1. 天上云层紧，底下跑乌云，马上有雨淋。(湖北)

1. The clouds are dense in the sky, and dark clouds are rushing from below, rain is about to fall. (Hubei)

2. 天有城堡云，地上雷雨临。

2. The sky is adorned with castle clouds, and thunder and rain are approaching the ground.

3. 凡是安定的晴明天气，夜间和早晨的气温，常是地面最冷，越向高空温度越暖，造成上暖下冷的逆温现象，气层特别稳定。此时，水蒸汽的凝结，只限于地面而出现低雾或霜露，不可能有云。反之，如果早上就有成层的漫布全天的层云，或者如山岳如猛兽的积雨云，那只有风暴临近的可能。所以早上就阴云密布，是远处风暴到来的表示，天将下雨了。

3. In stable, clear weather, the temperature at night and in the morning is often the coldest at the ground level, and it becomes warmer as it goes higher in the atmosphere, creating a phenomenon of inversion where the upper layer is warmer than the lower layer, and the air layer is particularly stable. At this time, the condensation of water vapor is limited to the ground, resulting in low fog or frost, and clouds are not possible. Conversely, if there are stratified clouds covering the whole day from morning or if there are cumulonimbus clouds resembling mountains or fierce beasts, it indicates that a storm is approaching. Therefore, if the sky is overcast in the morning, it is a sign that a distant storm is approaching, and it is going to rain.

4. 凡重雾三日，必大雨。

4. If there is heavy fog for three days, it will definitely rain heavily.

5. 今夜日没乌云洞，明朝晒得背皮痛。(江苏 常州)

5. Tonight, the sunset is obscured by dark clouds; tomorrow, the sun will burn my back so much that it will hurt. (Jiangsu, Changzhou)

6. 云行东，车马通；云行西，马溅泥；云行南，水涨潭；云行北，好晒麦(崔实《农家谚》晴雨占)

6. When the clouds move to the east, chariots and horses can pass; when the clouds move to the west, horses splash mud; when the clouds move to the south, the ponds overflow with water; when the clouds move to the north, it's a good time to dry wheat (from Cui Shi's "Agricultural Proverbs" on weather forecasting).

7. 南北相挨，大水满溪。(福建福清平潭《农家渔户丛谚》)

7. The south and north touch each other, and the great water fills the stream. (From the collection of proverbs of farmers and fishers in Fuqing, Pingtan, Fujian Province)

8. 在我们所在的温带和副热带地区，自由大气的大规模流动，都是从西向东的，所以大气层里各种扰动，基本上都是跟着从西向东运动着的。我们看到乌云在东方或东南方，它必定顺着大气的循环而更向东走去，决不可能再回到本地来。所以我们这里即使下雨，已是它尾巴上的雨，不久就要完了的。

8. In the temperate and subtropical regions where we are located, large-scale atmospheric flows are all from west to east. Therefore, various disturbances in the atmosphere basically move from west to east as well. When we see dark clouds in the east or southeast, they must continue to move eastward following the atmospheric circulation and will never return to the local area. Therefore, even if it rains here, it is the rain at the tail end of the clouds, and it will soon end.

9. 在单一稳定的气团中，虽没有系统性扰动，但是这里面也有微弱的清风。这种风吹过地面，由于地面的建筑物、树木和起伏不平的地形，也可激起紊乱的小型漩涡。这种小漩涡，因为它们的动力特性而产生向高空的运动，于是把地面的水汽就带到高空去，再由绝热冷却而凝成云块。由于这种方式凝成的云，大都成六角形，看起来好像鲤鱼身上的鳞片，又像一朵朵的花冠。因为发生这种云的气团，本质是稳定的，所以这种云到黄昏时分，碰到下沉气流，就要消灭，天气仍然是晴明的。

9. Within a single stable air mass, although there are no systematic disturbances, there are also gentle breezes. As these breezes pass over the ground, they can stir up small, chaotic vortices due to the buildings, trees, and uneven terrain. These small vortices, driven by their dynamic characteristics, move upwards, carrying water vapor from the ground to high altitudes. There, through adiabatic cooling, the vapor condenses into cloud formations. Most of these clouds are hexagonal in shape, resembling the scales on a koi fish or the corolla of a flower. Since the air masses that produce such clouds are inherently stable, these clouds will dissipate by dusk when encountering sinking air currents, and the weather remains clear.

10. 雾起不收，细雨不休；雾起即收，旭日可求。 (浙江义乌、江苏元锡)

10. When the fog rises, it does not subside; when it rains, the fine drizzle does not stop. When the fog rises, it subsides quickly; then the morning sun can be sought. (Yiwu, Zhejiang; Yuanxi, Jiangsu)

11. 高山起云团，小雨快到边。(湖北通城、江苏常熟)、

11. High mountains give rise to clouds, light rain is about to reach the edge. (Tongcheng, Hubei; Changshu, Jiangsu)

12. 所谓天的高低，实是云的高低。云是地面气流上升把水汽带到高空凝成的。空中水汽愈多，空气不要上升很高，云就凝成；像气旋中心地区的云就是很低的。气旋区内所以多雨，是因为空气有上升运动，同时还带着很多的水蒸汽的缘故。反之，如果空气很干燥，上升气流必定要升到很高的高度，才能成云。如果上升气流的上升力量不够，那末，根本没有云出现，天空就更高了。所以天高表示水汽贫乏或上升很弱，这是反气旋里的情况，所以少雨而主旱。

12. What is called the height of the sky is actually the height of the clouds. Clouds are formed by the upward movement of ground-level air currents, which carry water vapor to high altitudes and condense it. The more water vapor in the air, the lower the clouds will form; for example, the clouds in the central area of a cyclone are very low. The reason why there is so much rain in the cyclone region is because of the upward movement of air, which also carries a lot of water vapor. Conversely, if the air is very dry, the upward air currents must rise to a very high altitude to form clouds. If the upward movement of the air currents is not strong enough, then no clouds will form at all, and the sky will appear higher. Therefore, a high sky indicates a lack of water vapor or very weak upward movement, which is the situation in anticyclones, hence the reason for less rain and the dominance of drought.

13. 云向东，一阵风；云向西，雨绵绵；云向南，带蓑衣；云向北，好晒被。(浙江义乌、江苏无锡)

13. Clouds heading east, a gust of wind; clouds heading west, a绵绵 rain; clouds heading south, bring the raincoat; clouds heading north, it's a good time to sun the bedding. (Yiwu, Zhejiang; Wuxi, Jiangsu)

14. 另外，每次风暴未必都能下雨，即使下雨也未必下在它的正东方。往往因为路径的迂迥曲折，下雨地带等不成为直线的分布。总之，上述各句，只可说大体上是对的。

14. Moreover, it is not necessarily true that every storm will bring rain, and even if it does rain, it is not necessarily on its exact east. Often, due to the winding and曲折 path, the areas where it rains are not distributed in a straight line. In summary, the above sentences can only be said to be generally correct.

15. 满天水上波，有雨跑不脱。

15. Full sky of water waves, you can't escape from the rain.

16. 黑云起了烟，雹子在当天。

16. Dark clouds began to smoke, and hail occurred that day.

17. 以上各句，都是说落太阳时，西方浓云密蔽，天气将要下雨。日落以后，随着阳光的消失，空气受热上升条件也消失了。在正常天气情况下，云也会逐渐消散。若是在日落之时西边还有黑云，说明这种云不是正常情况下由于阳光照射产生的云，而是降水风暴系统的云。因为任何一种降雨风暴，都是跟着大循环的西风，从西向东行的。现在看到西方浓云已到，这是有风暴从西边过来的形势。半夜后，或天明时风暴就会到来，雨也就要下了。

17. The above sentences all indicate that at sunset, the western sky is dense with thick clouds, signaling that rain is imminent. After the sun sets, as the sunlight disappears, the conditions for air heating and rising also vanish. Under normal weather conditions, the clouds will gradually disperse. If there are still dark clouds in the west at sunset, it means that these clouds are not normal clouds formed due to sunlight exposure, but rather clouds from a precipitation storm system. Because any rainstorm follows the westerly winds in a large-scale circulation, moving from west to east. Now that the dense clouds in the west have appeared, this indicates a situation where a storm is approaching from the west. After midnight or at dawn, the storm will arrive, and it will start to rain.

18. 这两句是海边的景象。海面的热力对流造成的云发生在夜间。这是由于海水温度的变化比空气温度的变化小。也就是说，在白天气温比水温高，在夜间气温又比水温低。所以白天的大气下冷上暖，是稳定的，海面有雾，不会有云雨的。到了晚上，大气下暖上冷，是不稳定的，下层空气就上升而发展成云了。所以海面夜间起云，不是雨天之兆，它不久就会消失的。但是，半夜后水温和气温的差别减小而近于零了，如果云还不消散，则说明这种云不是本地产生的，是跟了远处的锋面或气旋来的，所以“三更上云，雨就来”了。

18. These two sentences describe the scene by the seaside. The clouds formed due to thermal convection over the sea surface occur at night. This is because the temperature change of the sea water is smaller than that of the air. That is to say, during the day the air temperature is higher than the water temperature, and at night it is lower than the water temperature. Therefore, the lower atmosphere during the day is cooler at the bottom and warmer at the top, which is stable, and there may be fog on the sea surface, but no clouds or rain. By evening, the lower atmosphere is warmer at the bottom and cooler at the top, which is unstable, and the lower air rises and develops into clouds. So the formation of clouds over the sea at night is not a sign of rain, and they will soon dissipate. However, after midnight, the difference between the water temperature and air temperature decreases and nearly becomes zero. If the clouds do not dissipate, it indicates that these clouds are not locally generated but are associated with a distant front or cyclone, thus resulting in the saying "clouds rise at three o'clock in the morning, and rain is coming."

19. 雾露在山腰，有雨今明朝。

19. Mist and dew cling to the mountain's midriff, rain is expected tomorrow and the day after.

20. 云布满山底，连雷带雨滴。(内蒙古呼和治特)

20. Clouds cover the bottom of the mountains, with thunder and raindrops. (Hohhot, Inner Mongolia)

21. 辐射低雾发生在高气压中心的晴好天气之下。故有低雾之日，昼温很高，温度高则气压低。若天气连续晴好三四天，本地气压必大量降低，于是别地方的气流，就会向此地吹来，而天气发生变化。

21. Low fog occurs under fair weather conditions with high atmospheric pressure centers. Therefore, on days with low fog, the daytime temperatures are very high, and higher temperatures correspond to lower pressures. If the weather remains fair for three or four consecutive days, the local atmospheric pressure will drop significantly, and the air currents from other places will blow into this area, leading to a change in weather conditions.

22. 云吃雾下，雾吃云晴。

22. The clouds eat the mist under, and the mist eats the clouds in clear weather.

23. 乌云接日头，半夜雨不愁。

23. Dark clouds meet the sun, no need to worry about rain at midnight.

24. 山顶的罩，就是掩山的低云。这是气旋中心雨区的景象，所以天要下雨了。河面的罩，这就是辐射低雾，它是晴天的产物，因天晴无云，地面散热的结果而出现的，所以说，“河罩晴”。

24. The covering over the summit is the low clouds that cover the mountain. This is a scene of the rain area in the center of a cyclone, so it's going to rain. The covering over the river is the radiation low fog, which is a product of clear weather. Because of the clear sky without clouds and the ground's heat dissipation, this is why it is said, "River covering indicates clear weather."

25. 春季天气还冷，在晴天无云的时候，晚上更冷。大气冷而重的，沉着在地面，暖而轻的，浮在上空，造成气温向上逆增的现象。于是地面水蒸汽最先凝结成雾，再向上发展；但是高空温度比较暖些，水蒸汽也比较少，所以雾的发展，只限于地面的薄层。它的高度不过几丈，最低的只不过人体那般高。到了天晓以后，太阳出来，因为天空本来无云，地面热了，雾气上升就消散了，天空依然是强盛的日光。这就是“春雾日头”的解释。但是，如果这上升的雾气，给高空或有的温暖气层遏止着不得上升，那末，这雾幕就成层云的状态陈列在天空，天气也就阴了。所以“春雾日头”并非必然。

25. In spring, the weather is still cold, and it is even colder at night when the sky is clear and cloudless. The cold and heavy atmosphere sinks to the ground, while the warm and light atmosphere rises upwards, causing a phenomenon of reverse temperature increase upward. As a result, the ground water vapor first condenses into mist, and then it develops upwards; however, the temperature at high altitudes is relatively warmer and there is less water vapor, so the development of the mist is limited to a thin layer on the ground. Its height is no more than a few meters, the lowest being only as tall as a person. After dawn, when the sun rises, as the sky was originally cloudless and the ground heats up, the mist rises and dissipates, leaving the sky with strong sunlight. This is the explanation for "spring mist and sun." However, if the rising mist is stopped from ascending by high-altitude air or a warm air layer, then this mist screen will form into stratocumulus clouds in the sky, and the weather will turn cloudy. Therefore, "spring mist and sun" is not necessarily the case.

26. “英英”是白云的形容词。有云就无露水，无云才有露水。

26. "Yingying" is the adjective for "white cloud." Where there is cloud, there is no dew; where there is no cloud, there is dew.

27. 大雾不过三，过三，十八天。

27. In thick fog, there's no more than three days; after the third day, it'll be 18 days.

28. 夏季天气很热，昼长夜短，在一个晚上，不可能使地面层空气冷却到可以凝雾的程度，所以在晴明的夏天，是不可能有雾的。假使夏天有雾出现，可能是由于天空有云，低层湿重，阳光衰弱，地面增暖不强，气流无上升运动，这是气旋天气的景象。所见的雾，也许就是气旋里面的低云，所以要下雨了。

28. In summer, the weather is very hot, with long days and short nights. It is impossible to cool the ground-level air to the extent where condensation occurs on a single night, so there can be no fog during clear summer days. If there is fog during summer, it may be due to clouds in the sky, with a moist and heavy lower atmosphere, weak sunlight, weak ground warming, and no upward air movement. This is a scene of cyclonic weather. The fog observed may be the low clouds within the cyclone, indicating rain is likely to occur.

29. 早起雾露，晌午晒破葫芦。

29. Early morning dew, at noon the gourd is shattered by the sun.

30. 在奇热的夏天，因为地面特别热，所以有强烈的对流现象发生。对流常造成高大像山岳、可怕像猛兽的积云或积雨云。积雨云是雷雨的母体，所以又叫雷雨云，这种云块，中心浓厚，外围较淡，在日落西山的时候，衬到红的日光，四边显成红色。但是云的中心比较浓厚，红光透不过来，所以现出黑心了。

30. In the scorching summer, due to the particularly hot ground, there are strong convection phenomena occurring. Convection often leads to towering cumulus clouds or cumulonimbus clouds, which are as imposing as mountains and as terrifying as fierce beasts. Cumulonimbus clouds are the mother of thunderstorms, hence they are also called thunderstorm clouds. These cloud masses have a thick center and a lighter periphery. When the sun sets in the west, they are illuminated by the red sunlight, making their edges appear red. However, the center of the cloud is particularly thick, and the red light cannot penetrate it, so it appears with a black core.

31. 乌云出现在南北气流之间的锋面上，这种乌云如果已到了我国的南方，它将跟着北风继续南去，不会再到本地，所以本地天旱，潭里要水，只有从河里翻过来。

31. Dark clouds appear at the front where the north and south air currents meet. If such dark clouds have reached the southern part of our country, they will continue southward following the north wind and will not return to the local area. Therefore, with local drought and a need for water in the pond, the only way to obtain water is to fetch it from the river by reversing its flow.

32. 俗称的“龙”，即气象学上的龙卷风。它的形状，好像一个漏斗管，从积雨云底下垂。中心气压极低，四周气流绕中央轴旋转，风力极大，但范围极小，它的直径平均不过几十丈，生命极短促，平均不过三至五小时。积雨云的出现，既然是晴热天气的产物，龙卷风对于天气的影响，不论在时间上或空间上，都极有限，故大范围的天气依然是晴明的。但是龙卷风也有产生在冷锋的积雨云下的，大范围内有冷锋的作用，天气就未必“晴堂堂”了。

32. The so-called "dragon," which is a tornado in meteorology. Its shape resembles a funnel, hanging down from beneath the cumulonimbus clouds. The central air pressure is extremely low, with air currents swirling around the central axis. The wind is extremely strong, but the range is very small, with an average diameter of only a few tens of meters. Its lifespan is extremely short, averaging only three to five hours. Since the occurrence of cumulonimbus clouds is a product of sunny and hot weather, the impact of tornadoes on the weather, whether in terms of time or space, is extremely limited, so the weather over a large area remains clear and bright. However, tornadoes can also occur under the cumulonimbus clouds formed by cold fronts. When there is the effect of cold fronts over a large area, the weather may not be "sunny and bright."

33. 天上扫帚云，三天雨降淋。

33. A broom cloud in the sky, rain will pour down in three days.

34. 云走东，刮股风；云走西，风沟溢；云走南，长流檐，云走北，晒破砖。(山西临汾)

34. When clouds move east, there's a stockwind; when clouds move west, the wind fills the ravine; when clouds move south, the eaves flow with a long stream; when clouds move north, the bricks are baked by the sun. (Linfen, Shanxi)

35. 云成白色小薄块，或作小球状，色洁白透明，排列成群，也有排成波纹的形状。这种云看来好像鱼鳞，但又不是粗大而灰暗的。这种云在气象学上，叫做卷积云，是发生在气旋前驱的云。所以这种云来，就告诉我们气旋跟着就到，所以“不雨也风颠”。

35. The clouds form into white, thin blocks or into small, round shapes, with a clean, transparent color, arranged in groups or in wavy patterns. These clouds resemble fish scales, but they are not coarse and dark. In meteorology, this type of cloud is called cirrus clouds, which occur in the precursor stage of cyclones. Therefore, when these clouds appear, it tells us that a cyclone is about to follow, hence the saying "No rain, but the wind is turbulent."

36. 云是悬浮在高空中的密集的水滴或冰滴。从云里可以降雨或雪。对天气变化有经验的人都知道：天上挂什么云，就有什么天气，所以说，云是天气的相貌，天空云的形状可以表现短时间内天气变化的动态。云是用肉眼可以直接看到的现象，所以关于它的谚语最多，也比较符合科学原理。

36. Clouds are dense clusters of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the high atmosphere. Rain or snow can fall from clouds. Those who are experienced with weather changes know: the type of clouds in the sky indicates the type of weather. Therefore, clouds are the outward appearance of weather, and the shape of clouds in the sky can reflect the dynamic changes of weather in a short period of time. Clouds are phenomena that can be seen with the naked eye, so there are the most proverbs about them, and they also conform to the scientific principles.

37. 雾也是悬浮在高空中的密集的水滴或冰滴。从存在的实体讲，雾和云并没有差别。但从它们形成的原因和出现的环境来看，却是两回事。雾层的底是贴紧在地面上的，可见成雾的空气层没有经过上升运动，水汽凝结所必需的冷却过程是在安定于地面的空气层内进行的。这表示有雾的天气，大气层是稳定的，和成云的大气层不稳定性，刚刚相反。最后演变出来的天气，也是刚刚相反。有云的天气主阴雨，有雾的天气基本上是晴好的。同样，雾也是肉眼可见的现象，所以关于雾的谚语也不少。

37. Mist is also a dense collection of water droplets or ice crystals suspended at high altitudes. In terms of the existing entities, there is no difference between mist and clouds. However, from the perspective of their formation causes and the environments in which they appear, they are quite different. The bottom of the mist layer is tightly attached to the ground, indicating that the air layer that forms mist does not undergo ascending movement. The cooling process necessary for the condensation of water vapor takes place within the air layer that remains stable at the ground. This implies that on foggy days, the atmosphere is stable, which is just the opposite of the instability of the atmosphere that forms clouds. The resulting weather patterns are also just the opposite. Cloudy weather is usually rainy, while foggy weather is generally fine and clear. Similarly, mist is also a visible phenomenon to the naked eye, so there are also many proverbs about mist.

38. 乌云接日头，明朝不如今日。(《田家五行》论日)

38. The clouds embrace the sun, tomorrow will not be as good as today. (From the "Five Elements of the Peasant's Life" on the sun)

39. 上面各句的意义相同，都指出云彩如果从东往西，或从北往南，天气将要阴雨；云彩如果从西往东，或从南往北，天气都是好的。这里所指的云，如果是气旋区域里的低云，上面各句，都是很有用的。如果是指高云，那就末必可靠了。

39. The meanings of the above sentences are the same, all indicating that if clouds move from east to west, or from north to south, the weather will be overcast and rainy; if clouds move from west to east, or from south to north, the weather will be fine. Here, the clouds referred to are very useful if they are low clouds within a cyclonic region. However, if they are high clouds, the reliability of the above sentences may not be guaranteed.

40. 朝有天，暮有地，主睛；反此，则雨。(《田家五行》论日)

40. In the morning there is the sky, in the evening there is the earth, and there is the ruler's gaze; if this is reversed, it will rain. (From the "Five Elements of the Farm" on the sun)

41. 晚上天空罩了云，早上地面就没有露水或霜。所以早上出行，不用著雨鞋。这是因为天空的云，有保护地面散热的作用，晚上有了云，早上就不会很冷，贴地层的水汽就不会凝结成露水或霜，所以地面是干净的。

41. The sky was covered with clouds at night, and there was no dew or frost on the ground in the morning. Therefore, when traveling in the morning, there is no need to wear rain boots. This is because the clouds in the sky have a protective effect on the ground's heat dissipation. With clouds at night, it won't be too cold in the morning, and the water vapor near the ground will not condense into dew or frost, so the ground remains clean.

42. 低云不见走，落雨在不久。

42. Low clouds are not moving, rain is coming soon.

43. 太阳出来，雾就消开，可见这种雾是晴天产生的辐射低雾。雾消日出，天气晴朗。因为辐射雾，都发生在反气旋中，所以三天之内，天气很少有变坏的可能。要是太阳出来而雾不散开，太阳无法下射，天气潮湿，所以人会觉得特别寒冷。

43. When the sun comes out, the fog clears, indicating that this kind of fog is a radiation fog produced on sunny days. With the fog clearing and the sun rising, the weather is clear. Since radiation fog usually occurs in anticyclones, there is rarely a chance for the weather to worsen within three days. If the sun comes out but the fog does not disperse, the sun's rays cannot penetrate, the weather becomes damp, and people will feel particularly cold.

44. 下雨天当然是全天蔽云的，同时因为空气扰动的结果，地面的水汽尘埃都被吹向上空，而分布于垂直方向，所以平视的能见度特别好，而垂直能见度较恶劣。这就是天边光亮，天顶灰暗成为雨天先兆的道理。等到大气稳定了，所有水汽尘埃都密集在地面低空，这样平视的能见度恶劣，而垂直的能见度优良，所以显得天顶光亮，地平灰暗，既然大气变得稳定了，所以天不再下雨了。

44. It is naturally overcast throughout the day during rain, and due to the disturbances in the air, the water vapor and dust from the ground are blown upward and distributed vertically, which is why the horizontal visibility is particularly good, while the vertical visibility is rather poor. This is why the bright sky at the horizon and the dark sky overhead become an omen of rain. When the atmosphere becomes stable, all the water vapor and dust gather densely in the lower atmosphere near the ground. This results in poor horizontal visibility but good vertical visibility, making the sky overhead appear bright and the horizon dark. Since the atmosphere has become stable, it no longer rains.

45. 雨天，地平线上特显光明，表示还要继续下雨；反之，如果地平线上比较灰暗，天顶上显得光亮，这是天气转晴的预兆。

45. On rainy days, if the horizon appears particularly bright, it indicates that more rain is to come; conversely, if the horizon looks darker and the zenith is brighter, this is a sign that the weather is about to clear up.

46. 秋冬两季的雾和春天一样，也是晴天的产物，所以白天的天气，还是好天气多，理由和“春雾日头”相同。不过秋冬的阳光已不及春天强，所谓“秋霉凉风，冬雾雪”可能是在南下高气压前部，因为冷空气和本地比较暖和的空气相混合常发生雾。在高气压刚来的时候，风力相当大，冬天还可下雪。如果在高气压的中央区域，白天还可有下沉西风。

46. Just like spring, the fog in autumn and winter is also a product of clear weather, so there are more sunny days during the day, for the same reasons as "spring mist with sun." However, the sunshine in autumn and winter is not as strong as in spring. The saying "autumn mildew, cool breeze; winter fog, snow" may be because before the southern advancing high-pressure area, the mixing of cold air and locally warmer air often leads to fog. When the high-pressure system first arrives, the wind is quite strong, and it can even snow in winter. If you are in the central region of the high-pressure area, there can still be sinking westerlies during the day.

47. 云彩东，起股风；云彩西，披蓑农；云彩南，水涟涟；云彩北，大坑沿上干死龟。(湖南、河北正定、河南扶沟)

47. Clouds in the east, a breeze begins; clouds in the west, farmers wear their straw raincoats; clouds in the south, the water ripples; clouds in the north, the big pit's edge, a dry turtle perishes. (Hunan, Zhengding, Hebei, Fugou, Henan)

48. 早晨浮云走，午后晒死狗。

48. In the morning, floating clouds move; by noon, the dogs are sunbaked to death.

49. 朝要天顶穿，暮要四脚悬。(《田家五行》论日)

49. In the morning, the sun should pierce the zenith; in the evening, its four limbs should hang suspended. (From "Tianjia Wuxing" on the sun)

50. “朝有天”和“朝要天顶穿”、“暮有地”和“暮要四脚悬”意义完全相同，都是晴天之兆。

50. "Morning has sky" and "Morning wants to pierce the zenith," "Evening has earth" and "Evening wants all four legs suspended" have the exact same meaning, both are omens of fine weather.

51. 以上各段，意义相同。谚语中所提到河、溪、江都是指银河。所谓江猪、懒龙、黑云作河堰，都是一种大块碎雨云，跟着当时的大风，飞也似地走过天空的情况。这种雨都出现在气旋的冷锋上，或者台风区域内，所以是大雨立至的先兆。

51. The above paragraphs have the same meaning. The rivers, streams, and rivers mentioned in the proverb all refer to the Milky Way. The so-called river pigs, lazy dragons, and dark clouds forming river dams are all large patches of碎rain clouds, flying through the sky as if by the wind. Such rain occurs on the cold front of a cyclone or within the area of a typhoon, so it is a sign of heavy rain coming soon.

52. 还有一种说法：如果云从东往西，或从北往南，表明高空风为东风或北风，这可能是台风将要入侵本地的前兆。所以，有可能下大雨。

52. There is another saying: if the clouds are moving from east to west, or from north to south, it indicates that the high-altitude wind is an east wind or a north wind, which may be a sign that a typhoon is about to invade the local area. Therefore, there is a possibility of heavy rain.

53. 清晨雾浓，一日天晴。

53. In the early morning, the fog is thick, and the sky clears up by day.

54. 西北恶云长，冰雹在后晌。

54. The evil clouds of the northwest linger, hail follows in the afternoon.

55. 天上鲤鱼斑，明日晒谷勿用翻。(南京、广西郁林、河北威县)

55. The sky has the scales of a carp, don't turn over the grain tomorrow for drying. (Nanjing, Yu Lin, Guangxi, Wei County, Hebei)

56. 早晨棉絮云，午后必雨淋。

56. Early morning cotton wool clouds, it will definitely rain in the afternoon.

57. 春雾日头，夏雾雨；秋雾凉风，冬雾雪。（江苏江阴、湖南长沙）

57. Spring mist with the sun, summer mist with rain; autumn mist with cool breeze, winter mist with snow. (Jiangyin, Jiangsu; Changsha, Hunan)

58. 雾起不收，细雨不休；雾起即收，旭日可求。 （浙江义乌、江苏元锡）

58. The mist rises and does not disperse, the fine rain does not cease; when the mist rises, it disperses, and the rising sun can be sought. (Yiwu, Zhejiang; Yuanxi, Jiangsu)

59. 三日雾浓，必起狂风。

59. If the fog is thick for three days, a fierce storm will surely follow.

60. 云吃雾有雨，雾吃云好天。

60. If clouds eat mist, there will be rain; if mist eats clouds, it will be a fine day.

61. 早起雾露，晌午晒破葫芦。晚间天罩云，早上着鞋行；早上地罩雾，尽管洗衣裤

61. Early morning dew, at noon the gourd is cracked by the sun. At night, the sky is veiled with clouds, and in the morning, shoes are worn; in the morning, the ground is covered with mist, and it is still okay to wash pants.

62. 乌云在东，有雨不凶；乌云在南，河水翻潭。(安徽怀远)

62. Dark clouds in the east, the rain is not fierce; dark clouds in the south, the river overturns its pool. (Huaibei, Anhui)

63. 云彩往东，一场大风；云彩往西，没屋脊；云彩往南，水没房檐；云彩往北，一片漆黑。(河北沧县)

63. If clouds move to the east, a strong wind will come; if clouds move to the west, the roof will be covered; if clouds move to the south, water will overflow the eaves; if clouds move to the north, it will be pitch black. (Cang County, Hebei Province)

64. 凡是晴好的天气，吃中午饭时，常因对流作用产生出积云来。这种云起自本地，到黄昏时，跟着当时下沉的气流消散，所以天气马上转晴了。但是，如果早上或半夜起的云，那就不是好天的现象，未来天气势必变坏。

64. On fine weather days, cumulus clouds often form during lunchtime due to convection. These clouds originate locally and dissipate by dusk as they follow the sinking air currents, thus the weather clears up quickly. However, if clouds form in the morning or at midnight, it is not a sign of good weather, and the weather is likely to deteriorate in the future.

65. 早上地面掩了一层雾，天气保证是好的，所以尽管洗衣裤好了。雾是晴天的产物，有雾天气，必定是晴天。

65. In the morning, there was a layer of fog covering the ground, but the weather was guaranteed to be good, so the washing pants were ready. Fog is a product of clear weather, so on days with fog, it must be clear.

66. 大雾如果发生在海洋气流中叫做海性雾。因为这种气流来自海洋，所以温度特暖，湿度也特大，接着会使本地气压逐渐降低，而发生天气变化。

66. If heavy fog occurs in an oceanic airflow, it is called sea fog. Because this airflow originates from the ocean, it is particularly warm in temperature and extremely high in humidity, which subsequently leads to a gradual decrease in local atmospheric pressure and the occurrence of weather changes.

67. 乌头风，白头雨。(江苏江阴、江苏苏州、河北保定)

67. Wind from the Aconite, rain from the white hair. (Jiangyin, Jiangsu; Suzhou, Jiangsu; Baoding, Hebei)

68. 天上起了鱼鳞斑，湖里晒成硬土山。(江苏、湖北黄冈)

68. The sky is covered with fish-scale patterns, and the lake has been baked into a hard soil mountain. (Jiangsu, Huanggang, Hubei)

69. 扫帚云，泡死人；鱼鳞云，晒死人。(青海西宁)

69. Broom clouds will sweep away the dead; fish scale clouds will bake the dead. (Xining, Qinghai)

70. 太阳落下去的西方有乌云，是碎块的，不是成层的，这种云是西方地区由于当天的热力对流而引起的，到黄昏时分就要消失。不像气旋里的云，成系统地漫布全天，不可能当地就消灭。所以这种分碎的云，不是未来天气下雨的预兆，反而成为晴朗天气，太阳强烈的预兆。

70. There are scattered dark clouds in the west where the sun sets, not in layers. These clouds are caused by the day's thermal convection in the western region and will disappear at dusk. Unlike the clouds in a cyclone, which systematically cover the entire sky and cannot be eliminated locally. Therefore, these scattered clouds are not a sign of future rain, but rather a sign of clear weather and a strong sun.

71. 晚雾晴，晚雾相当于夜晚和清晨有雾，必是晴天。

71. The late fog clears up to a sunny sky, indicating that the late fog is equivalent to having fog in the evening and at dawn, which is a sign of clear weather.

72. 早雨一日晴，晚雨到天明。

72. Rain early and the sky clears by day's end, rain late and it continues through the morning.

73. 早雾，指白天有雾。在晴好无云的天气，太阳很好，地面很暖，气流只有上升成云，决不可能静息地面而成雾。现在白天有雾出现，显然天空有云，日光不现，此即阴天的景象。白天的雾，还有一种可能，就是气旋里面、暖锋面上的云系下降着地的低层云，这是气旋中心区域的天气，当然是阴雨天气就在跟前了。

73. Early mist refers to the occurrence of mist during the day. On sunny days with no clouds, the sun is bright and the ground is warm. The air currents are only rising to form clouds, so it is impossible for them to settle on the ground and form mist. Now, the fact that there is mist during the day clearly indicates that there are clouds in the sky, and the sunlight is not visible, which is the scene of a cloudy day. Another possibility for the mist during the day is that low-level clouds from cloud systems descending on the surface of a warm front or within a cyclone. This is the weather in the central area of the cyclone, which of course suggests that rainy and cloudy weather is imminent.

74. 雾后来云，下雨；云后来雾，天晴。雾多见于反气旋中，天气晴明；密蔽天空的云多见于气旋之中，天气恶劣。雾之后，来了一大片云，可能反气旋已过去，气旋来临；也可能高空暖湿得很，雾密集不散而出现云，这是下雨前的景象。反之，如果云消而雾起，足见气旋已去，晴明的反气旋天气已经来临，天就好了。

74. After the fog comes clouds, and it rains; after the clouds come fog, the weather clears up. Fog is more common in anticyclones, where the weather is clear and bright; dense clouds covering the sky are more common in cyclones, where the weather is恶劣. After the fog, a large cloud appears, which may indicate that the anticyclone has passed and a cyclone is approaching; or it could be that the upper atmosphere is very warm and moist, with dense fog not dissipating and forming clouds, which is a sign of rain approaching. Conversely, if the clouds dissipate and fog appears, it shows that the cyclone has gone, and the clear and bright anticyclone weather has arrived, and the weather will improve.

75. 雾一般出现在晴朗的夜晚。在正常的情况下，日出之后，随着太阳的升高，雾就会慢慢地散去，出现“旭日可求”的好天气。若是日出之后，不见雾散，很可能在雾的上空有云存在。这时，雾就可上升与云连成一体，使云的厚度加大，而导致连绵细雨。

75. Fog generally appears on clear nights. Normally, after the sunrise, as the sun rises higher, the fog will slowly dissipate, leading to good weather with a "seeking the sunrise" feeling. If the fog does not dissipate after the sunrise, it is likely that there are clouds above the fog. In this case, the fog can rise and merge with the clouds, increasing the thickness of the clouds and resulting in continuous light rain.

76. 上天同云，雨雪纷纷。(《诗经》小雅信南山)

76. The heavens are clouded with the same sky, rain and snow fall in profusion. (From the Book of Songs, Chapter of South Mountain)

77. 由此可见，积雨云的造成，表示地面有强烈的上升气流。既然有上升气流，从积雨云顶下降的冰滴，就有被吹托上升，来复几次的可能，所以从那“黑心带红边”的“夏天云彩”，也就是积雨云里，就具备了下冰雹块的条件。但是，积雨云底下的上升气流，如果力量并不够大，雹的造成就非必然的了。所以这句谚语，有时也会失验的。

77. From this, it can be seen that the formation of cumulonimbus clouds indicates the presence of strong upward air currents at the ground level. Since there are upward air currents, the ice pellets descending from the top of the cumulonimbus clouds have the possibility of being carried up and descending several times, thus from those "black heart with red edge" summer clouds, i.e., the cumulonimbus clouds, the conditions for hailstones are present. However, if the upward air currents beneath the cumulonimbus clouds are not strong enough, the formation of hail is not necessarily guaranteed. Therefore, this proverb may sometimes fail to hold true.

78. 乌云接日，不过三日。(福建福清平潭《农家渔户丛谚》)

78. The clouds touch the sun, but it won't be three days. (A folk proverb from Pingtan, Fuqing, Fujian)

79. 这是气旋里面的云系，越到低压中心，也就越近雨区。所以云层越低的现象表示天快下雨，地上不干了。

79. This is the cloud system within the cyclone, and as you get closer to the low-pressure center, you also get closer to the rain area. Therefore, the phenomenon of lower cloud layers indicates that it is about to rain, and the ground will no longer be dry.

80. 看到天空的云，南北相挤，表示天空有南北气流在相互冲突。这或者是由于旋涡的作用，或者是因为锋面而发生的，都可促成气流上升，使水汽凝成云雨。

80. The clouds in the sky are being pressed together from north to south, indicating that there is a conflict between north-south air currents in the sky. This may be due to the action of vortices or caused by fronts, both of which can promote the rising of air currents, leading to condensation of water vapor into clouds and rain.

81. 雾的种类很多，各种雾的成因也不相同。但是，可以称做大雾且可连续发生三天之多的，大概是辐射低雾，海性雾，或者是热带气流雾。

81. There are many types of fog, and the causes of each type are also different. However, the ones that can be called heavy fog and can occur continuously for three days or more are probably radiation fog, sea fog, or tropical airflow fog.