1. 交人交心，浇花浇根。

1. Make friends with people by sharing your heart, water flowers at their roots.

2. 曹操吃鸡肋 － <食之无味，弃之可惜>

2. Cao Cao eats chicken ribs - <Not tasty enough to eat, but too valuable to discard>

3. 人心齐，泰山移。人多计谋广，柴多火焰高。

3. When hearts are united, even Mount Tai can be moved. The more people, the broader the plans; the more wood, the higher the flames.

4. 一个巴掌打不响 -- <孤掌难鸣>；

4. One cannot make a sound with one hand -- ;

5. ⑦鲁班门前弄大斧← →班门弄斧

5. ⑦ In front of Lu Ban's door, playing with a big axe ← → Playing the axe at the door of the master craftsman.

6. 俗语，也称常言，俗话，这三者应该是同义词。俗语一词，已经普遍用作语言学的术语；常言一词，带有文言的色彩；俗话一词，则有口语的气息。

6. Idioms, also known as common sayings or proverbs, are synonyms of each other. The term "idiom" has been widely used as a term in linguistics; the term "common saying" has a classical literary flavor; while the term "proverb" has an oral feel to it.

7. 歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分构成，前半截是形象的比喻，象谜面，后半截是解释、说明，象谜底，十分自然贴切。

7. The pun is a special language form created by the masses of people in their practical life experiences. It usually consists of two parts: the first part is an imaginative metaphor, like a riddle's front part, and the second part is the explanation and clarification, like the riddle's answer, which is very natural and fitting.

8. ⑨怕噎了嗓子不吃饭← →因噎废食

8. ⑨ Fear of choking and not eating ← → Waste food because of a choke

9. ◆山是一步一步登上来的，船是一橹一橹摇出去的。

9.◆ The mountain was climbed step by step, and the boat was rowed out stroke by stroke.

10. 谚语是在人民群众中广泛流传的固定语句，是人民群众在长期生活实践中总结出来的经验和教训的结晶。谚语虽然简单通俗，但反映的道理却非常深刻。

10. Proverbs are fixed expressions widely spread among the people, which are the crystallization of experiences and lessons summed up by the people through long-term practical life. Although proverbs are simple and popular, they reflect very profound truths.

11. 无理心慌，有理胆壮。

11. In the face of the unreasonable, one's heart races; when faced with the reasonable, one's courage swells.

12. 久晴大雾阴，久雨大雾晴。

12. Long sunshine leads to thick fog and heavy rain brings clear skies.

13. 井越掏，水越清；事越摆，理越明。

13. The deeper you dig the well, the clearer the water; the more you lay out the issues, the clearer the principles.

14. 水深难见底，虎死不倒威。

14. The water is too deep to see the bottom, even a tiger lying dead still retains its might.

15. 志高品高，志下品下。

15. High aspiration leads to high character, while low aspiration leads to low character.

16. ⑧没喝过墨水← →胸无点墨

16. ⑧ Not having drunk ink ← → Being illiterate

17. 多个朋友多条路，多个冤家多堵墙。

17. The more friends you have, the more paths you'll find; the more enemies you have, the more walls you'll face.

18. 阴雨亮一亮，还要下一丈。

18. If it rains and then clears up, it will rain another ten feet.

19. ①黄鼠狼看鸡，越看越稀（前为形象，后为解释，经验之谈→谚语）

19. ①The weasel watches the chicken, and the more it watches, the rarer it becomes (the first part is a metaphor, the second part is an explanation, an experience-based saying → a proverb)

20. 有的文章中偶尔也把俗语称作成语。俗语和成语都是汉语中的约定俗成的语言形式，二者关系密切。“约定俗成”这一成语，就包含着俗、成二字。但从学习的角度来看，它们还是各有特点的。试比较下列例句：

20. Sometimes, some articles also refer to proverbs as idioms. Both proverbs and idioms are conventional language forms in Chinese, and they are closely related. The idiom "conventionally established" itself contains the characters for "common" and "established." However, from the perspective of learning, they each have their own characteristics. Let's compare the following examples:

21. 不怕学问浅，就怕志气短。

21. It's not that I fear my knowledge is shallow, but that I fear my ambition is short.

22. 宁可身骨苦，不叫面皮羞。

22. It's better to suffer physically than to have a moment of shame.

23. 西太后饮了三钱萝卜籽的药汤，当夜通了大便，第二天一早就起来了。她第一件事就是感谢神医曹沧洲，见面后恩赐曹沧洲九品顶戴，还要他骑马巡游京城，曹沧洲得了皇封，回乡时人未到家，地方官已经替他造好了三进房子。从此后，他在家专门为地方上乡亲看病，不但施诊，还要送药。逢人就劝人多吃萝卜，日子久了，苏州便有了"早吃生姜晚吃萝卜，郎中先生急得哭"的谚语了。

23. The Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi drank a medicine decoction made from three ounces of radish seeds, and she had a bowel movement that night. She got up early the next morning. The first thing she did was to thank the famous physician, Cao Canzhou, for his help. After meeting him, she bestowed upon Cao Canzhou the rank of the Ninth Level and ordered him to ride around the capital city on horseback. Upon receiving the imperial seal, Cao Canzhou returned to his hometown, and before he even arrived at his house, local officials had already built a three-storey house for him. From then on, he dedicated himself to treating the local villagers, not only providing medical consultations but also supplying medicine. He would advise everyone to eat more radishes. After a while, Suzhou had the saying, "Eat ginger in the morning and radishes at night, and the doctor will be so busy he'll cry."

24. 口说不如身到，耳闻不如目睹。

24. It's better to see for yourself than to hear about it; better to hear about it than to read about it.

25. 好汉不吃闷头亏，好鸟不钻刺笆林。

25. A brave man does not suffer silently; a good bird does not peck at thorny bamboo forests.

26. 据观测，在我国许多地方。如见蜘蛛张网，阴雨天气将会转晴。如见蜘蛛收网，天气将转为阴雨。

26. Observation shows that in many places in our country, if a spider is seen spinning its web, it will indicate that the rainy and cloudy weather will turn sunny. Conversely, if a spider is seen retracting its web, it means the weather will turn into a rainy and cloudy one.

27. 还有，谚语为人们对生产,生活中长期积累的经验进行描述的简练语言，这个就是它的来源。。

27. Moreover, proverbs are concise language that describes the long-accumulated experience of people in production and life; this is its origin.

28. 只要自己上进，不怕人家看轻。

28. As long as you strive for self-improvement, don't be afraid of others looking down upon you.

29. ⑩什么病吃什么药← →对症下药

29. What illness calls for what medicine ← → Administering medicine according to symptoms

30. 曹沧洲未用上好良药，单开了一味草头药，只写了五个大字：萝卜籽三钱。看得众御医当场发呆，个个舌头伸多长的，认为这个乡下郎中是进京来送死了。他们都懂药性，萝卜籽是括油的，西太后一向要滋补身体，这药分明不合西太后的心意，但是曹沧洲亲手撮药，亲手煎药，亲手送药到西太后的卧室前，等候她喝下去以后，这才回到住所休息。

30. Cao Changzhou did not use high-quality medicine, but only prescribed a single herb, writing only five big characters: "Three qian of radish seeds." The attending physicians were all dumbfounded at the scene, each with their tongue sticking out so long, thinking that this country doctor had come to Beijing to die. They all understood the properties of the medicine; radish seeds are used for removing oil, and the Empress Dowager Cixi always needed to nourish her body. This medicine clearly did not cater to the Empress Dowager's tastes, but Cao Changzhou personally prepared the medicine, personally decocted it, and personally delivered it to the Empress Dowager's bedroom, waiting until she drank it before returning to his accommodation to rest.

31. ◆不当家，不知柴米贵；不生子，不知父母恩。

31. ◆Not being the head of the household, one does not know the value of firewood and rice; not having children, one does not understand the love of one's parents.

32. 湖里游着大鲤鱼，不如桌上小鲫鱼。

32. The big carps swimming in the lake are not as good as the small crucian carp on the table.

33. 冷水发面 － <没多大长劲>

33. Cold Water Noodles - <Not very energetic>

34. ①板凳没焐热← →席不暇暖

34. ①The bench hasn't been warmed up yet ← → There's no time to sit down comfortably

35. 俗语是口语型的，成语是书面语型的。这些语例，兼有俗语和成语的某些特点，看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录，好在这种情况并不算多。

35. Proverbs are colloquial, while idioms are written in formal language. These examples have certain characteristics of both proverbs and idioms, so it seems that both the dictionary of proverbs and the dictionary of idioms could include them. Fortunately, such cases are not numerous.

36. 俚语，这个术语有时跟俗语相混，俚俗并称。这个“俚”，跟“乡里”之“里”有关，望文生义，也就是里人（乡下人）的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混，而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语，不如就借用“俚语”一词，来专指这些描述性的俗语。

36. Colloquialisms, this term is sometimes confused with slang, and they are often referred to together. The character "俚" in "俚语" is related to the character "里" in "乡里", and by the literal meaning, it refers to the people of the countryside. Colloquialisms often refer to local dialects with regional characteristics. Since it is sometimes mixed with slang, and the term "idioms" actually often refers to colloquialisms, it is better to borrow the term "colloquialisms" to specifically refer to these descriptive slang expressions.

37. 在一般的语言中。通常只要说出前半截，"歇"去后半截，就可以领会和猜出它的本意，所以称它为歇后语。

37. In general language, it is usually sufficient to say the first half, "suspended" the second half, and one can understand and guess its original meaning, hence it is called a "half-paused saying."

38. 歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色，浓郁的生活气息，幽默风趣，耐人寻味，为广大群众所喜闻乐见。

38. The idiom has distinct national characteristics, rich life essence, humor and wit, and is thought-provoking, which is favored by the masses.

39. 另据研究，蜘蛛的腿能感知20—50赫频率的声音，当天气转晴时昆虫易活动，飞行时发出的嗡嗡声，蜘蛛蛛很快就会发觉，所以便添丝织网，准备捕捉。这正是民间用“蜘蛛挂网，久雨必晴”谚语来观测天气晴雨的道理。

39. According to further research, the legs of spiders can perceive sounds of frequencies between 20 to 50 Hz. When the weather clears up, insects become more active and emit buzzing sounds as they fly. Spiders can quickly detect these sounds, so they spin silk to weave a web, preparing to catch them. This is the rationale behind the folk proverb "When the spider hangs its web, heavy rain will definitely clear up," which is used to observe the weather's change from rain to sunshine.

40. ②三天打鱼，两天晒网（形象，八个字，成语→俗语）

40. ② Fish for three days, dry the net for two days (figurative, eight characters, idiom → colloquialism)

41. 愿为众人死，不为一人亡。

41. Would rather die for all than perish for one.

42. 一正辟三邪，人正辟百邪。

42. One true path repels three false paths; a person with integrity repels a hundred false influences.

43. 三天不念口生，三年不做手生。

43. If you don't recite for three days, you'll forget the words; if you don't practice for three years, you'll lose your skill.

44. 最早出现"歇后"这一名称的是在唐代。《旧唐书。郑綮列传》中就已提到过有所谓"郑五歇后体"（一种"歇后"体诗）。但它作为一种语言形式和语言表现，远在先秦时期就已出现了。如《战国策。楚策四》："亡羊而补牢，未为迟也。"意思是说，失了羊再去修补羊圈，还不算太晚。这是我们今天所看到的最早的歇后语。

44. The earliest mention of the term "歇后" was during the Tang Dynasty. The "Old Book of Tang. Biography of Zheng Qi" already mentioned a so-called "Zheng Wu Xiehou style" (a type of "Xiehou" poem). However, as a form of language and language expression, it had already appeared as early as the Warring States period. For example, in "The Strategies of the Warring States. The Strategies of Chu, Volume Four": "It is not too late to mend the sheep pen after the sheep are lost." This means that it is not too late to repair the sheep pen after the sheep are lost. This is the earliest "Xiehou" idiom that we see today.

45. 歇后语良莠不齐，有些歇后语内容和形象，均不见佳，有一部分，甚至是语言垃圾，不宜滥用。有些常用的歇后语，形象较好，前后结合得比较紧密，已经跟谚语、描述性的俗语（俚语）近似。如：

45. The riddles are uneven in quality; some of them have both poor content and imagery, and some are even language waste, which is not suitable for excessive use. Some commonly used riddles have better imagery and a closer connection between the front and back parts, and are nearly similar to proverbs or descriptive colloquialisms (slang). For example:

46. 胆大骑龙骑虎，胆小骑猫骑兔。

46. The brave ride dragons and tigers, while the fearful ride cats and rabbits.

47. 雷公先唱歌，有雨也不多。

47. Thunder god sings first, and there won't be much rain.

48. 不图便宜不上当，贪图便宜吃大亏。

48. Don't be deceived by cheap deals; seeking cheapness can lead to big losses.

49. 挂羊头，卖狗肉。

49. Sell dog meat under the guise of selling mutton.

50. 人是实的好，姜是老的辣。

50. People are inherently good, while ginger becomes spicier with age.

51. 以上三组，严格地说，甲为格言，乙为谚语。但是，由于人们教育水准的提高，这些带有文言色彩的格言也进入了口语。我们只能尽可能地加以区分，而不得不承认，实际上存在一些交错现象

51. To be strict, among the above three groups, A is a maxim, and B is a proverb. However, due to the improvement of people's educational level, these maxims with classical Chinese characteristics have also entered the spoken language. We can only distinguish them as best as we can, while having to admit that there are actually some overlapping phenomena in practice.

52. 好汉不提当年勇。

52. A hero does not boast about his past bravery.

53. 做事循天理，出言顺人心。

53. Act in accordance with the natural order, and speak in harmony with people's hearts.

54. 一分耕耘，一分收获。

54. One sows, one reaps.

55. 打铁的要自己把钳，种地的要自己下田。?>

55. The blacksmith must himself hold the tongs, and the farmer must himself go to the fields.

56. 河里泛青苔，必有大雨来。

56. If there is green moss on the river, a heavy rain is sure to come.

57. 熟能生巧，巧能生精。

57. Practice makes perfect, and skill can lead to refined expertise.

58. 团结加智慧，弱者胜强者。

58. Unity plus wisdom, the weak overcome the strong.

59. 满招损，谦受益。

59. Pride brings loss, while modesty brings benefit.

60. 吃过的馍馍不香，嚼过的甘蔗不甜。

60. Bread that has been eaten doesn't smell good, and sugarcane that has been chewed isn't sweet.

61. 骂人骂脏口，打人打伤手。

61. Swear and use foul language, hit and hurt others' hands.

62. ◆不下水，一辈子不会游泳；不扬帆，一辈子不会撑船。

62. ◆ If you never get into the water, you'll never learn to swim; if you never hoist the sail, you'll never learn to row a boat.

63. 秋后的蚂蚁 － <蹦达不了几天>

63. Ants after autumn - <They can't hop around for long>

64. 曹沧州像个乡下佬，平常不欢喜开口，走路也是慢吞吞的。这天，他接到圣旨，顿时面如土色，抱着一家老小嚎啕大哭。他认定，西太后若不到不可救药的地步，是不会从京城到苏州来请他的，治不好西太后，医生要殉葬，自己这条命是有去无回了。可圣旨不能违拗，曹沧洲只好硬着头皮动身。他一到北京刚住下，就借口路上受了风寒，便卧床不起，其实生病是假：要摸慈禧太后生病的根子是真。头一件大事是查看她吃了些什么药？不查不知道，一查吓一跳。慈禧太后每天吃的山珍海味不说，单是人参一项，日日恨不得泡在参汤里洗浴。还有燕窝、银耳，更是当饭吃。曹沧洲想到，医书上早有记载：“滋补过多，必然食阻中焦，中焦闭塞，危在旦夕。”找出病源，他的胆子大了，便去替慈禧太后看病了。

64. Cao Cangzhou, like an rustic person, is usually not keen to speak up and walks slowly. On this day, upon receiving the imperial edict, he turned pale and cried out loudly while holding his family, the old and the young. He believed that if the Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi were not at the point of no return, she would not have come to Suzhou from the capital to invite him. If he couldn't cure the Empress Dowager, the doctor would have to commit suicide as an act of honor, and his life would be a one-way street. However, he couldn't defy the edict, so Cao Cangzhou had to leave with a stiff upper lip. As soon as he arrived in Beijing and settled in, he claimed to have caught a cold on the journey and fell ill in bed, but in fact, his illness was a ruse: he was genuinely interested in uncovering the root of the Empress Dowager's illness. The first thing was to find out what kind of medicine she was taking? Not knowing was not an option, and once he investigated, he was shocked. The Empress Dowager's daily diet of mountain delicacies aside, just the ginseng alone, she would daily wish to bathe in ginseng soup. There were also bird's nest and tremella, which she ate like food. Cao Cangzhou thought of the ancient medical records which stated: "Overindulgence in nourishing foods will inevitably lead to blockage in the middle burner, and if it is blocked, danger lies in the immediate future." Having identified the source of the illness, his courage grew, and he went to treat the Empress Dowager.

65. 人起心发，树起根发。

65. When a person has intentions, the tree grows from its roots.

66. ①①一网打尽满河鱼← → 一网打尽

66. ①①A net catches all the fish in the river← → Catch everything in one net

67. 生人不生胆，力大也枉然。

67. A person without courage is as futile as a person with great strength.

68. ③国家的事再小也是大的，个人的事再大也是小的

68. ③ Even the smallest matter of the state is big, and even the biggest matter of an individual is small.

69. 当家才知柴米贵，养儿方知父母恩。

69. Only when you are in charge do you know the value of firewood and rice; only when you have raised children do you know the kindness of your parents.

70. 三人四靠，倒了锅灶。

70. Three people and four supports, the pot and stove fell over.

71. 以上各组例句，甲、乙意思相同，甲为俗语，乙为成语。俗语以形象为主体；成语以精练为特色。俗语多为完整的句子，长短不一，运用时可以变通；成语多为四个字的稳定结构，形式整齐。俗语流行于人民群众的口头上，文字上保持着通俗的特点；成语多用作书面语，文字上趋向典雅。从这一比较中，可以从主要方面作出界定：俗语是以形象为主体的通俗的口语，它的结构形式相对稳定，而在实际运用中可以灵活变通。

71. In the above groups of example sentences, the meanings of A and B are the same. A is a colloquialism, and B is an idiom. Colloquialisms are characterized by their imagery; idioms are characterized by their brevity. Colloquialisms are mostly complete sentences with varying lengths, and can be flexible in use; idioms are mostly stable four-character structures with a uniform form. Colloquialisms are popular among the people and maintain the characteristics of通俗 in written form; idioms are mostly used in written language and tend to be elegant in character. From this comparison, one can mainly define them as follows: Colloquialisms are popular oral expressions with imagery as the main subject, their structural form is relatively stable, and they can be flexible in actual use.