1. 立足杏林，放眼世界，真诚对人用心做事。

1. Rooted in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, with an eye on the world, sincerely treating people with heart and dedication in our work.

2. 有的图书称之为“惯用语”，但所涉及的语言现象，却是“俚语”，如：背靠背、开夜车、乱弹琴、磨洋工、冤大头，等等。笔者以前在《俗语五千条》的前言中，曾用“熟语”来称呼描述性的俗语。熟语这一术语的定义，也不十分明确，有的辞典又把它当作高于俗语、成语的术语来使用，而它本身又跟“俗语”的读音近似，某些方言区甚至就是同音词，作为术语，自身有不足之处。再三斟酌，觉得不如用“俚语”来代替。

2. Some books refer to these as "colloquialisms," but the language phenomena involved are actually "slang," such as: back to back, all-nighters, playing the fiddle, shilly-shallying, and pushover, etc. In the preface of my book "Five Thousand Popular Sayings," I used the term "idiomatic expressions" to describe descriptive proverbs. The definition of the term "idiomatic expressions" is not very clear either; some dictionaries even use it as a term that is superior to slang and idioms, while it itself is very similar in pronunciation to "slang," and in some dialect regions, it is even a homonym. As a term, it has its own shortcomings. After careful consideration, I think it is better to use the term "slang" instead.

3. 这一部分语句是描述性的，跟总结知识经验的谚语不同，而又无确定的术语，现在只是笼统地称为俗语，实在有必要把它跟谚语区别开来，给它一个确定的名称。

3. This part of the text is descriptive, different from the proverbs that summarize knowledge and experience, and it does not have specific terminology. It is currently only vaguely referred to as "proverbs," but it is indeed necessary to distinguish it from proverbs and give it a definite name.

4. 做人在于做心。心若不善，一切完蛋。?>

4. The essence of being a person lies in cultivating one's heart. If the heart is not good, everything is ruined.

5. 人生应该如蜡烛一样，从顶燃到底，一直都是光明的。

5. Life should be like a candle, burning from the top to the bottom, always shining brightly.

6. 秋后的蚂蚁 － <蹦达不了几天>

6. Ants after autumn - <They can't jump for long>

7. ⑥拉完磨杀驴← →卸磨杀驴

7. ⑥ Kill the donkey after grinding the corn ← → Kill the donkey after unloading the corn

8. 读书要专心，做事要用心，做人要尽心，待人要诚心。

8. Read with concentration, do things with dedication, live with sincerity, and treat others with honesty.

9. 不是某人使我烦恼，而是我拿某人的言行来烦恼自己。

9. It's not someone else who troubles me, but rather I trouble myself with someone else's words and actions.

10. ②竹篮子打水，一场空（前为形象，后为解释，描述性俗语→俚语）

10. ②The bamboo basket carries water, ending up empty (the former is imagery, the latter is explanation, descriptive colloquialism → slang)

11. 道虽近，不行不至；事虽小，不做不成。灯不拨不亮，理不辩不明。

11. The path may be close, but it won't reach its destination if not walked; the matter may be small, but it won't be accomplished if not done. A lamp won't be bright without being turned on, and a principle won't be clear without being argued.

12. 我宁愿以诚挚获得一百名敌人的攻击，也不愿以伪善获得十个朋友的赞扬。

12. I would rather receive the attacks of a hundred sincere enemies than the praise of ten hypocritical friends.

13. 格言也总结知识经验，寓有思想意义。但仔细区分，仍稍有不同。格言所总结的知识经验主要是社会方面的，多属逻辑思维，是哲理性的语句，常出自名人名著；而谚语总结的知识经验不限于社会方面，也包括自然科学、生产实践（如农谚），它出自人民群众之口，多属形象思维，是文学性的语言。这种区别，应该把格言归入书面语一类，把谚语归入口语一类。但是，也难免有交错的情况。

13. Maxims also summarize knowledge and experience, embodying significant thought. However, upon careful distinction, there is still a slight difference. The knowledge and experience summarized by maxims are mainly of social nature, belong to logical thinking, are philosophical statements, and often come from famous people and their works; whereas the knowledge and experience summarized by proverbs are not limited to the social aspect, but also include natural sciences and productive practice (such as agricultural proverbs), originating from the mouth of the people, mainly characterized by figurative thinking, and being literary language. This distinction should categorize maxims into written language, and proverbs into spoken language. But it is inevitable that there will be some crossover cases.

14. 有一年，慈禧太后忽然得了重病，头痛，心痛，肚皮痛，病到奄奄一息的地步，急得满朝文武百官团团转。北京城里名医车载斗量，可是对西太后的病症，都束手无策。是没有本领吗？不是的，实在是责任太大，在用药上为难了，轻了不见效，重了怕万一失误，吃罪不起。所以，弄得慈禧太后的毛病一天危急一天，眼看就要横下来了。

14. One year, Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly fell seriously ill, suffering from headaches, chest pain, and abdominal pain, and the illness had brought her to the brink of death. The officials in the court were in a frenzy of worry. In the city of Beijing, there were many famous doctors, but none could find a cure for the Empress Dowager's illness. Was it because they lacked ability? No, it was because the responsibility was too great. They were at a loss in terms of medication: if the dosage was too light, it wouldn't work; if it was too heavy, they feared making a mistake that they could not bear. Therefore, Empress Dowager Cixi's condition grew increasingly critical day by day, and it seemed that she was on the verge of passing away.

15. 骄傲自满是我们的一座可怕的陷阱；而且，这个陷阱是我们自己亲手挖掘的。

15. Pride and complacency are a terrifying trap for us; and, worse still, this trap is one that we ourselves have dug with our own hands.

16. 歇后语形式上是半截话（前半为形象或事例，后半为解释、说明），实际上是要把话说得更形象些，更具体些。因此，歇后语应该包括在俗语之内。不过，歇后语中的形象常常是漫画式的，带有戏谑调侃的色彩。它用种种修辞手段，对字、词、语、句（包括俗语本身）加以修饰，使之生动活泼。因而跟谚语、描述性俗语（改称俚语），又有些不同。如：

16. The set phrase is formally a half-sentence (the first half being an image or an example, and the second half being an explanation or clarification), but actually, it is meant to express things in a more vivid and specific manner. Therefore, the set phrase should be included within proverbs. However, the images in set phrases are often cartoonish, carrying a tone of jest and teasing. It employs various rhetorical devices to embellish words, phrases, sentences (including the proverbs themselves), making them lively and animated. Hence, it is somewhat different from proverbs and descriptive colloquialisms (referred to as slang). For example:

17. 另据研究，蜘蛛的腿能感知20—50赫频率的声音，当天气转晴时昆虫易活动，飞行时发出的嗡嗡声，蜘蛛蛛很快就会发觉，所以便添丝织网，准备捕捉。这正是民间用“蜘蛛挂网，久雨必晴”谚语来观测天气晴雨的道理。

17. According to research, a spider's legs can perceive sounds of 20 to 50 Hz frequency. When the weather turns sunny, insects are more active and their buzzing sound during flight can be quickly detected by the spider. Therefore, the spider will spin a web to prepare for capturing them. This is the reason why the folk谚 "When the spider spins a web, a long rainy period will soon clear up" is used to observe the weather conditions.

18. 在研究歇后语的渊源时，有些语言学家和语言学专著还述及其它有关名称。如陈望道在《修辞学发凡》中，将歇后语列入"藏词"格一节介绍；郭绍虞在《谚语的研究》中，指出歇后语源起于"射覆语"（类似猜谜的一种形式）；另外一些书上又列出诸如"隐语"、"谜语"、"谚语"、"缩脚语"、"俏皮话"等名称。加以比较，大都揭示出其中一些共同之处和相异之点。关于歇后语的分类，向无定说。何况还有不少歇后语，一身兼有几种性质，要划分得十分科学，是比较困难的。为了便于查阅，我们将歇后语条目中凡带有谐音字的归入一类，其余的按照比喻部分的性质分为三类。

18. In the study of the origin of puns, some linguists and linguistic monographs also mention other related terms. For example, Chen Wangdao lists puns under the section on "Hidden Words" in his book "Fundamentals of Rhetoric"; Guo Shaoyu points out in his study of proverbs that puns originated from "Shèifù language" (a form similar to riddles); other books also list terms such as "Euphemism", "Riddle", "Proverb", "Abbreviated Language", and "Sarcastic Remarks". By comparison, most reveal some commonalities and differences among them. There has been no definitive classification of puns. Moreover, many puns have several properties at once, making it quite difficult to divide them scientifically. To facilitate reference, we will classify all pun entries with homophonic characters into one category, and the rest will be divided into three categories according to the nature of the metaphorical part.

19. 纸糊的琵琶 － <谈（弹）不得>

19. Paper-pasted Pipa - <Not to be played>

20. 我们有理由认为，这是当时流行在民间的俗语，是出于一般人民的生活经验。这类古代的歇后语，虽然很少见于文字记载，但在民间流传相信是不少的。如钱大昕《恒言录》所载："千里寄鹅毛，物轻人意重，复斋所载宋时谚也。"这类歇后语，直到今天还继续为人们所使用。

20. We have reason to believe that this was a common saying among the people at that time, derived from the life experiences of the general public. Such ancient proverbs, although rarely found in written records, are believed to have been numerous in the folk tradition. As recorded in Qian Daxin's "Record of Constant Sayings": "A mile of distance sends a feather, the object is light but the thought is heavy, a saying from the Song Dynasty as recorded by Fu Zhai." Such proverbs are still in use by people today.

21. 综上所述，谚语，俚语（描述性的俗语），歇后语，这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句，与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别，它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。

21. In summary, proverbs, colloquialisms (descriptive idioms), and riddles form the whole of popular sayings. Popular sayings belong to the oral type of language, and are distinguished from idiomatic phrases and maxims of the written language. They constitute two major systems of the Chinese language: oral and written.

22. 歇后语良莠不齐，有些歇后语内容和形象，均不见佳，有一部分，甚至是语言垃圾，不宜滥用。有些常用的歇后语，形象较好，前后结合得比较紧密，已经跟谚语、描述性的俗语（俚语）近似。如：

22. The puns vary in quality; some have unsavory content and imagery, and a portion even amount to language waste, which should not be overused. Some commonly used puns have better imagery and a closer connection between the two parts, and they are nearly equivalent to proverbs or descriptive colloquialisms (slang). For example:

23. 歇后语，是我们中国人特有的智慧与趣味语言，也是民间爱用的一种语法。

23. Idiomatic expressions are a unique form of wisdom and humorous language that we Chinese people have, and they are also a grammar frequently used by the folk.

24. 做事不用心，难求好结果。全力做一事，虽败亦无憾。

24. If one does not put one's heart into their work, it is difficult to achieve good results. Devoting all one's efforts to a single task, even if one fails, there is no regret.

25. 这类歇后语，是利用同音字或近音字相谐，由原来的意义引申出所需要的另一个意义。这类歇后语，往往要转几个弯，才能领悟它的意思。因而也更饶有兴味。

25. This kind of pun uses homophones or near-sounding characters to harmonize, deriving another meaning needed from the original meaning. Such puns often require several twists and turns to understand their meaning, making them even more interesting.

26. 弄堂里搬木头 － <直来直去>

26. Moving wood in the alley -

27. 有的文章中偶尔也把俗语称作成语。俗语和成语都是汉语中的约定俗成的语言形式，二者关系密切。“约定俗成”这一成语，就包含着俗、成二字。但从学习的角度来看，它们还是各有特点的。试比较下列例句：

27. Occasionally, some articles also refer to proverbs as idioms. Both proverbs and idioms are conventional linguistic forms in Chinese, and they are closely related. The idiom "conventionally accepted" contains the characters "俗" and "成". However, from the perspective of learning, they each have their own characteristics. Let's compare the following examples:

28. ①城门失火，殃及池鱼（形象，八个字，成语→俗语）

28. ①When the city gate catches fire, it also burns the fish in the pool (figurative, eight-character idiom → proverb)

29. 曹沧洲未用上好良药，单开了一味草头药，只写了五个大字：萝卜籽三钱。看得众御医当场发呆，个个舌头伸多长的，认为这个乡下郎中是进京来送死了。他们都懂药性，萝卜籽是括油的，西太后一向要滋补身体，这药分明不合西太后的心意，但是曹沧洲亲手撮药，亲手煎药，亲手送药到西太后的卧室前，等候她喝下去以后，这才回到住所休息。

29. Cao Cangzhou didn't use any good medicine, but only prescribed a single herb medicine, writing only five big characters: "Three ounces of radish seeds." This left the crowd of royal physicians in a daze on the spot, with each one's tongue sticking out for a long time. They believed that this country doctor had come to Beijing to commit suicide. They all knew the properties of the medicine; radish seeds are used for oil extraction. The Empress Dowager Cixi always needed to nourish her body, and this medicine clearly did not cater to her wishes. However, Cao Cangzhou personally ground the medicine, personally decocted the medicine, and personally delivered it to the Empress Dowager Cixi's bedroom, waiting until she drank it before returning to his residence to rest.

30. 懒婆娘的裹脚 -- <又长又臭>。

30. The foot binding of a lazy wife -- <long and smelly>.

31. 俗语是口语型的，成语是书面语型的。这些语例，兼有俗语和成语的某些特点，看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录，好在这种情况并不算多。

31. Proverbs are oral in nature, while idioms are written in character. These examples combine certain characteristics of both proverbs and idioms, suggesting that both the dictionary of proverbs and the dictionary of idioms could include them. Fortunately, such cases are not very common.

32. ◆不当家，不知柴米贵；不生子，不知父母恩。

32. ◆He who has not managed a household does not know the value of firewood and rice; he who has not given birth does not know the kindness of parents.

33. 做人凡事要静；静静地来，静静地去，静静努力，静静收获，切忌喧哗。

33. In all matters of life, one should be calm; come quietly, go quietly, work quietly, and harvest quietly, avoiding noise at all costs.

34. 交友须带三分侠气 做人要存一点素心。

34. In making friends, one should have a sense of chivalry; in living, one should retain a bit of simplicity of heart.

35. ③国家的事再小也是大的，个人的事再大也是小的

35.③ Even the smallest matter of the state is significant, and even the biggest matter of an individual is trivial.

36. 诚心做人，用心做事。

36. Be sincere in being a person and attentive in doing things.

37. 遇有交叉兼类情况的，则归入其特点更为明显的一类。如

37. In cases of intersection and hybrid categories, they should be classified into the category with more pronounced characteristics. For example,