1. 四时花竞巧，九子粽争新。唐李隆基《端午三殿宴群臣探得神字》

1. Flowers compete in their beauty with the four seasons, nine-son zong (a type of dumpling) vie for novelty. (This is from Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Longji's "Banquet at the Three Palaces for the Ministers on the Dragon Boat Festival, where the character 'shen' was chosen for the game.")

2. 释义：诗起句写景，先写端午节的天气，晦冥而有风雨，借景抒情，运用风雨之景为下文抒情做铺垫，第二句兴“英灵何在”之叹，诗人想起了屈原的怀才不遇，运用屈原之典故，进而感伤身世，为屈原以及自己的怀才不遇而感到愤懑，“楚国声声鸣臣冤”一句中的“无处”既对应了上文的风雨晦暝，也抒发了屈原英灵无人凭吊的伤感。

2. Interpretation: The first line of the poem describes a landscape, starting with the weather on the Dragon Boat Festival, which is gloomy with rain and wind. By using the scenery to express emotions, the poem sets the stage for the subsequent emotional expression through the imagery of rain and wind. The second line expresses a sigh of "Where are the spirits?" The poet remembers Qu Yuan's untapped talents, and by using the allusion to Qu Yuan, he further laments his own fate, feeling indignant about both Qu Yuan's and his own untapped talents. The phrase "Nowhere" in the line "The voice of the Chu nation echoes the injustice of its ministers" not only corresponds to the previous description of rain and gloom, but also expresses the sadness of Qu Yuan's spirit being unremembered.

3. 五月里石榴花儿红艳艳，绿杨雨中默默站立，丝线缠裹的粽子盛放在金盘里，扇子上面画着双凤凰，正是端午时节，浴兰汤，喝菖蒲酒，树叶丛中黄鹂的叫声惊醒了朦胧中的好梦。

3. In May, the pomegranate flowers are vividly red, the green willows stand silently in the rain, the glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in silk are placed in golden plates, fans are painted with pairs of phoenixes, marking the Dragon Boat Festival season. Taking the osmanthus bath and drinking calamus wine, the sound of orioles in the foliage wakes up the beautiful dreams in the haze.

4. 谩说投诗赠汨罗，身今且乐奈渠何。赵蕃《端午三首》

4. What's the use of sending poems to the Miluo River, for now I am enjoying my life regardless. Zhao Fan's "Three Poems on the Dragon Boat Festival."

5. 五日长蛟虚问祭，九关雕虎枉招魂。宋宋祁《屈原祠》

5. For five days, the long dragon in the void asks for the sacrifice, and the nine-entrance carved tiger in vain calls for the soul. (This is a line from Song Qi's poem "Qu Yuan Shrine")

6. 官衣亦有名，端午被恩荣。细葛含风软，香罗叠雪轻。唐杜甫《端午日赐衣》

6. The official robe has a name, it is honored at the Dragon Boat Festival. The fine bamboo cloth is soft with the wind, the fragrant silk is as light as folded snow. From Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's poem "Gifted Robe on Dragon Boat Festival Day."

7. ，父于广州抗元死难，友直冒死舆尸归葬，后隐居眠牛山，自号牛山子，学者称师干先生。事见清乾隆《绍兴府志》卷三

7. His father died in resistance against the Yuan Dynasty in Guangzhou. His friend, Zhi, dared to risk his life to bring the body back for burial. Later, he retreated to the Niuniu Mountain and called himself Niushanzi, while scholars referred to him as Mr. Shiguan. This matter is recorded in Volume Three of the Qing Dynasty's Qijiu Prefecture Chronicles.

8. 释义：在诗中端午节欢愉的背后暗含着作者的一丝无奈，但是即使在这种境况中，他在内心深处仍然满怀着的思念。这首诗塑造了一位像屈原一样为国难奔波却壮志不已的士大夫形象。

8. Interpretation: Behind the joyous atmosphere of the Dragon Boat Festival in the poem, there is a hint of the author's helplessness. However, even in this situation, he is deeply filled with longing in his heart. This poem portrays an image of an upright scholar, similar to Qu Yuan, who is struggling for the nation's troubles but remains full of ambition.

9. 碧艾香蒲处处忙。舒頔《小重山·端午》

9. The fragrant wormwood and reeds are busy everywhere. Qu Yuan's "Xiaozhongshan · Dragon Boat Festival".

10. 年年端午风兼雨，似为屈原陈昔冤。赵蕃《端午三首》

10. Every year the Dragon Boat Festival brings wind and rain, as if to avenge the ancient grievances of Qu Yuan. - Zhao Fan's "Three Poems on the Dragon Boat Festival"

11. 彩线轻缠红玉臂，小符斜挂绿云鬣。佳人相见一千年。宋苏轼《浣溪沙端午》下阕

11. The colorful thread lightly wraps around the jade arm, and the small talisman hangs diagonally from the green cloud hair. When a beauty meets, a thousand years pass by. From Song Dynasty Su Shi's "Washing Sands at Dragon Boat Festival" (the second part).

12. 正是浴兰时节动。欧阳修《渔家傲·五月榴花妖艳烘》

12. It is the time for bathing in the orchid during the season of movement. From Ouyang Xiu's "Fisherman's Pride · The May Red Peonies Are Exuberant and Warm."

13. 主要著述有：《红楼梦辨》（《红楼梦研究》）《冬夜》《古槐书屋问》《古槐梦遇》《读词偶得》《清词释》《杂拌儿》《燕郊集》《唐宋词选释》《俞平伯全集》等。

13. His main works include: "The Distinction of Dream of the Red Chamber" (also known as "The Research of Dream of the Red Chamber"), "Winter Night", "Inquiries in the Ancient Elm Study House", "Dream Encounters with Ancient Elm", "Accidental Insights on Reading Ci Poems", "Interpretations of Qing Ci", "Miscellaneous Essays", "Collections from Yanjiao", "Interpretations of Selected Ci Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties", "The Complete Works of Yu Pingbo" and so on.

14. 裁缝云雾成御衣，拜跪题封向端午。杜甫《惜别行，送向卿进奉端午御》

14. The tailor weaves clouds and mist into imperial robes, kowtowing and writing inscriptions for the Dragon Boat Festival. Du Fu's "Parting Journey, Sending Xiang Qing to Offer Imperial Gifts for the Dragon Boat Festival."

15. 阿房舞殿翻罗袖，金谷名园起玉楼，隋堤古柳缆龙舟。张可久《卖花声·怀古》

15. The Hall of Abao dances with the fluttering sleeves, the Golden Valley's famous garden rises with a jade pavilion, and the ancient willows on the Sui embankment tie dragon boats. A song from Zhang Kejiu, "The Sound of Selling Flowers · Yearning for the Past."

16. 节分端午自谁言，万古传闻为屈原。堪笑楚江空渺渺，不能洗得直臣冤。唐文秀《端午》?>

16. Who says that the Dragon Boat Festival is divided, it has been rumored for ten thousand years to be about Qu Yuan. It's laughable that the Chu River is vast and desolate, yet it cannot wash away the injustice of the loyal ministers. Tang Wenxiu's poem "Dragon Boat Festival"?>

17. 诗人在端午节遇到风雨，天气昏暗，使得汨罗江上没有人祭奠屈原这位伟大的爱国者，屈原忠心为国却屡遭贬谪，怀才不遇，千年后的风雨还耽误了人们对屈原的祭奠和怀念，整个汨罗江上没有一处可以凭吊屈原英魂的地方。全诗在平淡的天气描写和议论中抒发情感。

17. The poet encountered rain and wind during the Dragon Boat Festival, with the weather dark and gloomy. This caused no one to pay homage to Qu Yuan, the great patriotic hero, on the Jiulong River. Despite his loyalty to the country and his repeated demotions, Qu Yuan was never appreciated for his talents. Even a millennium later, the rain and wind still hindered people's homage and remembrance of Qu Yuan. There was not a single place along the entire Jiulong River where one could pay homage to the spirit of Qu Yuan. The entire poem expresses emotions through descriptions of the plain weather and discussions.

18. 良辰当五日，偕老祝千年。权德舆《端午日礼部宿斋有衣服彩结》

18. At the auspicious time of the fifth day, we wish to celebrate a thousand years of companionship. Quande Yu's "On the Dragon Boat Festival, the Ministry of Rites Accommodates in the Study with Clothes and Colorful Ribbons."

19. 谁家儿共女，庆端阳。舒頔《小重山·端午》

19. Who's celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival with children and girls? Shu Di's "Xiao Chong Shan · Dragon Boat Festival."

20. 幽寻未云毕，墟落生晚烟。苏轼《端午遍游诸寺得禅字》

20. The quest through the shadows remains incomplete, as the dusk smoke rises from the hamlets. Su Shi's "On the Dragon Boat Festival, Wandering Through Many Temples and Finding the Character 'Chan'"

21. 彩线轻缠红玉臂，小符斜挂绿云鬟。苏轼《浣溪沙·端午》

21. The colorful threads gently wrap around the jade arm, and the small talisman hangs askew on the green cloud hairpins. Su Shi's "Washing Sands · Dragon Boat Festival."

22. 粽团桃柳，盈门共饮，把菖蒲、旋刻个人人。宋秦观失调名《端午》词断句

22. Zongtuan (sticky rice dumplings) and peach and willow blossoms, filling the gate with joyous drinking, holding calamus grass and carving personal amulets. Song Dynasty poet Qin Guan's untitled poem "Dragon Boat Festival" verse segmentation.

23. 莫唱江南古调，怨抑难招，楚江沉魄。吴文英《澡兰香·林钟羽淮安重午》

23. Do not sing the ancient tunes of the South River, the sorrowful and oppressive melodies are hard to attract, and the soul of the Chu River sinks. Wu Wenying's "Zao Lan Xiang · Lin Zhong Yu Huai'an Chong Wu".

24. 好酒沈醉酬佳节，十分酒，一分歌。宋苏轼《少年游端午赠黄守徐君猷》

24. Good wine and deep intoxication celebrate the joyous festival, ten parts of wine, one part song. Song Su Shi's "Youth Trip: A Gift to Huang Shou Xu Junyou on the Dragon Boat Festival."

25. 明诏始端午，初筵当履霜。储光羲《大酺得长字韵时任安宜尉》

25. The imperial edict begins at Dragon Boat Festival, the first feast is to walk on frost. From the poem "Dachong" by Chu Guangxi, titled "Gained the Chang character rhyme, at the time serving as An Yi Prefect"

26. 风雨端阳生晦冥，汨罗无处吊英灵。贝琼《已酉端午》

26. The Dragon Boat Festival arrives amidst stormy skies, darkness prevails; nowhere in Miluo can the spirit of the heroes be honored. — Bei Qiong, "Yiyou (The Year of the Monkey) Dragon Boat Festival"

27. 赵友直，字益之，号兰洲，上虞（今浙江上虞东南）人。良坡子。度宗咸淳元年（一二六

27. Zhao Youzhi, style name Yizhi, also known as Lanzhou, from Shangyu (now southeastern Shangyu, Zhejiang). The son of Liang Pozi. In the first year of Emperor Duzong's reign during the Xianchun period (1265),...

28. 释义：此诗从端午竞渡写起，看似简单，实则意蕴深远，因为龙舟竞渡是为了拯救和悲悼屈原的千载冤魂。慷慨悲壮，它使得全诗的意境直转而上、宏阔高远。于是三四两句便水到渠成、一挥而就。虽然“国亡身殒”，灰飞烟灭，但那光照后人的爱国精神和彪炳千古的《离骚》绝唱却永远不会消亡。

28. Explanation: This poem starts with the Dragon Boat Festival races, which may seem simple on the surface, but in fact, it conveys profound meanings. This is because the dragon boat races are held to commemorate and mourn the eternal spirit of Qu Yuan, who suffered a thousand-year-old injustice. It is grand and heroic, which elevates the poetic vision of the entire poem to become grand, vast, and high. Thus, the third and fourth lines come naturally and are completed with a stroke of genius. Although "the country perished and he lost his life," and everything turned to ashes, the patriotic spirit that shines upon future generations and the immortal masterpiece of "Liu Xiang" will never fade away.

29. 但夸端午节，谁荐屈原祠。褚朝阳《五丝》

29. But who recommends the Qu Yuan Temple during the Dragon Boat Festival? Chu Chaoyang's "Five Silk."

30. 高咏楚词酬午日，天涯节序匆匆。陈与义《临江仙·高咏楚词酬午日》

30. Singing ancient Chu poetry to pay tribute to the midsummer, the seasons rush by at the edge of the world. Chen Yuyi, "Liangjiangxian · Singing ancient Chu poetry to pay tribute to the midsummer"

31. 诗人在端午日，看山村中盛开的石榴花，包粽子、挂艾草、采药草，在额上点了雄黄酒，傍晚忙完了，准备喝一杯。

31. On the Dragon Boat Festival, the poet admires the blooming pomegranate flowers in the mountainous village, packs zongzi (sticky rice dumplings), hangs mugwort, collects medicinal herbs, and daubs realgar wine on his forehead. By evening, after the busy day is over, he prepares to have a drink.

32. 小团冰浸砂糖裹，有透明角黍松儿和。宋张耒失调名《端午》词断句

32. Little dumplings soaked in sugar, with transparent glutinous rice cakes and pine buds. Song poet Zhang Lei's untitled poem "Dragon Boat Festival" verse division.

33. 鹤发垂肩尺许长，离家三十五端阳。殷尧藩《同州端午》

33. White hair hangs down to the shoulders, a length of a chi. Left home on the 35th day of the fifth lunar month. (Quoted from "Tongzhou Dragon Boat Festival" by Yin Yaofan)

34. 宫衣亦有名，端午被恩荣。杜甫《端午日赐衣》

34. The palace attire also has a name, the Dragon Boat Festival is honored with grace. Du Fu's "Granting Attire on Dragon Boat Festival Day"

35. 入袂轻风不破尘，玉簪犀壁醉佳辰。宋苏轼《浣溪沙端午》

35. The gentle breeze through the sleeves does not stir the dust, the jade hairpin and the rhinoceros wall醉drunk the beautiful moment. Song Su Shi's "Washing Sand on Dragon Boat Festival."

36. 五月五日午，赠我一枝艾。文天祥《端午即事》

36. At noon on the fifth day of May, you gave me a sprig of mugwort. — From Wen Tianxiang's "Incident on the Dragon Boat Festival."

37. 不效艾符趋习俗，但祈蒲酒话升平。鬓丝日日添白头，榴锦年年照眼明。唐殷尧潘《端午日》

37. Not following the custom of using Ai talismans, but praying for prosperity with the Pu wine. Each day, the hair turns whiter, and the year after year, the red flax fabrics brighten the eyes. Tang Dynasty, Yin Yao Pan, "Dragon Boat Festival Day."

38. 端午临中夏，时清日复长。李隆基《端午》

38. Dragon Boat Festival comes in the midst of summer, the time is clear and the days grow longer. — Emperor Li Longji, "Dragon Boat Festival"

39. 榴花三日迎端午，蕉叶千春纪诞辰。范成大《鹧鸪天》

39. The azalea blooms for three days to greet the Dragon Boat Festival, and the banana leaves record a thousand springs of the birthday. (This is a line from Fan Chengda's poem "Zhe Gu Tian")

40. 粽包分两髻，艾束著危冠。陆游《乙卯重五诗》

40. The dumpling packages are divided into two ponytails, and the mugwort bundles are worn on a perilous crown. (From Lu You's poem "The Song on the Double Fifth Day" in the Year Yǐ Mò)

41. 重午佳辰独掩门。李之仪《南乡子·端午》

41. On the great Dragon Boat Festival, I shut the door alone. From Li Zhiyi's "Nanxiangzi · Dragon Boat Festival."

42. 菖蒲酒美清尊共。欧阳修《渔家傲·五月榴花妖艳烘》

42. The beauty of the calamus wine, shared in a clear cup. From Ouyang Xiu's "Fisherman's Pride · The Exquisite May Pomegranate Flowers."

43. 屈子冤魂终古在，楚乡遗俗至今留。边贡《午日观竞渡》

43. The soul of Qu Yu remains eternal, and the ancient customs of Chu are still preserved today. (Qu Yuan's) The poem "Observing the Dragon Boat Race on the Midsummer Day" by Biao Gong.

44. 不效艾符趋习俗，但祈蒲酒话升平。殷尧藩《端午日》

44. Not following the custom of using Ai talismans, but hoping for prosperity through the drinking of Pu wine. -- Yin Yao Fan's "Dragon Boat Festival Day"

45. 细缠五色臂丝长。舒頔《小重山·端午》

45. The fine, intricately coiled five-color arm silk is long. From Xu Tie's poem "Xiao Chong Shan · Dragon Boat Festival."

46. 轻汗微微透碧纨，明朝端午浴芳兰。苏轼《浣溪沙·端午》

46. A light sweat slightly penetrates the green silk, and tomorrow is the Dragon Boat Festival, when I will bathe in the fragrant orchid. Su Shi's "Washing Sands · Dragon Boat Festival"

47. 上阕写端午日，石榴花盛开，丝线包裹粽子，佩香囊，悬菖蒲，拴五色丝线，龙舟竞渡等，下阕重点描写竞渡场景，最后是嗅着荷香，身披月牙微光而回。

47. The first part describes the Dragon Boat Festival day, with pomegranate flowers in full bloom, dumplings wrapped in silk threads, wearing fragrant bags, hanging mugwort, tying five-colored silk threads, and dragon boat races. The second part focuses on the scene of the races, and finally, returning while sniffing the fragrance of lotus flowers and wrapped in the faint light of the crescent moon.

48. 五色新丝缠角粽。欧阳修《渔家傲·五月榴花妖艳烘》

48. New silks of five colors entwined around the corner zongzi. From Ouyang Xiu's "Yu Jia Ao · May Red Flower"

49. 仙宫长命缕，端午降殊私。窦叔向《端午日恩赐百索》

49. Immortal thread of the fairy palace, special favor bestowed on Dragon Boat Festival. Quoted from Dou Shu Xiang's "Engraced with Hundred Strands on Dragon Boat Festival Day."

50. 空惆怅，谁复吊沅湘。舒頔《小重山·端午》

50. A sense of desolation, who else to mourn the Chu and Xiang? Shu Di's "Xiao Chong Shan · Dragon Boat Festival"

51. 释义：短短四句诗，写得清新朴素，明白如话。它的内容是单纯的，但同时却又是丰富的。它是容易理解的，却又是体味不尽的。诗人所没有说的比他已经说出来的要多得多。它的构思是细致而深曲的，但却又是脱口吟成、浑然无迹的。

51. Interpretation: In just four lines of poetry, it is written in a fresh and simple style, as clear as it is easy to understand. Its content is simple, yet it is also rich. It is easy to understand, yet it is endless to savor. What the poet has not said is much more than what he has already expressed. Its conception is delicate and intricate, yet it is spontaneously recited and seamless.

52. 与祖必蒸、父良坡同登进士第，授桐川簿、迁知县事。

52. Together with Zu Bi Sheng and Fu Liangpo, he passed the jinshi examination and was appointed as the clerk of Tongchuan, later being transferred to serve as the county magistrate.

53. 俞平伯，原名俞铭衡，字平伯。出生于江苏苏州。散文家、红学家，新文学运动初期的诗人，中国白话诗创作的先驱者之一。与胡适并称“新红学派”的创始人。

53. Yu Pingbo, originally named Yu Mingheng, styled Pingbo. Born in Suzhou, Jiangsu. A prose writer, redology expert, poet at the early stage of the New Literature Movement, and one of the pioneers of Chinese free verse poetry creation. He is known together with Hu Shih as the founders of the "New Red School" movement.