1. 第三讲将谈谈黑洞。黑洞是当某个巨大的星球，或者更大的天体，受其自身引力吸引而自行塌缩（塌陷并紧缩）时形成的。根据爱因斯坦的广义相对论，任何蠢得掉进黑洞的傻瓜都会永远消失，他们将无法再逃出黑洞。而有关他们的历史，则将到达一个奇点，一个痛苦的终点。不过，广义相对论是经典理论——也就是说，它没有考虑量子力学的不确定原理。

1. The third lecture will discuss black holes. A black hole is formed when a massive star or even a larger celestial body collapses in on itself under its own gravitational pull. According to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, any fool who falls into a black hole will disappear forever, and they will be unable to escape from the black hole. As for their history, it will reach a singularity, a painful end. However, the General Theory of Relativity is a classical theory - that is, it does not take into account the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

2. 第二讲将解释牛顿和爱因斯坦的两种引力理论为什么会都得出这样的结论——宇宙不可能是静态的，它不得不或是膨胀，或是收缩。而这又意味着，在前200亿年到前100亿年之间，必定有某一时刻，那时宇宙的密度为无穷大，这就产生了所谓的大爆炸。它可能就是宇宙的开端。

2. The second lecture will explain why both Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity lead to the same conclusion - that the universe cannot be static, but must either be expanding or contracting. This implies that there must have been a moment between 20 billion and 10 billion years ago when the density of the universe was infinite, giving rise to what is known as the Big Bang. It may very well be the beginning of the universe.

3. 在一个不变的宇宙中，不存在一个自然的起始之点。然而，20世纪20年代当埃德温哈勃在威尔逊山上开始利用100英寸的望远镜进行观测时，情形发生了根本的改变。哈勃发现，恒星并非均匀地分布于整个空间，而是大量地聚集在称为星系的集团之中。

3. In an unchanging universe, there is no natural starting point. However, a fundamental change occurred when Edwin Hubble began using the 100-inch telescope to observe from Mount Wilson in the 1920s. Hubble discovered that stars are not uniformly distributed throughout the entire space, but are instead gathered in large groups known as galaxies.

4. 另一方面，宇宙去年创生的模型不能解释这类事件，因此第二个模型更好。人们不能诘问宇宙是否在一年前确实存在过，或者仅仅显得是那样。在实证主义的方法中，它们没有区别。

4. On the other hand, the model of the universe that was created last year cannot explain such events, therefore the second model is better. It is impossible to question whether the universe actually existed one year ago or merely appeared to do so. In the empiricalist method, there is no distinction.

5. 我不认为我们能够继续在地球上存在1000年，除非逃离这颗脆弱的星球。我们要仰望星辰，而不是始终盯着自己的脚。——霍金

5. I don't believe we can continue to exist on Earth for 1,000 years unless we leave this fragile planet. We should look up at the stars, not always at our own feet. - Hawking

6. 每个方程式都会使书的销量减少一半。——霍金

6. Each equation cuts the book's sales in half. - Hawking

7. Eternity is a very long time， especially in the end。

7. Eternity is an exceedingly long time, especially at the end.

8. 他患有肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症[卢伽雷病]，全身瘫痪，不能说话。 他唯一能动的地方只有两只眼睛和3根手指，其他地方根本不能动。

8. He suffers from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), which has left him paralyzed throughout his body and unable to speak. The only parts of his body he can move are his two eyes and three fingers; the rest of his body is completely immobile.

9. 我发现美国和斯堪的纳维亚口音对女人尤其管用。

9. I find that American and Scandinavian accents are particularly effective with women.

10. I find that American and Scandinavian accent is especially useful for women。

10. I find that the American and Scandinavian accents are especially useful for women.

11. 7我注意过，即使是那些声称“一切都是命中注定的，而且我们无力改变”的人，在过马路前都会左右看。

11.7 I've noticed that even those who claim "everything is predetermined and we have no power to change it" will still look left and right before crossing the street.

12. 科学家和娼妓都是做他们喜欢的事赚钱。

12. Scientists and prostitutes both make money by doing what they like.

13. 许多科学家仍然不喜欢宇宙具有开端。因为这似乎意味着物理学崩溃了。人们就不得不去求助于外界的作用，为方便起见，可以把它称作上帝，去确定宇宙如何起始。因此他们提出一些理论。在这些理论中，宇宙此刻正在膨胀，但是没有开端。其中之一便是邦迪、高尔德和霍伊尔于1948年提出的稳恒态理论。

13. Many scientists still dislike the idea of the universe having a beginning. Because this seems to imply that physics collapses. People would then have to resort to an external force, for convenience, we can call it God, to determine how the universe began. Therefore, they propose some theories. Among these theories, one is that the universe is currently expanding but has no beginning. One such theory is the steady-state theory proposed by Bondi, Gold, and Hoyle in 1948.

14. 第六讲将说明这个新的边界条件如何能解释这个问题：尽管物理学定律是时间对称的，但过去与未来为什么如此大不相同？

14. The sixth lecture will explain how this new boundary condition can account for this issue: why are the past and the future so vastly different, despite the time symmetry of physical laws?

15. 史蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking），英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家，还被称为宇宙之父。1942年1月8日生于英国牛津的霍金刚好出生于伽利略逝世300周年纪念日之时。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。

15. Stephen William Hawking, a professor of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, is one of the most important contemporary relativists and cosmologists. He is one of the most renowned figures of the 20th century, hailed as the greatest living scientist and also known as the father of the universe. Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England, on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. In the 1970s, he, along with Roger Penrose, proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly received the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1988. Consequently, he is acclaimed as the world's most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist since Einstein.

16. 例如，按照Usher主教《创世纪》把世界的创生定于公元前4004年10月23日上午9时。另一方面，诸如山岳和河流的自然环境，在人的生命周期里改变甚微。所以人们通常把它们当作不变的背景。要么作为空洞的风景已经存在了无限久，要么是和人类在相同的时刻被创生出来。

16. For example, according to Bishop Usher's dating of the creation of the world in Genesis, it is set at 4004 BCE, on October 23rd in the morning at 9 o'clock. On the other hand, natural environments such as mountains and rivers undergo very little change within the lifespan of a human being. Therefore, people usually consider them as unchanging backgrounds. Either they have existed as empty landscapes for an infinite time, or they were created at the same moment as humanity.

17. 《未来的魅力》本书以史蒂芬·威廉·霍金预测宇宙今后十亿年前景开头，以唐·库比特最后的审判的领悟为结尾，介绍了预言的发展历程，及我们今天预测未来的方法。该书文字通俗易懂，作者在阐述自己观点的同时，还穿插解答了一些有趣的问题，读来饶有趣味。

17. "The Charm of the Future" opens with Stephen William Hawking's predictions about the universe's prospects in the next ten billion years and ends with Don Cupitt's insights from the final judgment. The book introduces the development of prophecy and our methods for predicting the future today. The text is easy to understand, and while the author presents his own views, he also interweaves answers to some interesting questions, making the reading both entertaining and engaging.

18. The universe have a beginning？ If so， what happened before this？

18. Did the universe have a beginning? If so, what happened before this?

19. 斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking，1942年1月8日至2018年3月14日），男，出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之

19. Stephen William Hawking (January 8, 1942 – March 14, 2018), male, born in Oxford, United Kingdom, a renowned physicist at the University of Cambridge, and one of the greatest physicists of modern times.

20. 我们绝大多数人不关心那些大问题，但也偶尔会困惑：我们为什么在这里？我们从哪里来？传统上说，这都是哲学问题，但哲学已经死了。

20. The vast majority of us are not concerned with those big issues, but we do occasionally wonder: Why are we here? Where did we come from? Traditionally, these are philosophical questions, but philosophy is dead.

21. 《时间简史》，《果壳中的宇宙》，《大设计》。

21. "A Brief History of Time," "The Universe in a Nutshell," "The Grand Design."

22. 病毒感染：由于MND和急性脊髓灰质炎均侵犯脊髓前角运动神经元，且少数脊髓灰质炎患者后来发生MND，故有人推测MND与脊髓灰质炎或脊髓灰质炎样病毒慢性感染有关。但ALS患者CSF、血清及神经组织均未发现病毒或相关抗原及抗体。

22. Viral Infection: Since both MND (Motor Neuron Disease) and acute poliomyelitis affect the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord, and a small number of poliomyelitis patients later develop MND, some people speculate that MND may be associated with chronic infection by poliovirus or a poliovirus-like virus. However, no virus or related antigens and antibodies were found in the CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid), serum, or nerve tissue of ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) patients.

23. 当你面临着夭折的可能性，你就会意识到，生命是宝贵的，你有大量的事情要做。

23. When you face the possibility of early death, you will realize that life is precious, and there are many things you have to do.

24. 散发性病例的病因及发病机制不清，尚未发现确切的环境危险因素，可能与下列因素有关

24. The etiology and pathogenesis of sporadic cases are unclear, and no definite environmental risk factors have been found, which may be related to the following factors.

25. 微弱的源比预言的更多，这表明在过去源的密度较高

25. The sources are fainter than predicted, indicating that the density of sources in the past was higher.

26. 在我21岁时，我的期望值变成了零。自那以后，一切都变成了额外津贴。

26. At the age of 21, my expectations turned to zero. Since then, everything has become an extra allowance.

27. 遗传因素：5%－10%的患者有遗传性，称为家族性肌萎缩性侧索硬化(familialamyotrophic lateral sclerosis,FALS),成年型属常染色体显性遗传，青年型为常染色体显性或隐性遗传，临床上与散发病例难以区别。目前基因研究已确定常染色体显性遗传型与铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶(SODL)基因突变有关，突变基因定位于21号染色体长臂(21q221-

27. Genetic factors: 5% to 10% of patients have a genetic predisposition, known as familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). The adult form is an autosomal dominant inheritance, while the juvenile form is autosomal dominant or recessive. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish from sporadic cases. Current genetic research has determined that the autosomal dominant type is associated with mutations in the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, with the mutated gene located on the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q221-

28. 在稳恒态理论中，其思想是，随着星系离开，由假设中的在整个空间连续创生的物质形成新的星系。宇宙会永远存在，而且在所有时间中都显得一样。这最后的性质从实证主义的观点来看，作为一个可以用观测来检验的明确预言，具有巨大的优点。在马丁莱尔领导下的剑桥射电观测天文小组，在20世纪60年代早期对弱射电源进行了调查。这些源在天空分布得相当均匀，表明大部分源位于银河系之外。平均而言，较弱的源离得较远。

28. In the steady-state theory, the idea is that new galaxies are formed from matter continuously created throughout the entire space as galaxies move away. The universe would exist forever and appear the same at all times. This final property, from the perspective of positivism, has a tremendous advantage as a clear prediction that can be tested by observation. Under the leadership of Martin Rees, the Cambridge Radio Observatory group conducted an investigation of weak radio sources in the early 1960s. These sources were distributed quite evenly across the sky, indicating that most of the sources were located outside the Milky Way. On average, the weaker sources were further away.

29. Life is not fair， regardless of your circumstances， you can only go all out。

29. Life is not fair, regardless of your circumstances, you can only go all out.

30. 永恒是很长的时间，特别是对尽头而言。

30. Eternity is a very long time, especially towards the end.

31. 如果人们相信宇宙有一个开端，那么很明显的问题是，在开端之前发生了甚么？上帝在创造宇宙之前，他在做甚么？他是在为那些诘问这类问题的人准备地狱吗？德国哲学家伊曼努尔康德十分关心宇宙有无开端的问题。他觉得，不管宇宙有无开端，都会引起逻辑矛盾或者二律背反。如果宇宙有一个开端，为何在它起始之前要等待无限久。他将此称为正题。另一方面，如果宇宙已经存在无限久，为甚么它要花费无限长的时间才达到现在这个阶段。他把此称为反题。无论正题还是反题，都是基于康德的假设，几乎所有人也是这么办的，那就是，时间是绝对的，也就是说，时间从无限的过去向无限的将来流逝。时间独立于宇宙，在这个背景中，宇宙可以存在，也可以不存在。

31. If people believe that the universe has a beginning, then an obvious question arises: What happened before the beginning? What was God doing before He created the universe? Was He preparing hell for those who ask such questions? The German philosopher Immanuel Kant was very concerned about the question of whether the universe has a beginning. He thought that whether the universe has a beginning or not would lead to logical contradictions or antinomies. If the universe has a beginning, why did it have to wait for an infinite amount of time before it started. He called this the thesis. On the other hand, if the universe has existed for an infinite amount of time, why did it take an infinite amount of time to reach the current stage. He called this the antithesis. Whether it is the thesis or the antithesis, both are based on Kant's assumption, which almost everyone follows, that time is absolute, meaning that time flows from an infinite past to an infinite future. Time is independent of the universe; in this context, the universe can exist or not exist.

32. I don't think we can continue to exist on earth in 1000， unless to flee the fragile planet。 We need to look up at the stars， not always stare at his own feet。

32. I don't think we can continue to exist on Earth in 1000 years, unless we flee the fragile planet. We need to look up at the stars, not always stare at our own feet.

33. 根据实证主义方法，人们可以比较宇宙的两个模型。第一个模型，宇宙是去年创生的，而另一个是宇宙已经存在了远为长久的时间。一对孪生子在比一年前更早的时刻诞生，已经存在了久于一年的宇宙的模型能够解释像孪生子这样的事物。

33. According to the positivist method, two models of the universe can be compared. The first model posits that the universe was created last year, while the other suggests that the universe has existed for a much longer time. A pair of twins born at an earlier time than a year ago can be explained by the model of the universe that has existed longer than a year.

34. 我的目标很简单，就是把宇宙整个明白——它为何如此，为何存在。——斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金

34. My goal is simple: to understand the entire universe—it's why it is what it is, why it exists. — Stephen William Hawking

35. 《时间简史续编》作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。

35. "The Turn of the Dark: A Continuation of A Brief History of Time" stands as an undisputed authority in cosmology, and Professor Hawking's research achievements and biography have consistently attracted a wide readership. "The Turn of the Dark" is compiled for readers who wish to learn more about Professor Hawking's life and theories. The book narrates Professor Hawking's life journey and research work through honest and sincere private interviews, revealing the real "person" behind the grand theoretical framework. It is not an ordinary oral history but an extremely touching and captivating portrait and description of one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. For non-specialist readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration.