1. 我的那些最重要的发现是受到失败的启发而获得的。——戴维 （英国）20我坚持奋战五十余年，致力于科学的发展。

1. My most important discoveries were inspired by failure. — David (British) I have persevered in my struggle for over fifty years, dedicated to the development of science.

2. 多样化会使人观点新鲜，而过于长时间钻研一个狭窄的领域，则易使人愚蠢。 ---- 贝弗里奇13我之所以能在科学上成功，最重要的一点就是对科学的热爱，坚持长期探索。

2. Diversity keeps one's perspectives fresh, whereas overlong focus on a narrow field can make one foolish. ---- Beveridge 13 The most important factor for my success in science is my love for it, and my persistence in long-term exploration.

3. 引申式。结尾或展开联想，由此及彼，由表及里，深化主题；或总结提高，使主题得到升华。如《高大的皂荚树》的结尾：“想着，想着，我的心里，好像有一颗种子在生根、发芽……”

3. Derivative. The conclusion or association extends, from this to that, from the surface to the essence, deepening the theme; or summarizing and enhancing, elevating the theme. For example, the conclusion of "The Tall Honey Locust Tree" reads: "Thinking, thinking, in my heart, it's as if there's a seed taking root and sprouting..."

4. 考试写作文要注意的事项

5. 审题是作文过程的第一步，这一步工作的好坏，将决定全篇内容是否符合要求，决定构思能否按正确方向展开。失之毫厘，谬以千里，作文由于审题不清而造成文不对题的情况很常见 可以说是屡见不鲜

4. Points to Pay Attention to When Writing an Essay for Exams 5. The first step in the essay writing process is to review the topic. The quality of this step will determine whether the entire content meets the requirements and whether the composition can develop in the correct direction. A small error can lead to a significant deviation. It is quite common for essays to be off-topic due to unclear topic review, and it can be said that such cases are not uncommon.

6. 拟人手法赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作，使物人格化，从而达到形象生动的效果。 （

6. Personification is a literary technique that assigns human characteristics, thoughts, emotions, and actions to inanimate objects, thus personifying them and achieving a vivid and lively effect.

7. 走在温暖的时光里，我的身上淋浴着岁月的温度；亲爱的岁月，好想给你写一封情书，让你知道我是多么的爱你，爱你的无情，也爱你的多情。

7. Walking in the warm moments, my body is bathed in the temperature of the years; my dear years, I wish to write you a love letter, to let you know how deeply I love you, loving your indifference as well as your sentimentality.

8. 总提、总领全文、开启下文（引出下文）等作用 在文章中间：（

8. The overall summary, overall leadership of the entire text, and opening the following text (introducing the following text) and other functions in the middle of the article:

9. 我却这样认为：我好像是在海上玩耍，时而发现了一个光滑的石子儿，时而发现一个美丽的贝壳而为之高兴的孩子。尽管如此，那真理的海洋还神秘地展现在我们面前。

9. I believe it like this: I seem to be a child playing at sea, sometimes finding a smooth pebble, sometimes a beautiful shell that brings me joy. Nevertheless, the ocean of truth still unfolds its mysterious presence before us.

10. 当然也可以灵活采用夹叙夹议的手法。但是注意，千万别议论文说了那么多事例却不归纳主题，记叙文忘记说事却议论过多。

10. Of course, it is also possible to adopt a flexible approach of combining narrative and argumentation. However, be careful not to let your argumentative essay end up with many examples but without summarizing the main theme, or for your narrative to forget to narrate the story while over-commentating.

11. 世界著名传染病学家巴斯德的座右铭——意志、工作、等待，是成功的金字塔的基石。 近代电磁学的奠基者法拉第的座右铭——拼命去争取成功，但不要期望一定会成功。

11. The motto of the world-renowned epidemiologist Pasteur — willpower, work, patience — is the foundation of the pyramid of success. The motto of the founder of modern electromagnetism, Faraday — strive hard for success, but do not expect to be successful all the time.

12. 开头结尾要简练，最好首尾两行半 除了忌八九行的行文外，“大头作文”也要不得。建议考生在写作文的时候，开头结尾占两行半，顶多不能超过三行半。

12. The beginning and end should be concise, ideally occupying half of the first and last two lines. In addition to avoiding the writing style of the "big head composition," one should also avoid overly long compositions. It is recommended that candidates allocate half of the first and last two lines for the beginning and end of their essays, and they should not exceed three and a half lines in total.

13. ——帕斯卡（法国）33谬误的好处是一时的，真理的好处是永久的；真理有弊病时，这些弊病是很快就会消灭的，而谬误的弊病则与谬误始终相随。——狄德罗（法国）34探索真理比占有真理更为可贵。

13. —— Pascal (France) 33: The benefits of error are momentary, while the benefits of truth are permanent; when truth has its faults, these are quickly eliminated, but the faults of error are always accompanying it. —— Diderot (France) 34: Seeking the truth is more valuable than possessing the truth.

14. 考试作文的开头方法很多：六要素开头法、题记开头法、悬念开头法、引名句开头法、排比句开头法、拟人式开头法、设问式开头法、对偶式开头法、博喻加对仗开头法、合用修辞开头法、巧述典故开头法、解题式开头法、名人问答开头法、诗文引用开头法。至少，你看到作文的时候，脑子里会闪现出上述前七八个开头方法。

14. There are many ways to start an essay for an exam: the six-element opening method, the epigraph opening method, the suspense opening method, the famous quote opening method, the parallel sentence opening method, the personification opening method, the questioning opening method, the antithetical opening method, the alliteration and antithesis opening method, the combined rhetorical opening method, the allusion storytelling opening method, the problem-solving opening method, the famous person Q&A opening method, and the poem quotation opening method. At least, when you see an essay, the first few of the above opening methods will flash in your mind.

15. 科学是没有国界的，因为它是属于全人类的财富，是照亮世界的火把；但学者属于祖国。

15. Science has no borders, for it belongs to the wealth of all humanity, a torch that illuminates the world; but scholars belong to their motherland.

16. 门捷列夫 科学，给青年以养料，给老人以慰藉；她让幸福的生活锦上添花，她在不幸的时刻保护着你。 罗蒙诺索夫 青年的敏感和独创精神，一经与成熟的科学家丰富的知识和经验相结合，就能相。

16. Mendeleev: Science nourishes the youth and comforts the elderly; she adorns the happy life and protects you in moments of misfortune. Lomonosov: The sensitivity and originality of the youth, when combined with the rich knowledge and experience of mature scientists, can achieve great things.

17. 追求花样弄巧成拙。写得很好，表达思想感情不明白，不清楚，不真实。

17. Pursuit of fancy results in clumsy attempts. It's well-written, but the expression of thoughts and emotions is unclear, vague, and lacks authenticity.

18. 科学虽没有国界，但是学者却有他自己的国家。——巴斯德

18. While science has no boundaries, scholars have their own countries. - Pasteur

19. 时间过的太快，没有多余的空隙让我们感慨。

19. Time flies by so quickly that there's no room for us to feel nostalgic.

20. 母亲既没有肯定什么人，同样也没有否定什么人。她只是用一双母亲特有的慈爱之手抚摸着我说：“一个人，在战场上可以胜许多人，可是，在生活中，战胜自己的人是真正伟大的。”

20. The mother neither confirmed nor denied anyone. She simply used a pair of the motherly, loving hands to stroke me and say, "A person may defeat many on the battlefield, but it is the one who conquers oneself in life who is truly great."

21. 结尾也很重要。一般来说，结尾是总结全文。如果是记叙文，要注意抒情。如果是议论文，则要注意归纳。无论如何，最好要扣准标题。怎么扣呢？如果你实在拿不准，就在结尾段的第一句，把题目说一下，然后归纳全文观点就是了。

21. The conclusion is also very important. Generally speaking, the conclusion should summarize the entire text. If it is a narrative piece, attention should be paid to expressing emotions. If it is an argumentative essay, then attention should be given to summarizing. In any case, it is best to stay on topic. How to do this? If you are really unsure, just mention the title in the first sentence of the concluding paragraph, and then summarize the main points of the entire text.

22. 反复：强调某种意思，强烈抒情，富有感染力。有强调语气，强化内容的作用 （

22. Repetition: Emphasizes a certain meaning, strong in lyrical expression, and highly infectious. It has the effect of emphasizing tone and reinforcing content.

23. ---- 达尔文14一个研究人员可以居陋巷，吃粗饭，穿破衣，可以得不到社会的承认。但是只要他有时间，他就可以坚持致力于科学研究。

23. ---- Darwin14 A researcher can live in humble quarters, eat simple food, and wear tattered clothes, and may not gain social recognition. However, as long as he has time, he can persist in his dedication to scientific research.

24. 动笔之前不要慌，想了题目列提纲 在具体操作的时候，列提纲很关键。譬如，写记叙文要设计好开头结尾，同时要把你叙述的事情分成几个层次，一个层次是一段，中间如果能设置好一个过渡句或过渡段更好。

24. Don't rush to write before you start. Think about the title and make an outline. It is very crucial to make an outline during the specific operation. For instance, when writing a narrative essay, you should design a good beginning and ending, and at the same time, divide the events you are narrating into several levels, with each level being a paragraph. It's even better if you can set up a transitional sentence or paragraph in the middle.

25. 描写的种类及作用？ 了解描写的几种形式（

25. Types of description and their functions? Understand the various forms of description (

26. ---华罗庚（中国） 11一个科学家应该考虑到后世的评论，不必考虑当时的辱骂或称赞。---巴斯德 （法国） 12我们在享受着他人的发明给我们带来的巨大益处，我们也必须乐于用自己的发明去为他人服务。

26. ---Hua Luogeng (China) 11 A scientist should take into consideration the comments of future generations, without needing to consider the curses or praise of the present. ---Pasteur (France) 12 We are benefiting greatly from the inventions of others, and we must also be willing to use our own inventions to serve others.

27. 如《暑假里的一天》，题眼是“暑假里”，限制了所写事件的大的时间范围。

27. For example, in "One Day in the Summer Vacation," the key topic is "summer vacation," which limits the broad time frame of the events described.

28. 有关科学道理的名言名句

29. 科学尊重事实，服从真理，而不会屈服于任何压力。——童第周

28. Famous Sayings and Proverbs About the Scientific Principle 29. Science respects facts, submits to truth, and will not yield to any pressure. — Tong Dizhou

30. 参见上例，结合我们平时的语感可珐乏粹何诔蛊达坍惮开知：成功的对话描写，不仅符合人物的身份、年龄、性别、职业抑或籍贯、修养等特点，而且能反映出人物的思想感情，表现人物的性格特征。 在写几个人的交谈时，人物语言最好是与表情、动作结合，尽量简洁，避免有话必录和拖泥带水的现象，坚决去掉那些无用的话。

30. See the example above, and combine it with our everyday sense of language to understand: Successful dialogue descriptions not only conform to the characters' identities, ages, genders, professions, or backgrounds, etc., but also reflect their thoughts and emotions, and express their personality characteristics. When writing the conversation between several people, it is best to combine the characters' language with their expressions and actions, aiming for simplicity and avoiding the phenomena of recording everything said and being overly wordy. It is essential to坚决 remove any unnecessary words.

31. 目光呆滞地盯着笔尖在试卷上无法行走；思维像冻结的冷水无法运行。看着空白的试卷，我也无能为力。

31. Staring blankly at the pen tip that could not move across the exam paper; the mind was as motionless as frozen cold water, unable to function. Looking at the blank exam paper, I was also at a loss for what to do.

32. 考试前一天要记得好好睡一觉，保持好的精神。

32. Remember to have a good night's sleep the day before the exam to maintain your spirits.

33. 转眼间，一年的悠悠岁月已如同手中紧抓的沙子，无声无息的流失。然而，沙子流失，可以再抓一把；花儿凋零，可以等到来年春天重绽芳颜；童年流逝，却永远无法回头再来。

33. In a blink of an eye, the long, leisurely days of a year have slipped away like sand in the palm of one's hand, silently and without a trace. However, sand can be gathered again; flowers can wait for their bloom to reappear in the spring of the following year; but the passage of childhood can never be reversed.

34. 描写时间飞逝的词语

34. Words describing the swift passage of time

35. 品味题目可以从—— A内容上 B主题上 C线索 D设置悬念上等方面进行品味。 示例：（

35. The appreciation of a question can be done from various aspects such as — A content, B theme, C clues, and D setting suspense. Example: (The translation is incomplete and the example is cut off.)

36. 小学和初中作文考试，就按记叙文准备。开头结尾要准备好几套方法，什么类型用什么开头，你用什么方法比较拿手，考试前一两天，尤其是头天晚上，默记一下。准备结尾，要背好一两个结尾的语言类型，可以有排比、比喻或者反问。实在不行，就用做梦式结尾法。

36. For primary and junior high school composition exams, prepare for narrative essays. Have several sets of methods ready for the beginning and end, such as what type of opening to use, and what method you are most skilled at. A couple of days before the exam, especially the night before,默记下来. Prepare for the ending by memorizing one or two types of concluding language, which can include parallelism, metaphor, or rhetorical questions. If all else fails, you can resort to a dream-like ending method.

37. 我要战胜自己！为了这一群快乐的鸟儿们！为了我眼前那无限的大自然的美！ 当我参加了爱鸟知识考试之后，我又来到这里，远望那夕阳之景，那大雁依旧是那样冲向光。

37. I will conquer myself! For the sake of these happy birds! For the infinite beauty of nature before my eyes! After participating in the bird-lover's knowledge exam, I came here again, looking far into the sunset, and the geese still charge towards the light.

38. 记住，考作文考的是内容，而不是书法，切忌字迹潦草。 技巧

38. Remember, the essay exam tests content, not calligraphy; avoid scribbly handwriting at all costs. Skills

39. ——茅以升（中国）22运动是一切生命的源泉。——达芬奇（意大利）23科学的基础是健康的身体。

39. —— Mao Yisheng (China) The 22nd Movement is the source of all life. —— Leonardo da Vinci (Italy) The foundation of science is a healthy body.

40. 明天，只有一个明天，我，也只有一个我，是参加作文竞赛还是爱鸟知识考试，我无法回答自己，也无法战胜自己。走着走着，前些天同学小对我说过的话又回绕在耳边：“你啊，真是的，有什么好犹豫，当然是参加作文考试喽！你也不想一想，这可是学科比赛的选拔考试，说不定还可以加分呢！那个鸟比赛算什么！何况，你不去，老师可伤心呢！”“可是，我……”我无言以对，小正忙着，跑开了，我呆立着，怎么办呢！好久，好久，我真想哭。

40. Tomorrow, there is only one tomorrow, and I, there is only one me, whether to participate in the essay competition or the bird knowledge exam, I cannot answer myself, nor can I conquer myself. As I walked along, the words a classmate said to me a few days ago kept echoing in my ears: "You, really, what's there to hesitate about? Of course, you should take the essay exam! Don't you think about it, this is a selection exam for the subject competition, you might even get extra points! What's that bird competition? Moreover, if you don't go, the teacher will be so sad!" "But, I..." I had no words to respond, the little one was busy and ran away, and I stood there dumbfounded, what should I do? For a long time, for a long time, I really wanted to cry.

41. 既然时间给予人金子般的年华，人就应该让时间金子般的闪光。

41. Since time grants people golden years like precious gold, people should let the time sparkle like golden light.

42. 如：《我最喜欢的一个人》，题眼是“喜欢”。

42. For example: "The Person I Like the Most," with the keyword being "like."

43. 照应式。结尾或点题，与文题遥相呼应；或与开头相照应，收拢全文。如《颐和园》的结尾是：“颐和园的景色可真美啊！”与开头：“北京的颐和园是个美丽的大公园”首尾照应，有力地突出了中心。

43. Corresponding. The ending or the key point corresponds to the title, echoing it from a distance; or it corresponds to the beginning, wrapping up the entire text. For example, the ending of "The Summer Palace" is: "The scenery of the Summer Palace is truly beautiful!" It corresponds to the beginning: "The Summer Palace in Beijing is a beautiful large park," and the beginning and ending echo each other, effectively highlighting the central theme.

44. 材料组织特点？ 紧紧围绕中心选取典型事件，剪裁得体，详略得当。

44. Characteristics of material organization? Select typical events closely around the center, with appropriate editing and a well-balanced degree of detail.

45. 那一天中午，老师又把我叫到办公室，我见她一个劲地翻查作文资料，买来的午饭搁在一边，平日的药瓶也散在一旁。……想到了这些，我的内心便又觉得一阵辛酸，让老师伤心，对我来说，同样是多么悲痛和多么不愿意的啊！ 或许，母亲的话是对的吧！漫步在街头的我又回想起昨夜母亲与我的长谈。

45. That day at noon, the teacher called me to her office again, and I saw her frantically flipping through writing materials, the bought lunch placed aside, and the usual medicine bottles scattered around。……Thinking of these things, my heart felt a wave of sadness. It is just as painful and unwilling for me to see the teacher upset as it is for her to be hurt! Perhaps, my mother's words were right! As I strolled on the street, I remembered our long talk last night with my mother.

46. 8女生不要为了避开经期而服用什么药 这些药大多有副作用的 如果肚子疼可以买那种贴到肚子上的膏药 如果有预感要来 先做好防范措施 要知道高考不可以出去上厕所 除非你提前交卷

46. 8 girls should not take any medicine to avoid their menstrual period, as most of these drugs have side effects. If you have stomach pain, you can buy a plaster that you can stick on your stomach. If you have a premonition that it's about to come, take preventive measures first. You should know that you cannot go to the toilet during the college entrance examination unless you hand in your paper early.

47. 修辞方法及作用 （

47. Rhetorical Methods and Their Functions

48. 了解人称的作用。 第一人称：亲切，自然，真实，适于心理描写，便于刻画人物形象及性格特征。 第二人称：便于情感交流。 第三人称：显得客观，不受时空限制，便于叙事和议论

48. Understand the role of personal pronouns. First person: intimate, natural, authentic, suitable for psychological descriptions, facilitates the portrayal of character images and personality traits. Second person: convenient for emotional communication. Third person: appears objective,不受时空限制，facilitates storytelling and argumentation.

49. 一旦给阅卷老师视觉上的疲劳，影响他的心理，分数就受影响。 技巧

49. Once the grader experiences visual fatigue, it affects their psychology, and as a result, the scores are affected. Technique

50. 写记叙文，要想好叙事的层次，按时间或者按地点，或者按故事发生的节奏，一个层次一段。注意，假如某一段需要详细些，文字比较多，注意分段，死拉硬拽也要分段，不要一段超过七八行。如果写议论文，开头论点提出后，接下来的每段都是论证过程，一个论据就是一段。结尾可变相重复论点，稍微抒情。

50. When writing a narrative essay, think about the levels of narration, which can be organized by time, place, or the pace of the story, with each level covering one paragraph. Note that if a paragraph requires more detail and has a lot of text, pay attention to breaking it up. Even if you have to force it, make sure not to exceed seven or eight lines in a single paragraph. If writing a persuasive essay, after the thesis statement is proposed at the beginning, each subsequent paragraph should be a part of the argumentation process, with each piece of evidence being a separate paragraph. For the conclusion, you can subtly repeat the thesis and add a touch of sentimentality.