1. 不怕年老，就怕躺倒。

1. It's not the aging that one fears, but the fall.

2. Dragon can't live without clouds， fish can't live without water.

2. A dragon cannot live without clouds; a fish cannot live without water.

3. 人是铁，饭是钢，地里缺肥庄稼荒。

3. The person is iron, rice is steel; if the land lacks fertilizer, crops will wither.

4. My mother's food is fragrant， but my mother's food is long.

4. My mother's food is delicious, but my mother's food takes a long time.

5. 从以上的分析,我们可以窥见禁忌语背后深层文化差异之一鳞半爪,而要穷尽语言禁忌所包含的深刻的文化内涵并非本文力所能及。语言禁忌这一普遍事实的存在说明了人类都有趋善趋美的心理,但这一共同的心理却是由不同的伦理道德、不同的价值观念等所驱动的。从现象走入本质可以使我们更加看清楚语言禁忌这一现象的实质,把握其发展的方向

5. From the above analysis, we can catch a glimpse of one aspect of the deep cultural differences behind taboos, but to fully explore the profound cultural connotations contained in language taboos is beyond the scope of this article. The existence of this universal fact of language taboos demonstrates that humans all have a tendency towards goodness and beauty, but this common psychology is driven by different ethical standards, different values, and so on. Moving from the phenomenon to the essence can help us better understand the essence of the phenomenon of language taboos and grasp its direction of development.

6. 掌握基本的翻译技巧，加强翻译的。训练实践。翻译技巧来自翻译实践。在表达相同的意思时，英汉句子结构往往有着很大的差异，只有遵循这些差异，采用合适的翻译方法，才能使译文忠实地道，合乎表达习惯。比较常用的有词类转译法，词序调整法，增词减词法，拆译法等，掌握了这些翻译技巧，对于进行各种题材和体裁的翻译大有裨益。

6. Master the basic translation skills and enhance the training through practical practice. Translation skills come from translation practice. When expressing the same meaning, there are often significant differences in the structure of English and Chinese sentences. Only by adhering to these differences and adopting appropriate translation methods can the translation be faithful and in line with the expression habits. Commonly used methods include: word class translation, word order adjustment, addition and deletion of words, disassembling and translating, etc. Mastering these translation skills is greatly beneficial for translating various subjects and genres.

7. Old people are dizzy， eagles have blunt claws.

7. The elderly are dizzy, eagles have blunt claws.

8. 蠢得像猪as stupid as a goose

8. As stupid as a goose

9. People look at their childhood， horses look at their hoofs.

9. People look back to their childhood; horses look to their hooves.

10. 在涉及身体长相、体态方面的用词上英美人也大有讲究。他们一般不用ugly 来形容长相和体态不佳的人。而用plain ,ordinary 来代之,忌讳体态fat 或skinny 时,用 chubby ,plump 或slim ,slender 代之。在汉文化中,我们常用“你最近胖了”、“发福了”来恭维某人身体健康,但英语很少用fat 来表示体态发胖。因为说英语的人特别是女士们,对自己的体重和身体是很敏感的,你若说她胖了,她会很不高兴的。

10. Americans and British people are very particular about their choice of words when it comes to describing physical appearance and body shape. They generally do not use the word "ugly" to describe someone with an unattractive appearance or body shape. Instead, they use terms like "plain" or "ordinary." When avoiding the words "fat" or "skinny" to describe body shape, they opt for "chubby," "plump," "slim," or "slender." In Chinese culture, we often use phrases like "You've gained weight recently" or "You've become more robust" as compliments to someone's health, but in English, the word "fat" is rarely used to describe someone who has gained weight. This is because English speakers, especially women, are very sensitive about their weight and bodies. If you tell someone they've gained weight, they might be quite upset.

11. The road does not take grass to form a nest， the good song does not sing forgets many.

11. The road does not carry grass to build a nest, the good song does not sing forgets many.

12. 贪小失大，惜指失掌。

12. The saying "greedy for small things, losing the big; precious finger, losing the hand" emphasizes the risk of losing something valuable in pursuit of something trivial.

13. 让礼一寸，得礼一尺。

13. Give an inch of grace, and receive a yard of favor.

14. 耳听为虚，眼见为实。

14. What you hear is not always true, but what you see is real.

15. A lazy man uses a long thread， a clumsy man a curved needle.

15. A lazy man uses a long thread, a clumsy man a curved needle.

16. 中文水平低。英汉笔译者往往只注重英语的学习，将中文学习放在无足轻重的地位或无暇去潜修中文。翻译家陈廷佑认为，译得出译不出，基本上看英文的功底；译得好不好，主要看中文的根底。

16. Poor Chinese proficiency. English-Chinese translators often only focus on learning English, placing Chinese learning in a negligible position or having no time to deeply study Chinese. Translator Chen Tingyou believes that whether a translation can be produced or not largely depends on the translator's English foundation; whether a translation is good or not mainly depends on the translator's Chinese roots.

17. A cow needs a round foot and a pig needs a thick foot.

17. A cow needs a round foot, and a pig needs a thick foot.

18. 读书须用心，一字值千金。

18. Reading requires concentration, as each character is worth ten thousand in value.

19. 事大事小，身到便了。

19. Whether the matter is big or small, as long as you are present, it can be handled.

20. 水滴石穿，坐食山空。

20. Drop by drop, water carves through stone; sitting and eating, one can empty a mountain.

21. 一箭之遥 at a stone’s throw

21. One arrow's shot away / at a stone's throw

22. He who is determined to succeed has already succeeded in half.

22. He who is determined to succeed has already succeeded in half.

23. A thousand miles is wrong if you lose a millimeter.

23. A thousand miles is in vain if you lose a millimeter.

24. 18我摘要:语言禁忌是中西方普遍存在的一种社会文化现象 摘要:语言禁忌是中西方普遍存在的一种社会文化现象。在不同的文化中, 语言禁忌的差异很大,本文试图从中西文化差异的角度分析英汉两种语言的禁忌，从而保证国际交往的顺利进行。

24. 18 Summary: Language taboos are a social and cultural phenomenon普遍存在于中西方。In different cultures, there are significant differences in language taboos. This paper attempts to analyze the taboos in English and Chinese languages from the perspective of the cultural differences between the East and the West, in order to ensure the smooth progress of international communication.

25. 英语中有些禁忌和汉语是一致的,但由于中西方的历史发展状况、社会制度和价值观念等方面的差异,也使语言禁忌的内容和形式在许多方面存有不同。下面本文从四个方面进行分析。

25. There are some taboos in English that are consistent with Chinese, but due to the differences in historical development, social systems, and value concepts between China and the West, the content and forms of language taboos also vary in many aspects. The following analysis will be conducted from four perspectives.

26. No rules， no square.

26. No rules, no square.

27. The girl talks about embroidery， the scholar talks about articles.

27. The girl speaks about embroidery, the scholar discusses articles.

28. 大路不走草成窝，好歌不唱忘记多。

28. The great road is not taken, the grass becomes a nest; the good song not sung, the forgetfulness is many.

29. Better do it than Miss it.

29. Better do it than miss it.

30. He who abandons time abandons it.

30. He who abandons time abandons it. This sentence is a repetition and seems to emphasize the idea that if one abandons something, it is abandoned completely. However, without additional context, it's difficult to provide a more precise translation or interpretation. The sentence could be translated as: 30. The one who forsakes time forsakes it.

31. 弹琴知音，谈话知心。

31. Playing the lute knows who the companion is, conversing knows who the heart belongs to.

32. 文化上的空白是指有些说法和行为在有的国家有，其他国家没有。如中国有很多说法在外国就没有：唱红脸，老油条，半路出家，跑龙套，拍马屁，班门弄斧，孔夫子搬家净是书(输)等等。同样，英语中也有一些独特的说法：as poor as a church mouse， take French leave， a white lie， a green eye。

32. A cultural blank refers to the phenomenon where certain expressions and behaviors are present in some countries but not in others. For example, there are many expressions in China that do not exist in foreign countries, such as: singing the red face, an old greaser, a latecomer, running in the dragon's suit, fawning, playing the fool at the master's door, Confucius moving house is full of books (loss). Similarly, there are also some unique expressions in English: as poor as a church mouse, take French leave, a white lie, a green eye.

33. He identified himself with the masses。他和群众打成一片。

33. He identified himself with the masses. He became one with the people.

34. Eight mature， ten harvest; ten mature， twenty lose.

34. Eight mature, ten harvested; ten mature, twenty lost.

35. 买锣要打，买伞要撑。

35. To buy a gong, you need to strike it; to buy an umbrella, you need to use it.

36. 以上例句的翻译，最难的地方不在于对原文的理解，而在于在充分理解原文的基础上，找出合适的，符合汉语思维习惯的汉语表达。

36. The most challenging part of translating the above examples is not the understanding of the original text, but rather, on the basis of a thorough understanding of the original, finding a suitable Chinese expression that conforms to the habits of Chinese thinking.

37. 的号码很少有人愿意选用;而6 、

37. The number is rarely chosen by many people; while 6,

38. Greed is small， but loss is great.

38. Greed is small, but loss is great.

39. 从中西文化差异看英汉语言禁忌公文易文秘资源网未知2009-5-

| 39. From the perspective of the cultural differences between China and the West, the translation of English and Chinese language taboos in official documents is unknown at Document Secretarial Resources Network, 2009-5-

40. 事怕合计，人怕客气。

40. Matters fear calculations, people fear politeness.

41. Gold is like gold， and jade is like jade.

41. Gold is like gold, and jade is like jade.

42. Speech is better than experience， and hearing is better than gambling.

42. Speech is better than experience, and hearing is better than chance.

43. 不论是成功的译者还是优秀的译评专家，都必须是充满两种文化意识和精通两种有关语言的真正意义上的文化人。没有交流就没有沟通，没有沟通就没有理解。文化不是一成不变的。世界文化史是各民族思想感情互相交融，互相渗透，互相补充的历史。

43. Whether they are successful translators or outstanding translation critics, both must be true cultural persons who are aware of and proficient in two cultures and two related languages. Without communication, there is no communication; without communication, there is no understanding. Culture is not immutable. The history of world culture is a history of the intermingling, infiltration, and complementation of the thoughts and feelings of various ethnic groups.

44. Because of this explosive progress， today’s machines are millions of times more powerful than their crude ancestors。有了这种突飞猛进的进步，今天的机器比起原始期的机器不知强了好几百万倍。“explosive”本义为“爆炸性的”，根据上下文和特殊的语境，译成“突飞猛进的”更通顺，准确。Enjoy the luxury of doing good。 以行善为乐。

44. Owing to this explosive progress, today's machines are millions of times more powerful than their primitive ancestors. With this tremendous leap forward, today's machines are far superior to the machines of the primitive era by tens of millions of times. "Explosive" in its original meaning refers to "explosive," but according to the context and specific context, translating it as "tremendous" is more fluent and accurate. Enjoy the luxury of doing good. Take pleasure in doing good.

45. Fishing does not leave the water， firewood does not leave the mountain.

45. Fishing does not leave the water, firewood does not leave the mountain.

46. 由于文化背景和生活习惯的不同，在社交礼节方面，英语国家和中国也有着许多的差异。如中国人见面经常说“你吃了没有”或者“到哪去啊”等之类的问候语和客套话，而英语国家的人打招呼常用“Hello”， “Hi。”如果不清楚英汉文化的差异，在见到外国朋友时用 “Have you eaten”，“Where are you going Where have you been“ 打招呼就会带来很多不便和尴尬。又如”您辛苦了”在中国使用的范围非常广，而在英语中必须根据实际情况选择不同的表达方法。例如欢迎远道而来的外国客人可以说“You must have had a tiring journey。”表示“路上辛苦了，一路好吗”而对于刚刚完成艰难任务的可以说“Well done! That was a hard job。”

46. Due to differences in cultural background and lifestyle, there are many disparities in social etiquette between English-speaking countries and China. For instance, in China, it is common for people to greet each other with phrases like "Have you eaten?" or "Where are you going?" and other similar expressions of greetings and courtesies. In English-speaking countries, however, people usually greet each other with "Hello" or "Hi." If one is unaware of the differences between English and Chinese cultures, using greetings like "Have you eaten" or "Where are you going? Where have you been?" when meeting foreign friends would lead to much inconvenience and embarrassment. For example, the phrase "You have worked hard" is used very widely in China, but in English, it is necessary to choose different expressions according to the actual situation. For instance, when welcoming a foreign guest who has traveled a long distance, one might say "You must have had a tiring journey," which means "You must have been exhausted on the trip, how was it?" For someone who has just completed a difficult task, one might say "Well done! That was a hard job."

47. 好汉死在战场，懒汉死在炕上。

47. The brave die on the battlefield, the lazy die on the bed.

48. 英汉两种语言在这方面的差异较大,这主要是因为在汉民族和讲英语的民族看待事物的观念大相径庭。讲英语的人很重视privacy ,英语中有一句谚语:A man’s home ishis castle 其意思说:一个人的家(个人空间)是神圣不可侵犯的,未经允许不得入内,尤其是bedroom。而在中国并非如此。例如在北方的农村,请客人“上炕”是对客人的盛情款待。英美人办公桌上的东西都属于个人所有,外人一般不能随便看,即使一份报纸,也要征得对方的同意才能借来看。在中国人眼里并不如此。有的人未经允许就欣赏外教的影集,或看给学生作业上写的评语。对我们而言似乎是些平常之事,而对西方人来说,却被认为是对别人个人空间的侵犯。因此在与操英语的人谈话时,谈及对方年龄、经济、收入、体重、婚姻状况、宗教信仰、政治倾向等方面涉及个人的生活和隐私方面的话题是不得体的,除非非谈不可的情况(如在宾馆、医院、拘留所) 。

48. There are significant differences between the English and Chinese languages in this aspect, mainly because the way the Han people and English-speaking people perceive things is vastly different. English speakers place a high value on privacy, as there is a saying in English: "A man's home is his castle," which means: A person's home (personal space) is sacred and inviolable; it should not be entered without permission, especially the bedroom. However, this is not the case in China. For example, in rural northern China, inviting a guest to "get on the kang" is a sign of hospitality. In English-speaking cultures, items on an office desk are considered personal property, and outsiders generally cannot look at them freely, even if it's a newspaper; they must obtain the owner's permission to borrow it to read. From the perspective of Chinese people, this is not the case. Some people may appreciate a foreign teacher's photo album or read the comments on students' homework without permission. To us, these may seem like ordinary things, but to Westerners, they are considered an invasion of someone's personal space. Therefore, when conversing with English speakers, it is inappropriate to discuss topics that involve personal lives and privacy, such as age, financial status, income, weight, marital status, religious beliefs, and political inclinations, unless there is a necessity to do so (such as in a hotel, hospital, or detention center).

49. 美言美语受人敬，恶言恶语伤人心。

49. Sweet words and kind language are honored, whereas harsh words and unkind speech wound the heart.

50. If grass does not germinate intentionally， people do not develop intentionally.

50. If grass does not sprout intentionally, people do not develop intentionally.

51. Go out to see the sky， stir-fried vegetables to see the fire.

51. Go out to gaze at the sky, and stir-fried vegetables to observe the fire.

52. 人无远虑，必有近忧。

52. If a person does not plan for the distant future, they will inevitably face troubles in the near future.

53. 打鱼的不离水边，打柴的不离山边。

53. Fishermen never stray far from the water's edge, and woodcutters never venture too far from the mountainside.

54. 把舵的不慌，乘船的稳当。

54. The helmsman is calm, and the passengers are steady.

55. Things are big and small. It's easy.

55. Things are big and small. It's easy. Translation to English: 55. Things are both big and small. It's easy.

56. Wisdom comes from work and truth comes from practice.

56. Wisdom comes from work and truth comes from practice.

57. 谐音的字“死”、“气”,所以人们在一般情况下不愿使用这两个数字。在选电话号码时,末尾是4 、

57. The numerals '死' (death) and '气' (breath) have homophones, so people generally do not like to use these two numbers. When choosing a phone number, they tend to avoid numbers ending with 4, 6, or 8.

58. 每种语言都有丰富多彩的谚语，习语，他们都是各民族人民在长期使用语言的过程中，千锤百炼创造出来的，具有浓厚的民族，历史和地方色彩，也是翻译中最难处理的部分之一。在翻译谚语，习语时，一定要准确的理解原文，决不可望文生义，要根据实际情况，运用直译法，意译法等翻译技巧对原文进行灵活的处理。如To move heaven and earth不是“翻天覆地，惊天动地”而是“千方百计，不遗余力”。To talk horse不是“谈论马”，而是相当于汉语的“吹牛”。To gild the lily也不能按照字面直译，这句习语相当于汉语的“画蛇添足”。

58. Each language has a rich and colorful collection of proverbs and idioms, which are all created through the long-term use of language by people of various ethnic groups, having been refined through much practice and effort. They carry strong national, historical, and regional characteristics and are also one of the most difficult parts to handle in translation. When translating proverbs and idioms, it is essential to accurately understand the original text and must not rely on literal meanings. One should base the translation on the actual context and apply translation techniques such as literal translation, free translation, and others to handle the original text flexibly. For example, "To move heaven and earth" does not mean "turning the sky upside down and shaking the earth," but rather "to go to any length" or "to spare no effort." "To talk horse" does not mean "to discuss horses," but is akin to the Chinese idiom "to blow one's own trumpet" or "to boast." Similarly, "To gild the lily" cannot be directly translated literally; this idiom is equivalent to the Chinese idiom "to add fuel to the fire" or "to overdo it."

59. 妻贤夫祸少，子孝父心宽。

59. A virtuous wife brings fewer troubles for her husband, and a filial son brings peace to his father's heart.

60. The fire is warm in front of the chest and the wind is cold behind it.

60. The fire is warm in front of the chest and the wind is cold behind it.

61. 人老眼昏，鹰老爪钝。

61. Old people have weak eyesight, and old eagles have dull claws.

62. Don't laugh， don't laugh， just laugh life will not pass.

62. Don't laugh, don't laugh, just laugh, life will not pass by.

63. A small leak will sink a great ship。小洞不堵要沉大船

63. A small leak will sink a great ship. A small hole left unblocked can sink a large ship.

64. Keep the green hills， not afraid of no firewood.

64. Keep the green hills, fear not for a lack of firewood.

65. People are thin-skinned， yellow-skinned and skinny.

65. People are thin-skinned, yellow-skinned, and thin.

66. 劳动出智慧，实践出真知。

66. Labor begets wisdom, and practice brings true knowledge.

67. 要从根本上解决由于中英文化差异造成的一系列问题，有效提高学生的翻译水平，笔者认为可以从以下几个方面着手：

67. To fundamentally resolve a series of issues caused by the cultural differences between China and the UK and effectively improve students' translation skills, the author believes that efforts can be made from the following aspects:

68. Man speaks first of etiquette and righteousness， while tree speaks first of flowers and fruits.

68. Man speaks first of etiquette and righteousness, while the tree speaks first of flowers and fruits.

69. 懒人用长线，拙人用弯针。

69. Lazy people use long threads, and clumsy people use crooked needles.

70. 少不惜力，老不歇心。

70. Never spare effort in youth, never rest in old age.

71. Wives and good husbands have fewer calamities， while sons and fathers are filial and generous.

71. Wives and good husbands face fewer calamities, while sons and fathers are filial and generous.

72. 火烤胸前暖，风吹背后寒。

72. Warm on the chest from the fire, cold on the back from the wind.

73. 人看从小，马看踢蹄。

73. A person is judged from childhood, and a horse is judged by its kick.

74. 在翻译过程实践中，译者难免会碰到各种写作形式复杂多样，不同体裁，题材的作品。常言道，隔行如隔山，如果不了解相关的专业知识和背景，就很难做到译文忠实，准确。所以，丰富的社会经验，生活常识，天文地理知识，都是翻译时不可缺少的辅助材料。

74. In the practice of translation, translators are bound to encounter various forms of writing, with complex and diverse genres and themes. As the saying goes, "a field apart is as distant as a mountain," and without understanding the relevant professional knowledge and background, it is difficult to achieve a faithful and accurate translation. Therefore, rich social experience, common sense of life, knowledge of astronomy and geography, are all indispensable auxiliary materials during the translation process.

75. 不怕不识货，只怕货比货。

75. It's not that one doesn't know what's good, it's just that one fears comparison with others.