1. 独怜京国人南窜，不似湘江水北流。——杜审言《渡湘江》

1. Alone, I pity the people of the capital fleeing south, unlike the Xiang River flowing northward. — Du Shenyan, "Crossing the Xiang River"

2. 凌余阵兮躐余行，左骖殪兮右刃伤。——屈原《国殇》

2. Marching in line, I stumble over my steps; The left chariot crashes, the right is wounded. — Qu Yuan, "The National Sorrow"

3. 这首诗深入浅出，自然流畅，富含哲理。核心是“黑发早勤学，白首读书迟”。作为有志气的人，要注意抓紧时间读书学习修身养性，最好的读书时间是在三更五更，晨读不息；而且只有年年月月刻苦坚持，才能真正学到报国兴家立业的本领。从学习的时间这一角度立意，劝勉年轻人不要虚度光阴，要及早努力学习，免得将来后悔。诗人是从学习的意义，作用和学习应持的态度方法等角度立意，希望人们重视后天学习，以加强自身的行为修养。

3. This poem is profound yet simple, natural and smooth, and rich in philosophy. Its core is "Learn diligently while young, read late in old age." As people with ambition, one should grasp the time to read, study, cultivate one's character, and the best time for reading is during the third and fifth watches of the night, and to keep reading in the morning; and only by persistently working hard year after year can one truly acquire the skills to serve the country and establish a family. From the perspective of the time spent on learning, the poet encourages the young not to waste their time, to study diligently early on, so as not to regret in the future. The poet sets his intentions from the aspects of the significance, role, and attitude towards learning, hoping that people will pay attention to postnatal learning to strengthen their self-cultivation.

4. 四句为对偶句，“黑发”与“白首”前后呼应，互相映衬，给读者留下深刻的印象。

4. The four lines form a pair of couplets, with "black hair" and "white hair" echoing and complementing each other, leaving a deep impression on the reader.

5. 《劝学》中的“劝”起着统领全篇的作用。“劝”解释为“勉励”的意思。作者在这篇以《劝学》为的诗歌中，勉励人们要不停止地坚持学习，只有这样才能增长知识，发展才能，培养高尚的品德。

5. In the poem "Exhortation to Study", the character "劝" plays a leading role throughout the entire text. "劝" is interpreted as meaning "to encourage" or "to exhort." The author of this poem, which is titled "Exhortation to Study," encourages people to continuously persevere in their studies, as only through this can one increase one's knowledge, develop one's talents, and cultivate noble character.

6. 每天三更半夜到鸡啼叫的时候，是男孩子们读书的最好时间。

6. The best time for boys to study is during the late night hours when the rooster crows.

7. 7丈夫志四海，万里犹比邻。---曹植<赠白马王彪>

7. The husband's ambitions reach across the seas, where ten thousand miles still feel like a neighbor's house. --- Cao Zhi, "Presentation to the Marquis of Baima"

8. 黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。——颜真卿《劝学诗》

8. Young with black hair, not knowing the importance of early study; white-haired and regretting reading too late. — Quan Zhenqing, "A Poem on Encouraging Study"

9. 只解沙场为国死，何须马革裹尸还。——徐锡麟《出塞》

9. Only to die for the country on the battlefield, why should one's body be wrapped in horsehide to return? — Xu Xilin, "Crossing the Frontier"

10. 殊方日落玄猿哭，旧国霜前白雁来。——杜甫《九日五首·其一》

10. In the distant land, as the sun sets, the dark macaques wail; in the old country, before the frost, white geese arrive. — Du Fu, "Five Poems on the Ninth Day: The First"

11. “三更灯火五更鸡”是指勤劳的人、勤奋学习的学生在三更半夜时还在工作、学习，三更时灯还亮着，熄灯躺下稍稍歇息不久，五更的鸡就叫了，这些勤劳的人又得起床忙碌开了。第一句用客观现象写时间早，引出第二句学习要勤奋，要早起。第二句为第一句作补充，表达了年少学习时应该不分昼夜学习，通过努力学习才能报家报国，建功立业。

11. "The third watch with lamps burning and the fifth watch with the chickens crowing" refers to hardworking people and diligent students who are still working and studying at midnight. The lamps are still burning during the third watch, and after putting out the lights and taking a brief rest, the chickens start crowing at the fifth watch, and these hardworking people have to get up and busy themselves again. The first sentence uses an objective phenomenon to describe the early hour, leading to the second sentence which emphasizes the importance of diligence in studying and getting up early. The second sentence complements the first, expressing that during one's youth, one should study without distinguishing between day and night, and through hard work, one can contribute to the family and the country, and achieve great achievements.

12. ，字清臣，汉族，唐京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，祖籍唐琅琊临沂（今山东临沂），中国唐代书法家。 唐代中期杰出书法家。他创立的“颜体”楷书与赵孟頫、柳公权、欧阳询并称“楷书四大家”。

12. Quan Zhen, also known as Qingchen, is a Han Chinese from Tang Jingzhao Wan'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi) with ancestral origins in Tang Langya Linyi (today's Linyi, Shandong), a famous calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty. An outstanding calligrapher in the middle period of the Tang Dynasty. The regular script style he created, known as "Yan style," is ranked alongside Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan, and Ouyang Xun as the "Four Great Calligraphers of Regular Script."

13. 出不入兮往不反，平原忽兮路超远。——屈原《国殇》

13. There is no coming in or going out, no return on the journey; the plain is vast and the road stretches endlessly. — Qu Yuan, "The National Sorrow"

14. 下国卧龙空寤主，中原逐鹿不由人。——温庭筠《过五丈原》

14. In the land of lesser countries, the slumbering dragon remains unaware of the sovereign; in the Central Plains, the struggle for power is not subject to the will of man. — Wen Tingyun, "Passing by the Five-Mile Platform"

15. 释义：树立志向在于坚持,不在于锋芒毕露,成功在于长久不在于迅速。

15. Interpretation: The establishment of aspirations lies in perseverance, not in showing off, success lies in longevity, not in speed.

16. 四句写的是年轻的时候不好好学习到了年纪大了，在想要学习也晚了。句子中“黑发”，“白首”是采用借代的修辞方法，借指青年和老年。通过对比的手法，突出读书学习要趁早，不要到了老了后悔了才去学习。从结构上看，

16. The four lines are about not studying well when young and regretting it when one gets old, and the wanting to learn is too late. The phrases "black hair" and "white hair" employ the rhetorical device of metonymy, which metaphorically refers to youth and old age. Through the technique of contrast, it highlights the importance of studying and learning early on, rather than regretting and starting to learn only when one is old. From the perspective of structure,

17. 释义：在读书、学习的道路上，没有捷径可走，也没有顺风船可驶，如果你想要在广博的书山、学海中汲取更多更广的知识，“勤奋”和“刻苦”是必不可少的。

17. Interpretation: There is no shortcut to take or a favorable wind to sail on the path of reading and learning. If you wish to draw more and broader knowledge from the vast mountain of books and the boundless sea of learning, "diligence" and "industriousness" are indispensable.

18. 更：古时夜间计算时间的单位，一夜分五更，每更为两小时。午夜11点到1点为三更。

18. Geng: An ancient unit of time for counting the night, where one night is divided into five geng, with each geng lasting two hours. From 11 PM to 1 AM is the third geng.

19. 少年时只知道玩，不知道要好好学习，到老的时候才后悔自己年少时为什么不知道要勤奋学习。

19. In my youth, I only knew how to play and didn't realize the importance of studying hard. It's only when I'm old that I regret not knowing the value of diligence in my younger years.

20. 投躯报明主，身死为国殇。——鲍照《代出自蓟北门行》

20. To sacrifice oneself for a loyal sovereign, and die for the country's sorrow. —Bao Zhao, "Substitute for Walking Out of the Jili North Gate"

21. 释义：若想把千里的风光景物看够,那就要登上更高的一层城楼

21. Interpretation: If you want to see enough scenery and attractions over a thousand miles, you need to ascend to a higher level of city watchtower.

22. 诗句“三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时。”鼓励积极奋进，当我们感到疲惫或懈怠时，不妨想想这两句诗，提醒自己要继续努力，不要辜负大好时光。同时也告我们，学习是一件非常重要的事情，我们应该珍惜时间，努力学习，不要等到老了才后悔。

22. The poem "At the third watch, the lamp is still burning, and at the fifth watch, the rooster crows; this is the time for a man to study." encourages us to be proactive and ambitious. When we feel tired or lazy, we might as well think of these two lines of poetry to remind ourselves to keep striving and not to waste the precious time. It also tells us that learning is a very important matter, and we should cherish our time, study diligently, and not regret it when we are old.

23. 鼓励，指激发；勉励。也指振作精神。鼓励使人进步，打击使人落后。无论在东方还是在西方，人们都把由衷的夸奖和鼓励看作是人类心灵的甘泉。

23. Encouragement refers to激发 and motivate; it also means to invigorate one's spirit. Encouragement promotes progress, while打击 suppresses backwardness. Regardless of whether it is in the East or the West, people regard heartfelt praise and encouragement as a sweet spring for the human soul.

24. 亦作“ 鼓厉 ”：激发；勉励。

24. Also known as "鼓励": to inspire; to encourage.

25. 故垒西边，人道是，三国周郎赤壁。——苏轼《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》

25. Beside the ancient fortress to the west, people say, it was here that Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms fought at the Red Cliffs. — Su Shi's "Nian Nu Jiao: Recollection of the Red Cliffs"

26. 欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。---王之涣·《登鹳雀楼》

26. To see a thousand miles, climb one more storey. --- Wang Zhihuan, "Climbing the Crane Tower"

27. 路漫漫其修道远，吾将上下而求索。——屈原。

27. The path of cultivation is long and arduous, I will strive to seek the truth both above and below. — Qu Yuan.

28. 3学如逆水行舟,不进则退。---梁启超《莅山西票商欢迎会学说词》

28. "Learning is like rowing against the current; if one does not advance, one will fall back." --- From Liang Qichao's speech at the Welcome Meeting for Shanxi Ticket Merchants.

29. 海纳百川，有容乃大；壁立千仞，无欲则刚。——林则徐。

29. Embrace the vastness of the ocean, and only then can you be great; stand as a thousand-foot cliff, and only with no desire can you be strong. — Lin Zexu.

30. 但梦想、一枝潇洒，黄昏斜照水。——周邦彦《花犯·小石梅花》

30. But dreams, a graceful branch, twilight's slanting light on the water. — Zhou Bangyan, "Hua Fan: Xiao Shi Mei Hua"

31. 10显誉成于僚友，德行立于有志。---范晔《诫子书》

31. Ten virtues are achieved through colleagues and friends, and moral conduct is established among those with shared aspirations. — Fan Ye, "Exhortation to My Son"

32. 霾两轮兮絷四马，援玉？兮击鸣鼓。——屈原《国殇》

32. With fog wrapping two wheels and binding four horses, hold the jade? and strike the sounding drum. — Qu Yuan, "The National Mourning"

33. 秋风万里芙蓉国，暮雨千家薜荔村。——谭用之《秋宿湘江遇雨》

33. The autumn wind blows over ten thousand miles of the land of lotus flowers, evening rain falls on thousands of households in the village of banyan vines. — Tan Yongzhi, "Autumn Night at Xiangjiang River When It Rained"

34. 释义：所谓年轻力壮的时候不奋发图强，到了老年，悲伤也没用了。

34. Interpretation: It is useless to grieve when young and strong, for when one grows old, sorrow avails nothing.

35. 国亡身殒今何有，只留离骚在世间。——张耒《和端午。

35. What remains now of the nation's fall and my own demise? Only the "Liáo Sāo" (The Lament) is left in the world. — Zhang Nai, "In Response to the Dragon Boat Festival"

36. 释义：指学问、成绩等达到很高程度后继续努力，争取更大进步 。

36. Explanation: Refers to continuing to strive for greater progress after reaching a very high level in scholarship, achievements, etc.

37. 古人学问无遗力，少壮工夫老始成。——陆游《冬夜读书示子聿》

37. The ancient scholars never stop striving in their pursuit of knowledge, and their efforts in youth come to fruition only in old age. — Lu You, "Reading in the Winter Night to Zi Yu"

38. 想见读书头已白，隔溪猿哭瘴溪藤。——黄庭坚《寄黄几复》

38. Longing to see you, my hair has turned white; across the stream, monkeys cry in the miasmic vines. — Huang Tingjian, "Letter to Huang Jifu"

39. 6立志欲坚不欲锐，成功在久不在速。---张孝祥《论治体札》

39.6 One should be determined to persevere rather than to be overly aggressive; success lies in longevity rather than speed. --- Zhang Xiaoxiang, "Notes on the Theory of Governance"

40. 行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭水流。——许浑《咸阳城东楼》

40. Do not inquire about the past events of pedestrians, the Wei River flows eastward from the ancient country. — Xu Hun, "East Tower of Xianyang City"

41. 释义：有抱负的人志在四海,这样,即使相距万里,也能彼此心意相通。

41. Interpretation: Ambitious people have aspirations for the whole world. Thus, even when separated by thousands of miles, they can still communicate their hearts and minds with each other.

42. 2百尺竿头,更进一步。---释道原《景德传灯录》

42. To climb the bamboo pole to a higher level. --- From the "Record of the Transmission of the Lamp" by Dao Yuan

43. “臣惟亲列行伍，鼓厉官兵，水陆督战。” 清黄六鸿《福惠全书·钱谷·户头总催说》：“分别奖赏，以鼓励其馀。”梁启超《论湖南应办之事》：“乃从而摩激其热力，鼓厉其忠愤。”姚雪垠《李自成》第一卷第九章：“ 万人敌 受此鼓励，倍加勇猛。”

43. "I, the servant, personally lead the ranks, encourage the officers and soldiers, and supervise battles on land and water." Qing Huang Liuhong, "The Complete Collection of Fu Hui: Cai Gu (Money and Grain) - Hu Tou Zong Cai Shuo": "Distinguish between rewards and punishments to encourage the rest." Liang Qichao, "On the Matters That Hunan Should Address": "Then, I stimulate their enthusiasm and encourage their patriotism and indignation." Yao Xuejin, "The First Volume, Chapter 9 of Li Zicheng": "The 10,000 enemy-defeating force received this encouragement and became even more brave."

44. 释义：意指顶着水流行船。比喻不努力向前进就要往后退，也比喻做事有阻力，必须努力从事。

44. Interpretation: Refers to sailing a boat against the current. Metaphorically, it means that if one does not strive forward, one will regress backward. It also比喻ically means that when doing something, there is resistance, and one must strive hard to accomplish it.

45. 感此怀故人，中宵劳梦想。——孟浩然《夏日南亭怀辛大》

45. Moved by this, I think of my old friend, and in the middle of the night, I am weary with dreaming. — Meng Haoran, "Thinking of Xin Da at the South Pavilion in Summer"

46. 杀人亦有限，列国自有疆。——杜甫《前出塞九首·其六》

46. There is a limit to murder; states have their own boundaries. — Du Fu, "Nine Poems of Advance Before the Frontier·The Sixth"

47. 4少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。---《乐府诗集·长歌行》

47. "If you do not strive while young, you will only regret it when old." --- From the Collection of Songs of the Lefu School, "Long Song"

48. 千年史册耻无名，一片丹心报天子。——陆游《金错刀行》

48. The annals of a thousand years are ashamed of being nameless, a piece of pure heart dedicates itself to the emperor. — Lu You, "Jin Cuo Dao Xing"

49. 5书山有路勤为径 学海无涯苦作舟。---韩愈《古今贤文·劝学篇》

49. There is a path to the mountain of books through diligence, and the sea of learning has no end, making hardship the boat. --- Han Yu, "Ancient and Modern Worthy Sayings · Exhortation to Study"

50. 释义：显赫声誉成就于同僚朋友之中,道德品行确立在自己的志向里。

50. Interpretation: Acquire a distinguished reputation among colleagues and friends, and establish your moral conduct in the pursuit of your aspirations.

51. 诚既勇兮又以武，终刚强兮不可凌。——屈原《国殇》

51. With bravery and martial prowess, he remains firm and strong, never to be overpowered. — Qu Yuan, "The National Mourning"

52. 愿得此身长报国，何须生入玉门关。——戴叔伦《塞上曲二首》

52. May this body long serve my country, why should I need to enter the Jade Gate Pass alive? — Dai Shulun, "Two Songs on the Frontier"

53. 身报国有万死，双鬓向人无再青。——陆游《夜泊水村》

53. For my country, I am willing to die a thousand deaths; my hair, now graying, can never return to its youthful black. — Lu You, "Evening Mooring at a Village by the River"

54. 国破山河在，城春草木深。——杜甫《春望》?>

54. The country may be broken, but the mountains and rivers remain; in the city spring brings deep greenery and lush vegetation. — Du Fu, "Spring View"