1. 白马金鞍从武皇，旌旗十万宿长杨。王昌龄《青楼曲二首》

1. The white horse with golden saddle comes from the martial emperor, with ten thousand banners camping in the Longyang. (This is a line from the poem "Two Songs of the Green-Lantern Courtesans" by Wang Changling.)

2. 长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。——屈原《离骚》

2. With long sighs I try to hide my tears,哀 for the great hardships of the people's lives. — Qu Yuan, "Liu Xa"

3. 山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。文天祥《过零丁洋》

3. The mountains and rivers are shattered, with the wind blowing away the floating chaff; my destiny is tossed about like the water lily in the rain. (This is a line from Wen Tianxiang's poem "Crossing the Lying Sea.")

4. 皇情眷亿兆，割念俯怀柔。郑愔《送金城公主适西蕃应制》

4. The emperor's affection encompasses the myriad, cutting his attachment with gentleness. Zheng Nai's "Presenting Princess Jin Cheng to the Western Regions in Compliance with the Imperial Command"

5. 国破山河在，城春草木深，开篇即写春望所见：国都沦陷，城池残破，虽然山河依旧，可是乱草遍地，林木苍苍。一个“破”字，使人怵目惊心，继而一个“深”字，令人满目凄然。诗人在此明为写景，实为抒感，寄情于物，托感于景，为全诗创造了气氛。

5. The country is destroyed, but the mountains and rivers remain; in spring, the city is filled with lush greenery. The opening line of the poem describes the scene of Spring Gazing: the capital has fallen, the city is in ruins, although the mountains and rivers are still there, yet the wild grass is everywhere, and the trees are dense and dark. The word "destroyed" is so shocking that it stuns the eyes, and the word "deep" following it evokes a feeling of desolation. The poet explicitly writes a landscape here, but actually expresses his feelings, projecting his emotions onto objects, and entrusting his sentiments to the scene, thus creating the atmosphere for the whole poem.

6. 捐躯赴国难，视死忽如归。——曹植《白马篇》

6. To sacrifice oneself for the country's distress, one regards death as if returning home. — Cao Zhi, "The Chapter of the White Horse."

7. 死去原知万事空，但悲不见九州同。王师北定中原日，家祭毋忘告乃翁。陆游《示儿》

7. Knowing that all things are empty in death, yet I grieve for not seeing the unity of all nine provinces. On the day when the king's army subdues the Central Plains, do not forget to inform your father at the family sacrifice. Lu You, "To My Children"

8. 终是圣明天子事，景阳宫井又何人。郑畋《马嵬坡》

8. In the end, it is the wise ruler's matter; who else for the well in Jingyang Palace? (This is a line from a poem by Zheng Tiao titled "Ma Weipo.")

9. 抚剑长号归去也，千山风雨啸青锋。康有为《出都留别诸公》

9. With a long horn in hand, I bid farewell, the sword's edge howls amidst the mountains and rains. From Kang Youwei's "Leaving the Capital and Saying Farewell to the Public."

10. 故国梅花归梦，愁损绿罗裙。孔夷《南浦·旅怀》

10. The plum blossoms of the homeland return in dreams, sorrowing the green silk skirt. From Kong Yi's poem "Nanpu · Traveling Thoughts."

11. 梦绕边城月，心飞故国楼。李白《太原早秋》

11. The moon circles around the border city, my heart flies to the ancient country's tower. From Li Bai's "Early Autumn in Taiyuan."

12. 商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱《后庭花》。杜牧《泊秦淮》

12. The merchant girl knows not the sorrow of her nation's fall, still singing "The Harems of the Rear Palace" across the river. Quoted from Du Mu's poem "Mooring at Qinhuai."

13. 日日望乡国，空歌白苎词。张籍《蓟北旅思》

13. Every day longing for the motherland, vainly singing the words of white jute. Zhang Ji's "Jinbei's Travel Thoughts"

14. 形胜三分国，波流万世功。潘大临《江间作四首·其三》

14. Forming the three divisions of the land, waves flow through ten thousand generations of achievements. Pan Dalin, "Four Poems on the River: The Third"

15. 独怜京国人南窜，不似湘江水北流。杜审言《渡湘江》

15. Only怜惜京城人南逃，不像湘江水北流。Du Shenyin's "Crossing the Xiang River"

16. 他乡生白发，旧国见青山。司空曙《贼平后送人北归》

16. White hair grows in a foreign land, and green mountains are seen in the old country. From Si Kongsu's poem "Sending Someone Off to Return North After the Rebellion Has Been Quelled."

17. 可惜庭中树，移根逐汉臣。孔绍安《侍宴咏石榴》

17. Alas for the trees in the courtyard, their roots follow the Han ministers. From Kong Shao'an's "Praise of the Pomegranate at the Banquet"

18. 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。——范仲淹《岳阳楼记》

18. To worry about the world's troubles before they happen, and to enjoy the world's joys after they come. — Fan Zhongyan, "The Record of the Yuyang Tower"

19. 夜视太白收光芒，报国欲死无战场。陆游《陇头水》

19. At night, the bright star Tai Bai dims its light, longing to die for the country but finds no battlefield. From Lu You's poem "Water at Longtou."

20. 青春元不老，君知否。辛弃疾《感皇恩·滁州为范倅寿》

20. The youth never grows old, do you know this? Xin Qiji's "Feeling the Imperial Grace · Chuzhou Celebrating Fan Cai's Birthday"

21. 全诗抒发了诗人忧国、伤时、念家、悲己的情感，以及对亲人的思念之情。全诗沉着蕴藉，真挚自然，反映了诗人热爱祖国，眷怀家人的感情。

21. The entire poem expresses the poet's concerns for the country, sorrows for the times, yearning for his family, and his own sadness, as well as his longing for his relatives. The poem is serious and reserved, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's love for his country and his attachment to his family.

22. 宫中羯鼓催花柳，玉奴弦索花奴手。苏轼《虢国夫人夜游图》

22. In the palace, the chime drums prompt the blossoming of willows and poplars, while the jade slave plucks strings with the flower slave's hands. This is from Su Shi's "Night Journey of Guo Lady."

23. 烈士之爱国也如家。——葛洪《抱朴子外篇广譬》烈士：有抱负．有作为的人。

23. The patriotic spirit of the martyrs is as strong as that of a family member. — From "Bao Pu Zi: External Chapters, Broad Illustrations" by Ge Hong. The term "martyrs" refers to individuals with ambitions and actions.

24. 咸言上国繁华，岂谓帝城羁旅。子兰《秋日思旧山》?>

24. They speak of the prosperity of the great country, but could it be said that the capital city is a place of temporary residence? Zi Lan's "Thoughts of the Old Mountain in Autumn"?>

25. 一自胡尘入汉关，十年伊洛路漫漫。陈与义《咏牡丹》

25. Since the dusty Hu entered the Han Pass, ten years have passed and the road to Yiluo has been long. A poem by Chen Youyi titled "Celebrating Peonies."

26. 蜀魂飞绕百鸟臣，夜半一声山竹裂。林景熙《冬青花》

26. The soul of Shu soars, surrounded by a hundred birds under its rule, a sound at midnight splits the bamboo mountains. From Lin Jingxi's poem "Green Flower in Winter."

27. 杜鹃再拜忧天泪，精卫无穷填海心。黄遵宪《赠梁任父母同年》

27.杜鹃再次鞠躬泪洒忧天，精卫填海无休止的坚定之心。黄遵宪《赠梁任父母同年》

28. 居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。范仲淹《岳阳楼记》

28. When in high position, one worries about the people; when far away in the rivers and lakes, one worries about the ruler. — From the "Memoir of the Yangtze River and the Lake" by Fan Zhongyan.

29. 范增一去无谋主，韩信原来是逐臣。严遂成《乌江项王庙》

29. Fan Zeng left and there was no wise leader left, Han Xin was originally an expelled minister. Yan Suicheng's poem "Temple of Xiang Wang on the Wujiang River".

30. 山甫归应疾，留侯功复成。张九龄《奉和圣制送尚书燕国公赴朔方》

30. Shanfu returns to illness, Liu Hou's achievements are once again accomplished. (Zhang Jiuling's "Follow the Emperor's Edict to Send the Minister of Personnel Yan Guogong to the Shuofang Frontier")

31. 既秉上皇心，岂屑末代诮。谢灵运《七里濑》

31. Having held the heart of the former emperor, how could one deign to be mocked by the later generations? (This is a quote from Xie Lingyun's poem "The Seven Li Sluice").

32. 人情展转闲中看，客路崎岖倦后知。辛弃疾《鹧鸪天·送欧阳国瑞入吴中》

32. In leisure, one watches the twists and turns of human relationships; in the weary journey, one knows the ruggedness of the guest road. Xin Qiji, "Zige Tian · Farewell to Ouyang Guorui to Wu Zhong."

33. 人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。——文天祥《过零丁洋》

33. Since ancient times, who can escape death? Let the resolute heart illuminate the annals of history. — Wen Tianxiang, "Through the Ocean of Desolation"

34. 我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑！谭嗣同《狱中题壁》

34. I laugh at the sky with my sword in hand, my heart and liver are as vast as the Kunlun Mountains! Tan Sitong, "Written on the Wall of the Prison"

35. 玉梅消瘦，恨东皇命薄。汪元量《传言玉女·钱塘元夕》

35. The jade plum has become slender, hating the Eastern Emperor's slender fate. Wang Yuanliang, "The Message of the Jade maiden · Chinyang Yuanxiao"

36. 宰嚭亡吴国，西施陷恶名。崔道融《西施滩》

36. The death of Jia Bi led to the fall of the state of Wu, while Xi Shi was stained with a bad reputation. From Cui Daorong's poem "Xi Shi Beach":

37. 发表于《北京青年》，是80年代中期在长沙郊区望城县出土的唐瓷上发现的。

37. Published in "Beijing Youth," it was found on Tang Dynasty ceramics unearthed in Wangcheng County, a suburb of Changsha, in the mid-1980s.

38. 商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱《后庭花》杜牧《泊秦淮》

38. The merchant girl does not know the sorrow of her country's fall; across the river, she still sings "The Flowers of the Back Garden" (from "Mooring at Qinhuai" by Du Mu).

39. 一声何满子，双泪落君前。张祜《宫词·故国三千里》

39. A sound of He Manzi, tears fall before you. Zhang Hu, "The Poems of the Palace · Three Thousand Miles of the Ancient Country."

40. 感于战败的时局，看到花开而潸然泪下，内心惆怅怨恨，听到鸟鸣而心惊胆战。

40. Moved by the situation of defeat, seeing flowers brought tears to my eyes, feeling melancholic and resentful; hearing the chirping of birds caused me to be startled and afraid.

41. 愿得此身长报国，何须生入玉门关戴叔伦《塞上曲二首》

41. May I have this body to serve the country long, why should I need to enter the Jade Gate Pass alive? - Dai Shulun, "Two Poems on the Frontier"

42. 起望衣冠神州路，白日销残战骨。辛弃疾《贺新郎·用前韵送杜叔高》

42. Gazing from afar at the land of elegant attire, the sun fades the remnants of war bones. Xin Qiji's "Celebration of the New Year" (He Xinlang) Using the previous rhyme to send Du Shugao off.

43. 连绵的战火已经延续了一个春天，家书难得，一封抵得上万两黄金。

43. The continuous war has raged for a whole spring, and it is rare to receive a letter from home; one letter is worth ten thousand taels of gold.