1. 南郊礼天地，东野辟原畇。校猎求初吉，先农卜上寅。

1. South suburb honors heaven and earth, the eastern field is cleared and cultivated. Hunting for the auspicious beginning, the farmer consults the auspicious day of the first month.

2. 老农羞荷锸，贪贾学垂绅。曲艺争工巧，雕机变组紃。

2. The old farmer blushes at the hoe, the greedy merchant imitates the scholarly demeanor. Artistic skills vie in craftsmanship, intricate machines weave intricate threads.

3. 舞台方丈地，一转万重山。

3. The stage is vast, and a turn reveals a thousand mountains.

4. 译文：苏轼追溯到事情的起始，笑向那翁问道：“同为戏剧到底是谁最早演习的？我笑对老翁说：‘还是儿子更贤于您！

4. Translation: Su Shi traced back to the origin of the matter and asked the old man with a laugh, "Who was the first to rehearse the drama among us? I laughingly told the old man, 'It seems that the son is more virtuous than you!'

5. 拨乱干戈后，经文礼乐辰。徽章悬象魏，貔虎画骐驎。

5. After restoring order and ending the chaos, the scriptures and music are celebrated. The emblem hangs over the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and the paintings depict the fierce pumas and the majestic quetzal.

6. ◆不当家，不知柴米贵；不生子，不知父母恩。

6.◆ Not being a householder, one does not know the value of firewood and rice; not having children, one does not understand the parents' love.

7. 华林荒茂草，寒竹碎贞筠。村落空垣坏，城隍旧井堙。

7. The wild grasses thrive in Hualin, the cold bamboo shatters the firmness of its shoots. The village's empty walls are in ruins, and the old well of the city god is buried.

8. 中国在汉代就出现了源自对狩猎活动模仿的角抵戏，在汉之前它被称为“蚩尤戏”。同时也是是对古代时期戏曲演绎者的总称。

8. The Chinese bullfighting, derived from the imitation of hunting activities, appeared as early as the Han Dynasty and was known as "Chiyou Opera" before the Han era. It is also a general term for performers of operas in ancient times.

9. 魏帝缝囊真戏剧，苻坚投棰更荒唐。译文：往前追溯巴汉还控制潇湘，怒似连山静镜光。

9. The Emperor Wei stitched a bag into a true drama, while Fu Jian threw a stick, even more absurd. Translation: Looking back, the Ba and Han still controlled the Xiang and Xiang, their anger resembling the continuous mountains, serene as a still mirror's glow.

10. 未惊蛰先耳真 雷，四十九日乌。

10. The thunder comes before the awakening of insects, and it lasts for forty-nine days with the crows.

11. 《古意》宋代诗人苏轼原文：等为戏剧谁能先，我笑谓翁儿更贤。

11. The original text of Su Shi, a Song Dynasty poet, from "Gu Yi" (Ancient Style): Who can excel in drama, I laugh and say, the grandpa and the child are both wise.

12. 芳兰天奇香， 凌菊血冷根。 万里无云天晴朗， 青山绿水好景致。

12. The orchid exudes an extraordinary fragrance, while the chrysanthemum's roots are cold and red. The sky is clear and bright without a single cloud, and the scenery of green mountains and blue waters is splendid.

13. 姐姐说，那叫水袖。其实，那不过是一段长方形的雪白纺绸，可当姐姐甩动起来，却是那么似水如波，宛转清美；或许它已经微妙地成了手的延展，那欲言又止欲罢不能的心事，就在它的挥洒间，或羞、或怒、或喜、或哀。

13. My sister said, that's called the water sleeves. In fact, it's just a piece of long, rectangular, snow-white gauze, but when my sister flings it, it's so fluid and wavy, graceful and beautiful; perhaps it has subtly become an extension of her hand, expressing those unspoken, lingering emotions, whether they are shy, angry, happy, or sad, all through its swaying.

14. 甩腔憋足劲儿，给个知会儿闪个神儿。

14. Throw your voice and put in all your strength; give it a moment and then show a bit of distraction.

15. ②打老鼠又怕碰破玉瓶儿← →投鼠忌器

15. ②Be afraid to hit the mouse in case of breaking the jade bottle ← →Hesitate to strike at the mouse for fear of damaging the vessel

16. 译文：原本是读书人家闲来作的戏曲，刚刚却泄露了祖师的心思。

16. Translation: Originally, a drama that the scholars would write in their leisure time, but now it has inadvertently revealed the master's thoughts.

17. 歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色，浓郁的生活气息，幽默风趣，耐人寻味，为广大群众所喜闻乐见。

17. The idiom has distinct national characteristics, rich everyday flavor, humor and wit, and is thought-provoking, thus widely favored and enjoyed by the general public.

18. 俚语，这个术语有时跟俗语相混，俚俗并称。这个“俚”，跟“乡里”之“里”有关，望文生义，也就是里人（乡下人）的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混，而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语，不如就借用“俚语”一词，来专指这些描述性的俗语。

18. Slang, this term is sometimes mixed up with colloquialisms and referred to together as "slang and colloquial." The "slang" in this term is related to the character "里" in "乡里," which, by extension, means "country folk" or "people from the countryside." Slang often refers to local dialects with a regional flavor. Since it is sometimes confused with colloquialisms, and the term "idioms" actually often refers to slang, it is better to borrow the term "slang" to specifically refer to these descriptive colloquialisms.

19. 《无题》 四喜来个张二奎，三庆长庚皱皱眉。

19. Untitled: Zhang Erkui arrives with four joys, Chang Qing of Sanqing frowns slightly.

20. 释义曾经弹奏完曲子让老师都佩服，（弹得好），化完妆周围的艺妓都嫉妒我（美）

20. Interpreting: Once, after I had played the piece to the admiration of my teacher (played beautifully), I had finished my makeup and the geishas around me were envious of me (beautiful).

21. 这类歇后语，则是用某种或某些物件作比方。了解设比物的性质，也就能领悟它的意思。

21. Such riddles use certain objects or some objects as metaphors. Understanding the nature of the objects used in the metaphor will also help to grasp its meaning.

22. 据观测，在我国许多地方。如见蜘蛛张网，阴雨天气将会转晴。如见蜘蛛收网，天气将转为阴雨。

22. Observation shows that in many places in our country, if spiders are seen spinning their webs, it will indicate that the overcast and rainy weather will clear up. Conversely, if spiders are seen retreating their webs, it will signal that the weather will turn cloudy and rainy.

23. 汉族，北宋眉州眉山（今属四川省眉山市）人。宋仁宗嘉祐（1056—

23. Han nationality, from Meizhou, Meishan in Northern Song Dynasty (now part of Meishan City, Sichuan Province). During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, Jiafu era (1056—)

24. 《七律·赞京剧》现代诗人张金铭原文：念白抑扬含顿挫，唱腔委婉透激昂。

24. "Seven-character Couplets: Praise of Peking Opera" Original text by modern poet Jin Ziming: The recitation is抑扬顿挫, the singing is gentle yet passionate.

25. 救场如救火。

25. To save the situation is like extinguishing a fire.

26. 集灵撞玉磬，和鼓奏金錞。建簴崇牙盛，衔钟兽目嗔。

26. The spirit collides with jade chimes, and the drum plays golden bells. The hanging bells are grandly adorned, the beasts holding the bells with frowning eyes.

27. ⑥拉完磨杀驴← →卸磨杀驴

27. ⑥ Kill the donkey after grinding the corn ← → Kill the donkey after unloading the corn

28. 道逢阳虎呼与言，心知其非口诺唯。居高忘下真何益，气节消缩今无几。

28. On the road, encountering Yang Hu, I call him and speak, knowing in my heart that he is not right but only nodding and promising with my mouth. To forget oneself from a high position is truly of no benefit; one's integrity and spirit have shrunk, and there is little left today.

29. 东风急，备斗笠，风急云起，愈急必雨。(《田家五行》论风

29. The east wind is fierce, prepare the bamboo hat. The wind is strong, clouds are rising, the more fierce it gets, the more likely it will rain. (From "The Five Elements of the Farming Household" on the wind)

30. 山三四十分不开，老乡保准不明白。

30. The mountain is three or four tens not open, the villagers are definitely not clear.

31. 《偈颂一百零四首其一》宋代诗人释绍昙原文：本是儒家闲戏剧，刚言漏泄祖师机。

31. "Verse 104, the First: Originally a leisurely drama of Confucianism, just when it was leaked, the master's secret was revealed." - Original text by Shi Shaotan, a Song Dynasty poet.

32. —— 宋 苏轼 《古意》 释义苏轼追溯到事情的起始，笑向那“翁”问道：“同为戏剧到底是谁最早演习的？我笑对老翁说：‘还是儿子更贤于您！

32. —— Song Dynasty, Su Shi, "Ancient Thoughts" Interpretation: Su Shi traced back to the origin of the matter and asked the "old man" with a smile, "Among us who first performed the drama? I smiled at the old man and said, 'It seems that your son is more virtuous than you!'

33. ③芝麻开花，节节高（前为形象，后为解释，描述性俗语→俚语）

33. ③ sesame seed blooming, higher and higher each step (the former being a metaphor, the latter being an explanation, descriptive slang → colloquialism)

34. ◆不下水，一辈子不会游泳；不扬帆，一辈子不会撑船。

34. ◆ If you never dive into the water, you will never learn to swim; if you never hoist the sail, you will never learn to row a boat.

35. 这人生就像戏曲一样，有起有伏，必定不是顺畅的。

35. Life is like a drama, with ups and downs, and it certainly is not smooth sailing.

36. 《酬朱庆余》唐·张籍 越女新妆出镜心， 自知明艳更沉吟。

36. "Response to Zhu Qingyu" by Zhang Ji of the Tang Dynasty: The young maiden, newly adorned, steps out from the mirror's frame, knowing her beauty is profound, she pauses in thought.

37. 字是骨头韵是肉，板是师傅。

37. Characters are the bones, tones are the flesh, and the board is the master.

38. 尘埃尽落，春梦已醒，只觉生命的意义也随了它的命运，抖擞精神，辉煌依然。 当舞台的喧嚣归于宁静，姐姐轻轻的告诉我，水袖并不易运用得好。

38. The dust has settled, the spring dream has awakened, and I feel that the meaning of life has also followed its destiny. With a renewed spirit, it remains resplendent. As the noise of the stage subsides into tranquility, my sister gently tells me that it is not easy to master the use of the water sleeves.

39. 破船沉古渡，战鬼聚阴磷。振臂谁相应，攒眉独不伸。

39. The broken ship sinks at the ancient ferry, war ghosts gather around the dark phosphorus. Who will respond by raising an arm, and who alone皱眉 will not stretch?

40. 3正如老歌适合于用黑胶唱片来收藏一样，戏曲还是要在舞台上发扬光大的。泛黄纸张上记载的文字只能作为案头文学，供文人赏玩；而再动听的呼吁，如果失去了鲜活的文化载体，也起不到拯救传统的作用。若有心，请停下匆忙的步履，找一间戏院，品一壶香茗，和着古老的曲调，放松一回自己的身心吧。

40. 3 Just as old songs are suitable for collection on vinyl records, operas and dramas should be promoted and brought to life on the stage. The words written on yellowed paper can only be considered as desk literature, for scholars to appreciate; and no matter how moving the appeal may be, if it lacks a vibrant cultural carrier, it cannot save the tradition. If you have the heart for it, please slow down your hurried pace, find a theater, enjoy a pot of fragrant tea, and relax your mind and body with the ancient melodies.

41. 有的文章中偶尔也把俗语称作成语。俗语和成语都是汉语中的约定俗成的语言形式，二者关系密切。“约定俗成”这一成语，就包含着俗、成二字。但从学习的角度来看，它们还是各有特点的。试比较下列例句：

41. Occasionally, some articles also refer to proverbs as idioms. Both proverbs and idioms are conventional language forms in Chinese, and they are closely related. The idiom "conventionally formed" itself contains the characters "common" and "formed." However, from the perspective of learning, they each have their own characteristics. Let's compare the following examples:

42. 卑官休力役，蠲赋免艰辛。蛮貊同车轨，乡原尽里仁。

42. The lowly official is freed from forced labor, and taxes are exempted from hardship. Barbarians and nomads ride on the same wheel tracks, and the honest and upright fill the countryside.

43. 2《老残游记》里小玉唱绝四座、余音绕梁的境界，可不是一朝一夕的成就，每个名角的成长都是一部血泪斑驳的书，大部头的书才成就这一亮相便惊艳四方的绝活儿。弦索胡琴伴奏下的婉转曲折，倾倒了爷孙几代，风靡了数个王朝。这哪是人间音响，分明是域外天籁！

43. In "The Journey to the West of Old Lao Tan," Xiao Yu's singing that left the audience spellbound and whose lingering notes echoed in the rafters was not achieved overnight. The growth of each famous performer is like a book scarred with blood and tears. It takes a substantial book to achieve such a stunning debut that captivates all four directions. The melodious and winding accompaniment of the bowed stringed instrument, the huqin, has charmed several generations of grandfathers and grandsons and has been popular throughout several dynasties. This is not human sound, but clearly, the ethereal music from beyond the realm!

44. 认识社会和总结社会活动经验的谚语：如“人敬富的，狗咬破的”、“放虎归山，必有后患”。

44. Proverbs about understanding society and summarizing the experience of social activities: such as "People respect the rich, but dogs bite the broken," and "If you let the tiger back to the mountain, there will be future trouble."

45. 年代：唐 作者： 元稹

45. Dynasty: Tang; Author: Yuan Zhen

46. 心中有点儿，张嘴有板儿。

46. Have a bit in mind and speak with confidence.

47. 风是最容易觉察的现象，所以关于风的谚语很多。

47. Wind is the easiest phenomenon to perceive, hence there are many proverbs about wind.

48. 戏曲之诗---《水袖》 小时候，就特别爱看戏，因为台上有我的姐姐。

48. The Poetry of Opera - "Water Sleeve" As a child, I particularly loved watching opera because my sister was on stage.

49. 辉光随顾步，生死属摇唇。世族功勋久，王姬宠爱亲。

49. The aura follows the steps of the person, life and death depend on the flick of the lips. The merit of the noble family has long been established, and the princess's favor is personal and close.

50. 王师才业业，暴卒已。杂虏同谋夏，宗周暂去豳。

50. Wang Shi was diligent in his duties, but he died suddenly. The mixed tribes conspired with Xia, and the royal Zhou temporarily left Bin.

51. 陵园深暮景，霜露下秋旻。凤阙悲巢鵩，鹓行乱野麏。

51. In the depths of the mausoleum, the evening scenery is profound, with frost and dew descending upon the autumn sky. The phoenix pavilion laments the mourning crows, while the pheasants wander amidst the wild deers in chaos.

52. 人生等戏剧，衮衮徒区区。——宋 韩淲《白日偶无客青山长对门》

52. Life is like a drama, with all its ups and downs. — Song Dynasty, Han Zhou's "A Day Without a Guest, Green Mountains Stretch Across the Door"

53. ◆一天不练手脚慢，两天不练丢一半，三天不练门外汉，四天不练瞪眼看。

53. ◆If you don't practice for one day, your hands and feet get slow; for two days, you lose half of your skills; for three days, you become an outsider; for four days, you can only watch in awe.

54. 9我不会唱戏，但我喜欢看着一个个角色包容着一切的悲欢离合，那些小情绪，在舞台上不断放大，可能现实生活中几秒的思绪，会演变成几分钟的演绎。人生里的相遇，本来就带着欢乐，在戏曲里就像是民歌的对答。你看着它，就知道它有恒久的生命力。我见青山多妩媚，料青山见我应如是。

54.9 I can't sing drama, but I enjoy watching each character embodying all the joys and sorrows, the small emotions, which are constantly magnified on stage. What might be a few seconds of thought in real life can turn into minutes of performance. Encounters in life naturally come with joy, in drama, it's like the dialogue in folk songs. Just by watching it, you know it has an enduring vitality. I see the green mountains so charming, I guess the green mountains see me in the same way.