1. 概括性和科学性。概括性和科学性是农谚的最重要特点，由于农谚是口头相传的，必须简短流畅，便于记诵。但它的内容又很丰富，所以必须精练深刻，发人深思。许多农谚看来似属简单浅显，其实包含着深刻的科学原理，需要我们予以分析说明。例如种植绿肥的农谚：“若要草子好，经常三分燥。”一般地说，草子是喜欢湿润土壤的，但欢喜湿润并不等于不需要空气，农民特别指出“经常三分燥”。据科学研究证明，草子田土壤的湿度以70%左右最好，由于地下水位降低，增加了氧化层的厚度，缩短了还原层的厚度，可使根系及根瘤发展良好，这就是农谚的概括性和科学性所在。其他如“麦浇芽，菜浇花”6个字就概括了两种冬作的施肥关键；“山园直插，荡园斜插”，指出甘薯要根据不同水分条件，采取不同的扦插方式。“牛粪冷，马粪热”，在牛马粪中还分冷热，似乎没有道理，实际上由于牛、马的饮料不同，粪中微生物的活动也不同，发酵发热的能力是大有差别的。有些栽培措施不但影响产量而且影响品质。如农谚指出：“九耘谷无毛，三削麦无糟”，是很有道理的，应该如何解释透彻，还值得深入考虑。有些农谚必须通过科学研究才能揭发其理论意义，例如“种稻难种三黄稻”，“有钱难买大肚黄”。农民水稻专家陈永康提出的三黄三黑问题，几年来通过中国农业科学院江苏分院和陈永康同志一起搞科学实验，初步明确了“黄是代表晚稻个体发育过程中在转折点上的一种生理状态，每次落黄后，植株即转向另一新的阶段”。这才算初步阐释了三黄问题，但是，目前还存在不同意见的争论。农谚中像这种概括性强，富有深刻科学原理的，还有很多需要我们用现代科学知识或通过具体试验研究，予以分析提高。

1. Generality and Scientificity. Generality and scientificity are the most important characteristics of agricultural proverbs. Since agricultural proverbs are passed down orally, they must be concise and fluent, easy to remember. However, their content is very rich, so they must be concise and profound, thought-provoking. Many agricultural proverbs may seem simple and superficial at first glance, but in fact, they contain profound scientific principles that require analysis and explanation. For example, the agricultural proverb about planting green manure: "If you want the grass seeds to be good, keep them three parts dry." Generally speaking, grass seeds like moist soil, but liking moisture does not mean they do not need air. Farmers particularly point out "keep them three parts dry." Scientific research has proven that the soil humidity of grass seed fields is best at about 70%, due to the decrease in groundwater level, which increases the thickness of the oxidation layer and shortens the thickness of the reduction layer, allowing the roots and root nodules to develop well, which is the generalization and scientificity of the proverb. Other proverbs, such as "wheat irrigation for seedlings, vegetable irrigation for blossoms," with just six characters, summarize the key to fertilizing two winter crops; "straight insertion in mountain gardens, slanting insertion in flooded gardens," points out that sweet potatoes should be propagated differently according to different water conditions. "Cattle manure is cold, horse manure is hot," seems to have no logic, as there are cold and hot types in the manure of cattle and horses. In fact, due to the different drinks of cattle and horses, the activity of microorganisms in the manure is also different, and the ability to ferment and heat varies greatly. Some cultivation measures not only affect yield but also affect quality. For example, the proverb states: "Nine weeding for rice without bristles, three cutting for wheat without chaff," which is very reasonable. How to explain it thoroughly is worth further consideration. Some proverbs must be revealed through scientific research to understand their theoretical significance, such as "it's hard to grow three yellow rice," and "money can't buy big-bellied yellow rice." Chen Yongkang, a rice expert among the farmers, proposed the issue of "three yellows and three blacks" and, through scientific experiments conducted by the Jiangsu Branch of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences together with Chen Yongkang, over the past few years, the initial understanding that "yellow represents a physiological state of individual development of late rice at a turning point, and after each yellowing, the plant turns to another new stage" has been established. This can be considered an initial explanation of the "three yellows" issue, but currently, there are still controversies over different opinions. There are many proverbs with strong generalization and profound scientific principles that require us to analyze and improve them with modern scientific knowledge or through specific experimental research.

2. 省略：为便于口头背诵，省略是农谚的重要手法之一。以省去作主词用的名词为最多。例如：“千箩万箩，不如根头一箩”，这是指草子施灰肥的，省去草子和草木灰两个名词。“早瘟迟冻，不瘟不冻，霜降立冬”，是指油菜播种和毒素病、冻害的关系的，省去油菜播种四字。“天花不嫁自家婆”省玉米两字。也有省去动词的，如“冬至中，暖烘烘，冬至头，冻死牛”，是指冬至逢月中或逢月初之意。

2. Omission: For ease of recitation by mouth, omission is one of the important techniques in folk sayings. Omitting nouns used as the subject is the most common. For example, "Ten thousand baskets are not as good as one basket at the root" refers to the application of ash fertilizer to grass seeds, omitting the two nouns "grass seeds" and "ashes of plant residues." "Early blight, late frost, no blight, no frost, frost descent, winter arrives" refers to the relationship between rapeseed sowing and toxic disease, and frost damage, omitting the four characters "rapeseed sowing." "Sore throat does not嫁 to its own mother" omits two characters of "sorghum." There are also cases where verbs are omitted, such as "The winter solstice is warm and toasty, the winter solstice is the beginning of the month, the first day of the month, and the cows freeze to death," meaning that the winter solstice falls during the middle or the first day of the month.

3. 秋耕深一寸，顶上一茬粪。

3. Plow deeper by an inch in autumn, and you'll have the top layer of manure.

4. 秋天不深耕，来年虫子生。

4. If you don't plow deeply in autumn, pests will breed next year.

5. 七月秋，里里外外施到抽。

5. In July, the autumn leaves spread from the inside to the outside.

6. 根据上表举例，笔者曾试将浙江农谚农作物之部1081条24句类排比分类，结果共得64种句式。如果就全国农谚来分类，句式当然还要多些。需要指出的是，常见的句式基本上都集中在常见的句类中，其余是比较次要的。而且由于口头传诵或文字记录上的差误，只要有一字、一音的出入，即会引起句式的改变。例如上表11字句类中4+7式“千处粪田，不如一处来粪秧”中，如果去掉“来”字，便属于10字句的4+6式了。因此，从继承遗产创造新农谚的角度看，值得注意的不是问到底农谚有多少句类句式，倒是要注意这许多句类句式中那些最为常用、易记易诵。例如9字句的“扒根的稻子培根的谷”，“打春的萝卜立秋的瓜”，10字句的“立了秋，不论大小一齐揪”，“立了冬，只有梳头吃饭工”，13字句的“立了秋，雨水收，有塘有坝赶快修”，“打了春，立了夏，先种黍子后种麻”，14字句的“头锄皮，二锄泥，三锄四锄花花离离”等都是以短长相配取胜，容易朗诵上口的好句式，值得我们继承学习。

6. According to the examples in the above table, the author has attempted to classify 1081 idioms related to agricultural crops in Zhejiang into parallel categories, resulting in a total of 64 types of sentence structures. If we were to classify the agricultural idioms nationwide, there would undoubtedly be even more sentence structures. It should be noted that the common sentence structures are basically concentrated in the common types of sentences, with the rest being relatively minor. Moreover, due to discrepancies in oral recitation or written records, even a single character or sound difference can cause a change in the sentence structure. For example, in the 11-character sentence type "Four plus seven" in the table above, "A thousand places of fertilized fields are not as good as one place to fertilize the seedlings," if the character "来" is removed, it would belong to the 10-character sentence type "Four plus six." Therefore, from the perspective of inheriting the heritage and creating new agricultural idioms, what is worth paying attention to is not the exact number of sentence types and structures of the idioms, but rather those most commonly used, easily memorized, and recited. For example, the 9-character sentence "The rice with roots is the millet with roots," "The radish in spring and the melon in autumn," the 10-character sentence "Once autumn arrives, big or small, all should be harvested together," "Once winter arrives, only combing hair and eating are necessary," the 13-character sentence "Once autumn arrives, rain is collected, with ponds and dams, repair quickly," "Once spring arrives, summer arrives, plant millet first, then flax," and the 14-character sentence "The first hoe breaks the skin, the second hoe the mud, the third and fourth hoes separate the flowers" are all good sentence structures that win with a combination of short and long, easy to recite, and are worthy of inheritance and learning.

7. 只有自踏车，没有白削花。

7. There is no white-scaled flower without self-propelled bicycle.

8. 一阵太阳一阵雨，栽下黄秧吃白米。

8. Sometimes sunny, sometimes rainy, plant yellow seedlings to eat white rice.

9. 樟树落叶桃花红，白豆种子好出瓮。

9. Camphor trees shed their leaves, peach blossoms are red; White soybean seeds are good for making jars.

10. 稀麦稠谷饿死人，留苗定要留均匀。

10. Thin wheat and thick rice starve people to death, so it is essential to leave the seedlings evenly.

11. 叠字：是农谚中屡见的表达手法。例如：“多掼掼，割稻饭；多抖抖，割稻酒”；“头耘堆堆平，二耘挖挖根，三耘捧捧圆”，“稻子黄恹恹，主人欠它豆饼钱”；“种种甘薯种种稻，一年两头好”；“玉米结婚，子子孙孙”；“麦岭狭窄窄，一亩还无半亩麦，麦甽宽荡荡，一亩抵当半亩用”；“立夏播种，摘来棉花胖朵朵，小满播种，摘来棉花瘪塌塌”；“白露白迷迷，秋分稻头齐”……等等都是。

11. Reduplicated characters: This is a frequently seen expression technique in agricultural proverbs. For example: "More throw-throw, harvest rice for food; more shake-shake, harvest rice for wine"; "First till flatly, second till dig roots, third till roundly"; "Rice is yellow and wilted, the master owes it soybean cake money"; "Plant sweet potatoes and plant rice, good twice a year"; "Corn marriage, descendants generation after generation"; "Wheat ridges are narrow-narrow, one acre does not even have half an acre of wheat, wheat bins are wide-wang, one acre can be used as half an acre"; "Sow seeds on the Day of Pure Brightness, pick cotton bolls plump and round; sow seeds on the Day of Full Grain, pick cotton bolls thin and wilted"; "White Dew is white and hazy, the rice heads are even at the equinox" ... and so on.

12. 多犁一道土，多收一成粮。

12. The more you plow the soil, the more grain you'll harvest.

13. 农谚是人们口头流传的谚语，除个别情况外（如九九歌之类），一般每句类字数不宜太多，否则不便于口头传诵。尽管有些农谚可达100多字，而实际上占绝大多数的不超过20字，更多的是不超过14字。又因为农谚的内容很丰富，太短了就无法表达较多的内容，所以6字以下的5字、4字、3字句也不太多，在全部15823句农谚中，5字句只出现468句，占295%；4字句只出现150句，占094%；3字句更少，仅出现6句（因限于篇幅，这里没有将各句类所占分配情况一一列表）。

13. Folk sayings are proverbs that are passed down orally. Generally, except for some special cases (such as the "99 Songs"), the number of characters in each sentence should not be too many, otherwise it is not convenient for oral recitation. Although some folk sayings can reach over 100 characters, in fact, the majority do not exceed 20 characters, and more do not exceed 14 characters. Also, because the content of folk sayings is very rich, they cannot express a lot of content if they are too short. Therefore, there are not too many 5-character, 4-character, and 3-character sentences with less than 6 characters. In the total of 15,823 folk sayings, there are only 468 5-character sentences, accounting for 295%; only 150 4-character sentences, accounting for 094%; and only 6 3-character sentences (due to the limitation of space, the distribution of each type is not listed one by one here).

14. 立秋栽葱，白露栽蒜。

14. Plant scallions on the day of Lìqiū (Start of Autumn), and plant garlic on the day of Báilù (White Dews).

15. 塘内无水，仓里无米。

15. There is no water in the pond, and no rice in the granary.

16. 头道深，二道浅，三道像洗脸。

16. The first is deep, the second is shallow, and the third is like washing your face.

17. 农谚流传相当久远，不少古书上已有记载。例如，现今流行的“秧好半年稻”，“麦要浇芽，菜要浇花”，“处暑根头白，农夫吃一赫”，“稻如莺色红，全得水来供”等农谚，见之于明末的《沈氏农书》：“寸麦不怕尺水，尺麦但怕寸水”，见之于明末的《天工开物》；“无灰不种麦”，“收麦如救火”见之于16世纪初的《便民图纂》；“六月不热，五谷不结”，“六月盖了被，田里不生米”等见之于14世纪初的《田家五行》；“若要麦，见三白”，“正月三白，田公笑赫赫”，见之于8世纪初唐朝的《朝野佥载》；“欲知五谷，但视五木”，“耕而不劳，不如作暴”，见之于6世纪的《齐民要术》。古书中引用的农谚，还往往冠以“谚云”或“古人云”字样，说明被引用的该句农谚起源更早，到底早在何时，就不一定都能在文献上找到。至少目前所知，有些农谚可以远溯至数千年前，如浙江农谚：“大树之下无丰草，大块之间无美苗”一句，同样见之于西汉（公元前1世纪桓宽的《盐铁论》轻重第

17. The folk sayings related to agriculture have been passed down for a long time, and many ancient books have recorded them. For example, the popular sayings today such as "Good seedlings ensure half a year of rice," "Wheat needs to be watered at the sprouting stage, and vegetables at the flowering stage," "The roots turn white during the Heat Exclusion, and the farmers eat a lot," and "Rice turns red like the color of the oriole, all due to the water supply" are found in the "Shen's Agricultural Book" at the end of the Ming Dynasty: "A foot of wheat does not fear a foot of water, but a foot of wheat fears an inch of water," and in "The Art of the Great Work" at the end of the Ming Dynasty; "No wheat is planted without ash," and "Harvesting wheat is like extinguishing a fire" are found in "The Convenient Picture Compilation" at the beginning of the 16th century; "If it is not hot in June, the five grains will not mature," and "If the blanket is covered in June, there will be no rice in the fields" are found in "The Five Elements of the Agricultural Family" at the beginning of the 14th century; "If you want wheat, see three whites," and "In the first month, there are three whites, and the field god laughs proudly" are found in the "Records of the Palace and the People" of the Tang Dynasty in the early 8th century; "To know the five grains, just look at the five trees," and "Working without toil is better than doing nothing" are found in the "Qimin Yueling" in the 6th century. The folk sayings quoted in ancient books are often prefixed with "as the saying goes" or "as the ancients say," indicating that the origin of the quoted folk saying is even earlier, and it is not necessarily possible to find it in all the literature. At least, some folk sayings can be traced back thousands of years ago, such as the Zhejiang folk saying: "Under the big tree, there is no lush grass, and between the big pieces, there are no beautiful seedlings," which is also found in the "Salt and Iron Discourse" by Huan Kuang in the Western Han Dynasty (1st century BC).

18. 对比：有的把两种作物的不同生物学特性放在一起对比。例如“麦粟燥，稻要泡；麦怕浸，稻怕晒”，“红粟田三日落，回家好换锅；芝麻田三日晴，回家洗油瓶”，“稻倒一半麦倒无”，“烂冬油菜旱冬麦”等；有的把同一种作物的不同技术要求加以对比，例如“早稻搭一搭，晚稻插到塥”，“早稻水上飘，晚稻插齐腰”等；有的把不同操作技术要求加以对比，如“清水下种，浑水插秧”，“冬至前犁金，冬至后犁铁”等。

18. Comparison: Some compare the different biological characteristics of two crops. For example, "Wheat needs to be roasted, rice needs to be soaked; wheat fears immersion, rice fears the sun," "Three days after the red millet field falls, it's time to go home and change the pot; three days of sunshine in the sesame field, it's time to wash the oil bottle," "Half of the rice falls, wheat falls without a trace," "Rotten winter rapeseed in winter, dry winter wheat." Some compare the different technical requirements of the same crop, such as "Early rice is planted a bit, late rice is planted to the embankment," "Early rice floats on the water, late rice is planted to the waist." Some compare the different technical requirements of different operations, such as "Plant seeds with clear water, transplant seedlings with muddy water," "Plow with gold before the Winter Solstice, plow with iron after the Winter Solstice."

19. 秧田稗萆不働光，一亩就有半亩荒。

19. The rice fields are barren and weeds grow wild, half an acre is wasted for every one.

20. 不怕天旱，只怕锄头断。

20. We are not afraid of drought, but we fear the hoe breaking.

21. 农谚的修辞方法 农谚除了句法结构的错综复杂变化以外，就其表达内容的修辞方法来看，也是丰富多采的。农民群众知道通过各式各样的修辞方法来表达其生产技术经验，兹试举例说明如次：

21. Rhetorical Methods in Folk Sayings: Apart from the intricate and varied changes in syntactic structure, the folk sayings also display a rich and colorful array of rhetorical methods in their expression of content. The rural masses are aware that they can use various rhetorical methods to express their production and technical experience. Here are some examples to illustrate this:

22. 费洁心所收的农谚，限于他个人的条件，共只5953条。建国以后，农业出版社以吕平为主，进行了有计划的全国农谚收集工作，共得10万余条，经过归并整理分类，共得31400余条，分成《中国农谚》上下两册出版。上册是农作物部分，包括大田作物、棉麻、果蔬、蚕桑、豆类、油料直至花卉为止，据笔者统计，共约16200余条；下册为总论及畜牧、渔业、林业等部分，总论包括土、肥、种、田间管理、水利及气象等，共约15200余条。又将该书上下两册按类分别统计结果，大体上同上述费洁心的统计结果类似。但所见的规律性更为明显。即全部农谚中，以气象农谚最占多数，共得7903条，占全部的2516%。其次就是水稻，共4573条，占全部的1456%；第三是麦类，共3596条，占全部的1145%。其余的分散到各种作物上，条数有多有少，都远不及稻麦那样多。稻麦及粟黍类农谚条数的比例，很像笔者对《古今图书集成》草木典谷部文献所作统计的结果，在《集成》中，也是以稻的文献量占首位，各种麦合起来居次位，粟黍又次之，三者所占比重超过其他任何的作物。[2] 文字记载量的比重同农民口头谚语的比重如此一致，是客观事物规律的如实反映。将果树和蔬菜类供不应求也只得1571条，占全部的500%。粮食方面，像玉米和甘薯是迟至明末才引进普及的。玉米很快积累起222条，当然比重不高，仅占070%；甘薯积累起366条，占116%。自古农桑衣食并举，棉花较之蚕桑是后起的，但推广极快，积累的农谚超过了蚕桑，棉花有1243条，占395%；蚕桑只355条，占113%，蚕桑的农谚不应这样少，其原因待查。农作物和畜牧这粮畜两条腿中，畜牧部分的农谚远少于作物，只有1433条，占全部的456%，这是中国农区食物结构的特点，农区人口增长的压力使得农区拿不出更多的土地饲养家畜。在家畜的农谚中，以猪最多，猪在南方是舍饲杂食，不需草场牧地。家畜农谚一个突出之点，是对家畜的鉴别农谚较多，且很生动有据，很像汉代以来的《相马经》、《相牛经》之类，只是句子短少而已。

22. Fei Jiexin collected a total of 5,953 agricultural proverbs, limited by his personal conditions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Agricultural Publishing House, with Lü Ping as the main person in charge, carried out a planned national collection of agricultural proverbs, obtaining more than 100,000 in total. After merging, organizing, and classifying, a total of more than 31,400 were obtained and published in two volumes titled "Chinese Agricultural Proverbs." The first volume covers crops, including field crops, cotton and hemp, fruits and vegetables, silkworms and mulberry, beans, oil crops, and flowers, with a total of about 16,200 according to the author's statistics; the second volume is the general theory and parts such as animal husbandry, fishing, and forestry. The general theory includes soil, fertilizer, seeds, field management, water conservancy, and meteorology, with a total of about 15,200. The statistical results of the two volumes of the book are roughly similar to the above-mentioned statistics by Fei Jiexin. However, the regularity is more obvious. In the total number of agricultural proverbs, meteorological proverbs are the most numerous, with a total of 7,903, accounting for 2516% of the total. Next is rice, with a total of 4,573, accounting for 1456% of the total; third is wheat, with a total of 3,596, accounting for 1145% of the total. The rest are scattered among various crops, with varying numbers, all far fewer than rice and wheat. The proportion of agricultural proverbs about rice, wheat, and millet is similar to the author's statistical results of the documents in the "Comprehensive Collection of Books from Ancient to Modern Times" for the department of grasses and cereals. In the "Comprehensive Collection," the literature on rice accounts for the highest proportion, followed by various types of wheat combined, and millet comes next, with a total proportion exceeding that of any other crop. The proportion of written records is consistent with the proportion of farmers' oral proverbs, which is a reflection of the objective laws of things. The book also contains 1,571 proverbs about fruit trees and vegetables, accounting for 500% of the total. In terms of grain, corn and sweet potatoes were introduced and popularized as late as the end of the Ming Dynasty. Corn accumulated 222 proverbs, of course, with a relatively low proportion, accounting for only 070%; sweet potatoes accumulated 366 proverbs, accounting for 116%. Since ancient times, agriculture and silkworm breeding have been practiced together. Cotton, compared to silkworm breeding, is a later emergence, but it was promoted very quickly, and the accumulated proverbs exceeded those of silkworm breeding. There are 1,243 proverbs about cotton, accounting for 395%; only 355 proverbs about silkworm breeding, accounting for 113%. The reason for the relatively few proverbs about silkworm breeding should be investigated. In terms of crops and animal husbandry, the part about animal husbandry has significantly fewer proverbs than crops, with only 1,433, accounting for 456% of the total. This is a characteristic of the food structure in China's farming areas, where the pressure of population growth in farming areas has left no more land for raising livestock. Among the proverbs about livestock, pigs are the most numerous, as pigs in the south are housed and fed on a mixed diet, without the need for grazing land. A notable point about livestock proverbs is that there are many proverbs for identifying livestock, which are very vivid and supported by evidence, similar to the "Manual of Horse Selection" and "Manual of Cow Selection" since the Han Dynasty, except for shorter sentences.

23. 人缺地的工，地缺人的粮。

23. Where there is a lack of workers, there is a lack of land; where there is a lack of land, there is a lack of grain.

24. 春争日，夏争时，一年农时不宜迟。

24. In spring, compete for every day; in summer, compete for every hour; do not delay the farming schedule in a year.

25. 附注：全国农谚包括农作物、果蔬、畜牧、气象、时令等各方面，浙江农谚仅为农作物栽培方面。

25. Note: The national agricultural proverbs cover various aspects such as crops, fruits and vegetables, animal husbandry, meteorology, and seasons. The Zhejiang agricultural proverbs are only related to the cultivation of crops.

26. 下面再就农谚内容的特点试作分析，归纳为三点六性：

26. Here is an attempt to analyze the characteristics of agricultural proverbs, which can be summarized into three points and six characteristics:

27. 为了更好地总结农谚，有必要对千百年流传下来的农谚，就其句法结构和表达方法作些剖视，以便从中学习一些对发展新农谚、创造新农谚有益的经验。

27. In order to better summarize agricultural proverbs, it is necessary to take a close look at the syntactic structures and methods of expression of the agricultural proverbs that have been passed down for thousands of years, so as to learn some experiences that are beneficial for developing new agricultural proverbs and creating new ones.

28. 白菜栽根，青菜栽心。

28. Chinese cabbage is planted by roots, and leafy vegetables are planted by heart.

29. 麦盖三层被，枕着馒头睡。

29. Bed with three layers of wheat cover, sleeping with a steamed bun as a pillow.

30. 但在许多农谚里，尽管地区不同，条件不同，却都有类似的说法。如大豆的“干花湿荚，亩收石八”，南北各地都这样说；浙江农谚“割麦如救火”和华北农谚“麦收如救火”一样；“寸麦不怕尽水，尺麦但怕寸水”在浙江、苏北等地都有同样农谚：“六月不热，五谷不结”，“有钱难买大肚黄”……等等都是普遍性的农谚。其所以这样，是因为它们反映了作物的生物学特性。作物的生物学特性是它本身遗传性的表现，其所要求的环境条件、栽培原理往往是具有共同性的，还有一些基本原理相同的栽培环节如深耕、增施肥料、中耕培土等，反映在农谚上也大体一样。如华北、陕西农谚“种田不上粪，等于瞎糊混”；苏北农谚“不施粪，瞎胡混”，浙江农谚“种田无师叔，只要肥料足”；以及华北农谚“锄头有三分水”和浙江农谚“旱来锄头会生水”等等，意思都一样。

30. However, in many agricultural proverbs, although the regions and conditions are different, there are similar sayings. For example, the saying about soybeans, "dry flowers, wet pods, and a yield of eight stones per mu," is said in the north and south of the country; the Zhejiang agricultural proverb "reaping wheat is like fighting a fire" is similar to the North China agricultural proverb "reaping wheat is like fighting a fire"; the saying "an inch of wheat is not afraid of being completely submerged in water, but a foot of wheat is afraid of just an inch of water" is also found in Zhejiang, North Jiangsu, and other places: "If June is not hot, the five grains will not mature," and "money can't buy a big belly wheat" ... etc., all are general agricultural proverbs. The reason for this is that they reflect the biological characteristics of crops. The biological characteristics of crops are the manifestation of their inherent genetic nature, and the environmental conditions and cultivation principles they require are often common. There are also some basic principles of cultivation processes that are similar, such as deep plowing, increasing the application of fertilizer, and weeding and earthworm cultivation, which are roughly reflected in agricultural proverbs in the same way. For example, the North China and Shaanxi agricultural proverbs "not using manure in farming is like blundering around in the dark"; the North Jiangsu agricultural proverb "not using manure, just blundering around"; the Zhejiang agricultural proverb "farming without a teacher, just as long as the fertilizer is sufficient"; and the North China proverb "a hoe has three parts water" and the Zhejiang proverb "when drought comes, the hoe can bring water" and so on, all mean the same thing.

31. 秋禾夜雨强似粪，一场夜雨一场肥。

31. The autumn rice field rain is stronger than manure, a night's rain brings a field of fertilizer.

32. 麦黄看节，豆黄看荚。

32. When wheat turns yellow, it's time to observe the festival; when beans turn yellow, it's time to look at the pods.

33. 立了秋，那里下雨那里收。

33. Once the Autumn Equinox arrives, where it rains, there's harvest.

34. 地域性和普遍性。农谚的地域性，实际上反映了农业生产的地域性。例如不同地区作物种类不同，播种、收获季节不同等等。浙江农谚：“麦黄种麻，麻黄种麦”，陕西农谚则为“麦黄种糜，糜黄种麦”，这是作物因地域而不同。华北农谚“七金、八银、九铜、十铁”，“秋收不耕地，来年不能定主意”，这是反映北方冬季休闲、一年一熟耕作制的，在南方就不是这样，浙江农谚“草子种三年，坏田变好田”，“烂冬油菜旱冬麦”，反映浙江地区冬季不是种绿肥，就是种大小麦、油菜以及蚕豆、豌豆等，很少休闲，更没有七月八月就耕地准备过冬的。地域性差别最大的是播种期，华北种麦的适期是：“白露早，寒露迟，秋分种麦正当时”，浙江则是：“寒露早，立冬迟，霜降前后正当时”。种芝麻和小米，华北是：“小满芝麻芒种谷”，浙江则是“头伏芝麻二伏粟”。

34. Regionalism and Universality. The regionalism of agricultural proverbs actually reflects the regionalism of agricultural production. For example, different regions have different types of crops, different sowing and harvesting seasons, and so on. Zhejiang agricultural proverb: "When wheat turns yellow, plant hemp; when hemp turns yellow, plant wheat," while the Shaanxi agricultural proverb is "When wheat turns yellow, plant millet; when millet turns yellow, plant wheat," which shows the difference of crops due to regions. The North China agricultural proverb "Seven gold, eight silver, nine copper, ten iron," and "If you don't plow the fields in autumn, you can't make decisions for the next year," reflect the winter leisure and annual one-crop system in the north, which is not the case in the south. Zhejiang agricultural proverb: "Sow grass seeds for three years, and the barren land becomes fertile land," and "Wilted winter rapeseed and dry winter wheat," reflect that in Zhejiang, during the winter, either green manure is sown or wheat, rapeseed, and beans, such as soybeans and peas, are planted, with little leisure, and definitely not plowing the fields in July and August to prepare for winter. The biggest difference is in the sowing period. The suitable sowing time for wheat in North China is: "Early in the White Dew, late in the Cold Dew, sowing wheat at the equinox is just the right time," while in Zhejiang it is: "Early in the Cold Dew, late in the Winter Solstice, sowing wheat before and after the frost descent is just the right time." For sesame and millet, in North China it is: "Sow sesame in the Small Grain season, and sorghum in the Grain in Ear season," while in Zhejiang it is: "Sow sesame in the first heat, and sorghum in the second heat."

35. 会种种一丘，不会种种千丘。

35. If you can't handle one hill, how can you handle a thousand hills?

36. 春天三场雨，秋后不缺米。

36. Three spring rains, no rice shortage after autumn.

37. 立了秋，在小一齐揪。

37. With the arrival of autumn, gather closely together.

38. 边种边管，保证增产。

38. Plant and manage simultaneously to ensure increased production.

39. 不论地域性和普遍性，就其表达形式的类似来看，说明当初某条农谚可能发源于某一地区，随着传播开去，各地就按照自己地区的特点（如作物的、耕作制的、季节的、口语习惯等）予以变通，最明显的如播种期，几乎“××早，××迟，××××正当时”成为各地农谚的共同表达公式了。

39. Regardless of regionalism and universality, in terms of the similarity of their expression forms, it can be inferred that a certain agricultural proverb may have originated in a specific region. As it spread, various regions adapted it according to their own characteristics (such as crop types, agricultural systems, seasons, and spoken language habits, etc.). The most obvious example is the sowing period, where the formula of "×× early,×× late,×××× at the right time" has almost become a common expression formula for agricultural proverbs in different regions.

40. 栽秧不躲雨，打禾不歇凉。

40. Sow seeds without seeking shelter from the rain, thresh rice without taking a break from the heat.

41. 锄地不适边，荒到地中间。

41. The hoeing is not done properly at the edges, and the land becomes barren in the middle.