以只用地菜和鸡蛋再加了适量水（依你地菜的数量和你对地菜汤的需求）煮了吃，当然当地菜熬出汤来后渣是要扔掉的，只将鸡蛋夹出来放到碗里，然后每个碗里倒进一碗地菜汁。也可以在都地菜鸡蛋时加入姜片、枫球、红枣、黑豆等中草药一起煮。其实我并不太喜欢吃地菜煮鸡，更不喜欢那地汁的味道，但为了身体健康，为了遵从父母的意愿，还是吃了一个鸡蛋，喝了一大碗地菜汤。

10. Based on a tradition, our family has to boil eggs with land vegetables every year. Early this morning, Dad picked a huge pile of land vegetables for us. He said that the land vegetables must be picked and boiled with eggs on the third day of the third lunar month; the ones sold in the market are basically picked yesterday, which loses their medicinal value and significance. Whether or not his views are correct, we should still preserve this custom as a part of traditional culture. Although my sister later bought back a large bunch, we still used Dad's land vegetables to boil the eggs. Land vegetable eggs can be cooked and eaten with only land vegetables, eggs, and an appropriate amount of water (depending on the amount of land vegetables and your need for land vegetable soup). Of course, after the land vegetables are cooked into a soup, the residue should be discarded, and only the eggs are taken out and placed in a bowl, then a bowl of land vegetable juice is poured into each bowl. You can also add ginger slices, maple balls, red dates, black beans, and other Chinese herbal medicine when boiling land vegetable eggs. In fact, I don't particularly like land vegetable eggs, and I don't like the taste of the land juice either, but in order to maintain good health and to comply with my parents' wishes, I still ate an egg and drank a bowl of land vegetable soup.

11. 祭灶之后，就算正式进入年关了，人们开始集中筹备年货。

11. After the sacrifice to the kitchen god, it is considered the official approach to the New Year, and people begin to gather to prepare for the New Year's supplies.

12. 没有乡下泥腿，饿死城里油嘴。

12. Without the muddy legs of the countryside, the greedy lips in the city would starve.

13. 故乡若有敌人，日夜不得安宁。

13. If there are enemies in one's hometown, one can never find peace day or night.

14. “腊月二十三灶王爷上天”。腊八过后半个月就是腊月二十三了，有的地方管这天叫“小年”。在我们老家，腊月二十三是祭灶的日子，有谚语说 “糖瓜祭灶，新年来到”。这天晚上，各家把供奉在锅灶旁边的灶王爷、灶王奶奶的神像请下来（就是揭下来，但不能说揭），换上一张新的，再点一炷香，供上一盘糖瓜。旧神像拿到院子里化（烧）了，灶王爷和灶王奶奶就此升天，向玉皇大帝汇报一年来的工作去了。为了让二位神仙在天宫慎言，还要有一副对联，曰“上天言好事 回宫降吉祥”，意思是到了天宫要说好话，回来时带回好运气。供奉的糖瓜是糖做的，很黏，就是为了粘住灶王爷的嘴，不要随便说话，言多有失，少说为佳。

14. "On the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month, the Kitchen God ascends to heaven." Half a month after the La Ba Festival, it is the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month. Some places call this day "Little New Year." In our hometown, the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is the day for the Kitchen God's worship. There is a saying, "Sacrifice sugar candies to the Kitchen God, and the New Year arrives." On this evening, each family takes down the images of the Kitchen God and the Kitchen God's wife, who are placed next to the stove (this is what it means to "take down," but the word 'take down' should not be used). They then replace it with a new image, light a stick of incense, and offer a plate of sugar candies. The old images are then burned in the yard, and the Kitchen God and the Kitchen God's wife ascend to heaven to report their work to the Jade Emperor. To ensure that the two deities speak cautiously in the heavenly palace, there is also a pair of couplets, which reads, "Speak good things on the way up, bring auspiciousness back to the palace." This means to say good words in the heavenly palace and bring back good luck when returning. The sugar candies offered are made of sugar, very sticky, just to stick the Kitchen God's mouth shut and prevent him from talking carelessly. Too many words may lead to mistakes, so it's better to speak less.

15. 月是故乡明，人是故乡亲。

15. The moon is bright in the hometown, and people are close to those from the hometown.

16. 春分秋分，日夜平分(指天亮，入夜的光暗时间)。

16. The Vernal and Autumnal Equinoxes, when day and night are equally divided (referring to the duration of light and darkness when it gets light and when it gets dark).

17. 做贼瞒不得乡里，偷食瞒不得舌齿。?>

17. One can't hide theft from one's hometown, nor can one hide eating stolen food from one's tongue and teeth.

18. 出门三里地，就是他乡人。

18. If you go three miles out of the door, you are considered a stranger.

19. 乐时想往他处走，悲时想往自家回。

19. When happy, one wants to go elsewhere; when sad, one wants to return home.

20. 据记载，地菜，甘温无毒，和脾、利尿、止血、明目，是一味能治多种疾病的好草药，还可健身。 后经查明，寻草药的日子，正是三月初三。 人们为了纪念，便把这个日子定为吃地菜的日子。据说，一年吃一次，就可以保安康。

20. It is recorded that Dica (Stemona tuberosa), being sweet, warm, and non-toxic, can harmonize the spleen, promote diuresis, stop bleeding, and improve eyesight. It is a good herbal medicine that can treat a variety of diseases and also has health benefits. Later investigations revealed that the day for searching for medicinal herbs is the third day of the third lunar month. To commemorate this, people have designated this day as the day to eat Dica. It is said that eating it once a year can ensure health and well-being.

21. 不到异乡看看，不知故乡的美丽。

21. Without visiting a foreign land, one cannot appreciate the beauty of one's hometown.

22. 26(春天)日头挂当昼，细雨两头溜。(中午出太阳，早晚会下雨。)

22. On the 26th (Spring), the sun shines in the middle of the day, while the thin rain slips through both ends. (The sun comes out at noon, and it will rain early or late.)

23. 云行东，车马通;云行西，披蓑衣;云行南，水成潭;云行北，水磨墨。 早霞不出门，晚霞千里行。

23. When clouds move east, wagons and horses travel; when clouds move west, wear a straw raincoat; when clouds move south, water forms a pond; when clouds move north, water grinds ink. Early morning's glow doesn't venture out, while evening's glow can travel a thousand miles.

24. 家乡水甜入心，十年不改旧乡音。

24. The water from home is sweet to the heart, and the old hometown accent has not changed for ten years.

25. 11雷打秋，下季谷子对半收;雷打冬，十只牛栏九只空。

25. If thunder strikes in autumn, the next season's grain yield will be halved; if thunder strikes in winter, out of ten cowsheds, nine will be empty.

26. 没有比故乡美，没有比父母亲。

26. There is no place more beautiful than one's hometown, and no one more precious than one's parents.

27. “二十九贴‘倒酉’”。贴倒酉就是贴对联。“酉”字，古代原本是指一种盛酒的器皿，后来为什么演变成贴对联的代称无从考证，但小时候在老家过年，发现这个“酉”字总是被贴在器物上，如农具、箱柜上。把它说成“倒酉”，兴许是与“倒福”（取意：福到了）一个意思。贴对联都在二十九的上午，没有统一的时间规定，但一般都在10点左右。到中午出去看吧，各家大门上都是红彤彤的大对联。尤其那些斑驳不堪的大门，大红对联更是显眼，再加上“春回大地 万象更新”的联文，确实让人感到春天来了。

27. "The 29th day for pasting 'Dao You'". Pasting 'Dao You' refers to pasting couplets. The character 'You', in ancient times, originally referred to a container for holding wine. The exact reason why it evolved into a term for pasting couplets is untraceable, but when I was young in my hometown during the New Year, I found that this 'You' character was always pasted on objects like agricultural tools and cabinets. Calling it 'Dao You' might be associated with the term 'Dao Fu' (meaning: happiness has arrived). The pasting of couplets usually takes place in the morning of the 29th day, without a unified time stipulation, but generally around 10 o'clock. By noon, go out to see, and on the gates of each household, there are bright red couplets. Especially those dilapidated gates, the bright red couplets are even more eye-catching, and with the couplet text "Spring returns to the earth, all things renew," it truly makes one feel that spring has arrived.

28. 离城十里路，各有各乡风。

28. Ten miles from the city, each village has its own local flavor.

29. 金窝银窝，比不上家乡的穷窝窝。

29. Gold nest, silver nest, not as good as the poor nest of hometown.

30. 离家三里远，别是一乡风。

30. Three miles from home, there's a different rural style.

31. 利刀难断东流水，天涯难隔家乡情。

31. A sharp blade cannot sever the eastward flowing river, and the distant land cannot separate the homesickness.

32. 若想家乡美，要种树和花。

32. If you want your hometown to be beautiful, you should plant trees and flowers.

33. 为人为到底，送人送到乡。

33. To help others to the fullest, deliver people all the way to their hometown.

34. 家乡虽有百匹马，却徒步赶路。

34. Although my hometown has a hundred horses, I walk to get there.

35. 物离乡贵，人离乡贱。

35. Things become valuable when they are away from home, and people become humble when they leave home.

36. 离开故乡越远，越是思念故乡。

36. The farther away from one's hometown, the more one misses it.

37. 除夕是指每年农历腊月的最后一天的晚上，它与春节(正月初

37. The Eve of the Chinese New Year refers to the evening of the last day of the twelfth lunar month of the Chinese calendar, and it is related to the Spring Festival (the first day of the new year).

38. 立春一日晴，早季好收成;立春一日雨，早季禾苗死。

38. If the day of the Beginning of Spring is sunny, the early crops will have a good harvest; if it rains on the day of the Beginning of Spring, the young rice seedlings will die.

39. 我们这儿有谚语，“农历三月三，不忘地菜煮鸡蛋。中午吃了腰板好，下午吃了腿不软。”在我们家乡的乡下，屋前屋后，水塘边都有这种小小的白花，细长的叶子的地菜，有兴趣的朋友不妨来湖南喝一碗。

39. We have a saying here, "On the third day of the third lunar month, don't forget to boil eggs with the local herb. Eating them at noon makes your waist strong, and eating them in the afternoon makes your legs not weak." In our hometown's countryside, there are these small white flowers with slender leaves, the local herb, everywhere in front and behind the houses, by the ponds. Those who are interested might as well come to Hunan to have a bowl of it.

40. 虽然离开了故乡，乡音永远不能忘。

40. Although I have left my hometown, the local accent will never be forgotten.

41. 湖南自古为鱼米之乡，物产丰富，人民勤勉，精耕细作，种植水稻已有万余年历史。

41. Hunan has historically been known as a land of fish and rice, with abundant resources, industrious people, meticulous farming practices, and a history of rice cultivation that spans more than ten thousand years.

42. 出门问路，入乡问俗。

42. When you go out, ask for directions; when you arrive in a new place, inquire about local customs.

43. 34清明雨，水莳秧地;清明晴，有水莳石坪。(清明下雨必定天旱，清明晴朗必定雨水充足。)

43. If it rains on Qingming, the fields are watered for planting seedlings; if it is sunny on Qingming, there will be enough water to plant on the stone terraces. (If it rains on Qingming, it will definitely be dry later; if it is clear and sunny on Qingming, there will definitely be an abundance of rain.)

44. 17小暑一声雷，炙(晒)谷搬去又搬回(指多雨)。

44. With a thunderclap on the 17th day of Xiaoshu, the grain is carried away and brought back (indicating excessive rain).

45. 湖南花鼓戏是湖南各地地方小戏花鼓、灯戏的总称。其中有流行于湘中、湘东和洞庭湖滨的长沙花鼓戏，流行于常德地区的常德花鼓戏，流行于湘北岳阳、临湘一带的岳阳花鼓戏，流行于衡阳地区的衡阳花鼓戏，流行于邵阳地区的邵阳花鼓戏，流行于湘南祁阳、零陵、东安一带的花鼓灯和流行于湘南的道县、宁远、蓝山、新田等县与调子班合流的零陵花鼓戏。它们各有不同的舞台语言和音乐风格，形成了各个不同的支派 又到了三月三，正风筝满天的时候，也是桃花盛开，草长莺飞，出去旅行的好时节。但在我们湖南却有这么一个习俗，吃地菜煮鸡蛋。

45. Hunan Huagu Opera is a general term for various local operas with drumming and lantern shows in different parts of Hunan. Among them are the Changsha Huagu Opera, popular in central and eastern Hunan and along the Dongting Lake; the Changde Huagu Opera, popular in the Changde region; the Yueyang Huagu Opera, popular in the Yueyang and Linyang areas in northern Hunan; the Hengyang Huagu Opera, popular in the Hengyang region; the Shaoyang Huagu Opera, popular in the Shaoyang region; the Huagudeng shows, popular in the Qiyang, Lingling, and Dong'an areas in southern Hunan; and the Lingling Huagu Opera, which merges with the tunes of the Liuyang County, Ningyuan, Lanshan, and Xintian in southern Hunan. Each has its own stage language and musical style, forming various different branches. It's time for the third day of the third lunar month, when kites are flying everywhere, the peach blossoms are in full bloom, and the grass is growing and swallows are flying, which is a good time for a trip. However, in Hunan, there is a custom of eating local herbs cooked with eggs.

46. 东焱西闪，湖洋晒毕坼(龟裂)，南焱北闪，满河满坜。

46. The east flashes and the west shines, the lake and the ocean crack (crack open); the south flashes and the north shines, the river is full and the fields are cracked.

47. 家要美好就靠身，人要幸福就靠心。

47. A beautiful home depends on the body, and happiness depends on the heart.

48. 38六月旱，担竿(扁担)断;八月旱，会断餐。

48. In June, if it's dry, the bamboo pole (carry pole) breaks; in August, it's time for a meal break.

49. 回归故乡不必早，前往他乡不要迟。

49. There's no need to return to your hometown early, and it's not too late to go to another place.

50. 不顾家乡黑，光明照他乡。

50. Regardless of the darkness of the hometown, light shines on the other side.

51. 一乡一俗，一湾一曲。

51. Different regions, different customs; different creeks, different melodies.

52. “腊月二十七，宰羊又杀鸡”。到了二十七，也就到了“年根”了，仿佛听到了春节的脚步声。早些年过春节，老百姓盼的就是“过年解馋”，平时都省吃俭用，别说吃肉，就是吃白面也不是天天都能吃的，通常粗茶淡饭填饱肚子也就不错了，所以，就等到过年时大开“荤戒”。那时没有养殖专业户，一般都是自家养的猪羊鸡鸭，到腊月二十七就开宰了，上等的肉卖了换钱，次一点的肉和下水什么的，留着自己吃。

52. "On the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, kill sheep and chickens." By the twenty-seventh, it's almost New Year's Eve, and it seems as if one can hear the footsteps of the Spring Festival. In earlier years, when celebrating the Spring Festival, the common people were looking forward to "satisfying their cravings" during the New Year. They were accustomed to saving on food and living modestly, let alone eating meat, even white flour wasn't something they could enjoy every day. Usually, they were just glad to fill their bellies with simple tea and porridge. Therefore, they would break the "dietary restrictions" on meat during the New Year. Back then, there were no specialized breeding households, and most people raised their own pigs, sheep, chickens, and ducks. By the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, they would start slaughtering them. The highest-quality meat was sold to make money, while the lesser-quality meat and offal were kept for their own consumption.

53. 丢了家乡口，不如守家狗。

53. It's better to be a loyal watchdog than to lose one's hometown accent.

54. 人老思故乡，鸟老思巢穴。

54. As people grow old, they yearn for their hometown; as birds grow old, they yearn for their nests.

55. “二十八把面发”。大年三十之前，要蒸出好多吃食，有馒头，枣糕，丝糕（发糕），包子，黏糕，还要蒸些小猪小鼠之类的面食。二十八这天要发几大盆面，放在热炕头上捂好，温度高点面起的快，到晚上就可以蒸了。蒸面食，最讲究的是蒸上供馒头，面要发的好，蒸出来要白，圆，没裂纹。除了上供的馒头要等到过了年揭供之后才能吃之外，其它面食就可以边蒸边吃了。记得最深的，是那大大的肉包子，刚出锅热气腾腾，香的不能说。不知现在再吃那时的肉包子，是否还是那个味道？

55. "Twenty-eight batches of dough". Before the New Year's Eve, a lot of food needs to be steamed, including mantou (steamed buns), dates cake, silk cake (steamed cake), dumplings, sticky rice cakes, and some small pork and mouse-shaped steamed dough foods. On the twenty-eighth day, several large basins of dough should be prepared, placed on the heated bed and covered well. The higher the temperature, the quicker the dough rises, and by evening, it can be steamed. When steaming dough foods, the most important is to steam the offerings of mantou, which should rise well, come out white and round without any cracks. Besides the offerings of mantou, which can only be eaten after the offerings are removed after the New Year, other dough foods can be eaten while steaming. What I remember most deeply is the big meat dumplings, which were steaming hot and full of steam right out of the pot, so fragrant that it's hard to describe. I wonder if the meat dumplings from that time still taste the same if I eat them now?

56. 胡马依北风，越鸟巢南枝。

56. The horse relies on the north wind, and the wild bird builds its nest on the southern branch.

57. 20清明晴，不用上高坪;清明雨，鱼哩叉下死。

57. If it's clear and sunny on Qingming, there's no need to climb Gaoping; if it rains on Qingming, the fish in the Li and Chā rivers will die.

58. (四月)人脱衣衫树剥皮。(山上树木更新枝)

58. (In April) People take off their clothes, trees shed their bark. (Mountainside trees are renewing their branches)

59. 保、甲长下了乡，吓得鸡飞狗跳墙。

59. The head of the security and the head of the village went to the countryside, frightening the chickens to fly and the dogs to leap over the wall.

60. 听口音便知何地人，看服装便知何乡人。

60. From the accent, you can tell where a person is from; from the clothing, you can tell which village they are from.

61. “客家”，属于汉民族的一个分支民系，也是历史上中原汉人南迁及其语言、风俗、文化演变历程的一个缩影。

61. "Kejia," a branch of the Han nationality, is also a microcosm of the historical migration of the Han people from the Central Plains to the south, as well as the evolution of their language, customs, and culture.

62. 家乡的水是仙水，家乡的土是金子。

62. The water of the hometown is divine water, and the soil of the hometown is gold.

63. 亲不亲，故乡人；美不美，乡中水。

63. Whether close or distant, it's the hometown folk; whether beautiful or not, it's the water in the village.

64. 瞎目秋(指夜间立秋)，番薯芋子有;光目秋(指白天立秋)，米谷有。 雷打秋(指立秋时响了雷)，禾半收。

64. Blind autumn (referring to the autumn equinox at night), sweet potatoes and taros are available; Bright autumn (referring to the autumn equinox during the day), rice and grains are abundant. Thunder autumn (referring to the autumn equinox with thunder), half of the crops are harvested.

65. 漫长岁月，长沙先人培育出早、中、晚、粘、糯、籼、粳、长芒、短 芒等众多稻谷品种，据1949年统计，仅浏阳县栽培的水稻品种就有149个 长沙地区多在高岸田种早稻，早稻收割后种红薯、玉米、豆子、高梁、荞 麦等杂粮。低岸下湿田种迟熟品种，如冬粘、重阳粘。早稻多在清明前后 下种，所谓“桐子叶马蹄大，作秧无挂碍。”谷种下泥，一般在田间扎以 假人，或悬假鹞，以防鼠雀。第一次扯秧，要点香烛，鸣统放炮，叫开秧 田门。插秧，俗名插田、栽禾，有的恭贺曰“栽米树”。栽禾往往由能手 “劈页”（开页）——在大田对岸插一杆，下田先栽几蔸，瞄准成线，以 此为基准，边退边栽，一排四蔸，由左至右，叫栽“随手禾”。到彼岸 时，秧苗横直成线，犹如一页书，煞是好看，故名劈页。第二人从右边依 “页”而栽，叫“削页”，余此类推，次第排开。若前者被后者超过，则 被戏之为“关鸭子”、“钻布袋”。若中途拐了弯，则被笑为“过洞庭 湖”。为抢季节，亲友前来帮工，叫“打报工”。栽禾被视为重要的竞技 活，能手倍受尊敬，称为栽禾师傅。收割早稻，要称肉打酒，盛情招待， 所谓“栽禾师傅扮禾客”。但早餐忌用肉，以防镰刀伤手。晒谷，多用篾 制晒簟，或将晒谷场糊以稀牛粪，使其光滑无泥沙。谷晒干后，用风车 吹，而无“扬场”的。除水稻外，长沙种植大麦、小麦、荞麦、高梁、包 粟、胡麻（黑芝麻）、白芝麻、油菜、茶叶、蚕桑、苎麻、棉花、黄花菜 等农作物的历史也很悠久。豆类作物，常种蚕豆、豌豆、黄豆、黑豆、红 豆、绿豆、饭豆、泥豆、峨嵋豆、荷包豆等。其中黄豆又分五月黄、六月 黄、七月黄、八月黄等。泥豆又名懒豆，是制作浏阳豆鼓的上等原料。红 薯和烟草是明代引进的，但发展很快，种植面广，有“一季红薯半年粮” 之称。

65. Over the long years, the ancestors in Changsha have cultivated a wide variety of rice varieties, including early, mid-season, late, glutinous, nonglutinous, long-grain, short-grain, long-bearded, and short-bearded rice. According to the statistics of 1949, there were 149 different types of rice cultivated in Liuyang County alone. The Changsha area often grows early rice in highlands, followed by crops like sweet potatoes, corn, beans, sorghum, and buckwheat after the early rice harvest. In the lowlands with wet fields, late-maturing varieties like winter glutinous and Double Ninth glutinous rice are planted. Early rice is typically sown around the Qingming Festival, with the saying, "When the Paulownia leaves are the size of horse hooves, planting seedlings will not be hindered." The seedlings are planted in the soil, and usually fake people are set up in the fields or fake eagles are suspended to prevent rodents and birds. The first time of pulling seedlings requires lighting incense and candles, and firing a gun to open the way for planting. Planting rice, also known as planting seedlings or transplanting rice seedlings, is sometimes celebrated with the saying "planting a rice tree." Planting rice is often done by skilled workers known as "splitting pages" - they plant a pole on the opposite side of the field, then enter the field to plant a few clumps first, aiming for a straight line, using this as a reference, and planting as they retreat, with four clumps per row, from left to right, known as "planting the easy rice." When reaching the other side, the seedlings are arranged in straight lines, resembling a page of a book, which is very beautiful, hence the name "splitting pages." The second person plants from the right side along the "page," called "slicing pages," and so on, in a sequential order. If the person in front is overtaken by the one behind, it is playfully called "crossing the Duck Gate" or "dodging the cloth bag." If they turn a corner in the middle, it is laughed at as "crossing the Dongting Lake." To rush the season, relatives and friends come to help, which is called "working together." Planting rice is considered an important competitive activity, and the skilled workers are highly respected and called "planting rice masters." For harvesting early rice, meat and alcohol are served, and the hosts show great hospitality, which is said to be "the planting rice master in disguise as a rice guest." However, it is forbidden to eat meat for breakfast to prevent injuries from sickles. Drying rice is usually done with bamboo sunscreens, or the drying field is coated with thin cow dung to make it smooth and free of mud and sand. After the rice is dried, it is blown with a windmill, but without the need for "scattering the field." Besides rice, Changsha has a long history of planting crops such as barley, wheat, buckwheat, sorghum, millet, sesame (black sesame), white sesame, rapeseed, tea, mulberry, ramie, cotton, and daylilies. Legume crops commonly include broad beans, peas, soybeans, black beans, red beans, mung beans, rice beans, mud beans, Emei beans, and pocket beans, among others. Soybeans are further divided into May Yellow, June Yellow, July Yellow, and August Yellow. Mud beans, also known as lazy beans, are superior raw materials for making Liuyang soy bean curd. Sweet potatoes and tobacco were introduced in the Ming Dynasty, but they developed quickly, spread widely, and are known as "one crop of sweet potatoes equals half a year's food."