1. ④鸡蛋碰石头← →以卵击石

1. ④ Egg meets stone ← → To challenge a formidable opponent with a featherweight argument

2. 俗语和成语，有时候也可能互相转化，并同时存在。例如：

2. Proverbs and idioms may sometimes transform into each other and coexist simultaneously. For example:

3. ◆不当家，不知柴米贵；不生子，不知父母恩。

3. ◆ He who has not managed a household does not know the value of firewood and rice; he who has not given birth does not know the love of parents.

4. 这类歇后语，是利用同音字或近音字相谐，由原来的意义引申出所需要的另一个意义。这类歇后语，往往要转几个弯，才能领悟它的意思。因而也更饶有兴味。

4. This type of idiom utilizes homophones or near-sound homophones to harmonize, deriving another required meaning from the original one. This type of idiom often requires several twists and turns to understand its meaning, making it all the more interesting.

5. 这类歇后语，一般是引用常见的典故、寓言和神话传说等作比方。上述两例，只要知道项羽、曹操故事的，一般也能了然。

5. This type of pun usually uses common allusions, fables, and mythological legends as metaphors. For the above two examples, if one is familiar with the stories of Xiang Yu and Cao Cao, they can generally understand them.

6. 另据研究，蜘蛛的腿能感知20—50赫频率的声音，当天气转晴时昆虫易活动，飞行时发出的嗡嗡声，蜘蛛蛛很快就会发觉，所以便添丝织网，准备捕捉。这正是民间用“蜘蛛挂网，久雨必晴”谚语来观测天气晴雨的道理。

6. According to research, the legs of spiders can perceive sounds with frequencies ranging from 20 to 50 Hz. When the weather becomes sunny, insects tend to be more active and emit buzzing sounds during flight. Spiders are quick to detect these sounds, so they spin silk to weave a web and prepare for capturing prey. This is the reason behind the folk saying "When the spider hangs its web, a long rainy period is sure to clear up," which is used to observe the weather.

7. ◆山是一步一步登上来的，船是一橹一橹摇出去的。

7.◆ The mountain was climbed step by step, and the boat was propelled by paddle stroke by paddle stroke.

8. 歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分构成，前半截是形象的比喻，象谜面，后半截是解释、说明，象谜底，十分自然贴切。

8. The idiom is a special language form created by the masses of people in their practical life. It generally consists of two parts: the first part is a vivid metaphor, akin to a riddle's question, and the second part is the explanation and clarification, similar to the riddle's answer, which is very natural and fitting.

9. 空棺材出葬 － <目（木）中无人>

9. Burial with an Empty Coffin -

10. 来自: 长征一号 (苏州)

10. From: Changzheng No. 1 (Suzhou)

11. ⑨怕噎了嗓子不吃饭← →因噎废食

11. ⑨Fear of choking on food and not eating ← →Discarding food due to choking

12. 不怕一万，就怕万一。

12. It's not the fear of a thousand things that matters, but the fear of one thing happening by chance.

13. 据观测，在我国许多地方。如见蜘蛛张网，阴雨天气将会转晴。如见蜘蛛收网，天气将转为阴雨。

13. Observation shows that in many places in our country, if a spider is seen spinning a web, it indicates that the rainy weather will turn sunny. Conversely, if a spider is seen retracting its web, it suggests that the weather will turn cloudy and rainy.

14. ①①一网打尽满河鱼← → 一网打尽

14. ①①A single net catches all the fish in the river← → A single net catches them all

15. ①城门失火，殃及池鱼（形象，八个字，成语→俗语）

15. ①When the city gate catches fire, it also burns the fish in the pond (figurative, eight characters, idiom → proverb)

16. 任何时代，都有诚实为本的道理。说真话、做实事是值得推崇的品质，诚实守信是做人的原则。

16. At any time, the principle of honesty is fundamental. Telling the truth and doing practical things are qualities that are worth promoting, and honesty and trustworthiness are principles of conduct.

17. 综上所述，谚语，俚语（描述性的俗语），歇后语，这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句，与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别，它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。

17. In summary, proverbs, colloquialisms (descriptive slang), and riddles form the whole of popular sayings. Popular sayings are oral in nature, distinct from idioms and proverbs of the written language, and they represent two major systems of Chinese: spoken and written language.

18. 弄堂里搬木头 － <直来直去>

18. Moving wood in the alley - <Straightforward>

19. 歇后语形式上是半截话（前半为形象或事例，后半为解释、说明），实际上是要把话说得更形象些，更具体些。因此，歇后语应该包括在俗语之内。不过，歇后语中的形象常常是漫画式的，带有戏谑调侃的色彩。它用种种修辞手段，对字、词、语、句（包括俗语本身）加以修饰，使之生动活泼。因而跟谚语、描述性俗语（改称俚语），又有些不同。如：

19. The idiom is in the form of a half-sentence (the first half being an image or example, and the second half being an explanation or clarification), but in reality, it is meant to make the words more vivid and more specific. Therefore, idioms should be included within the category of proverbs. However, the images in idioms are often cartoonish and carry a playful and teasing tone. They use various rhetorical devices to embellish words, phrases, sentences (including the proverbs themselves), making them lively and animated. Therefore, they are somewhat different from proverbs, descriptive idioms (also known as slang), etc. For example:

20. 冷水发面 － <没多大长劲>

20. Cold Water Noodles - <Not very energetic>

21. 歇后语、俏皮话，基本上是同义词。歇后语是语言学上的术语，俏皮话是口头上的称呼。

21. Puns and witticisms are basically synonyms. A pun is a linguistic term, while a witticism is a colloquial name for it.

22. 月无常圆，人无长寿。

22. The moon is not always round, and people are not always long-lived.

23. 有些图书把俗语、谚语并称为俗谚，把它们汇编在一起。汇编在一起是可以理解的，但二者并不相等。谚语只是俗语的一部分，它是一些总结知识经验，寓有思想意义的俗语。如：

23. Some books refer to proverbs and maxims as "popular sayings" and compile them together. It is understandable to compile them together, but they are not equal. A proverb is just a part of a popular saying; it is a popular saying that summarizes knowledge and experience, carrying an ideological meaning. For example:

24. 前人栽树，后人乘凉。

24. Those who plant trees for the future will enjoy the shade.

25. 懒婆娘的裹脚 -- <又长又臭>。

25. The foot binding of a lazy wife -- <Long and smelly>

26. 杀人偿命，伤人处刑。

26. Homicide is punished by death, and injury is penalized accordingly.

27. 楚霸王举鼎 － <力大无穷>

27. Xiang Yu lifting the tripod - <Infinite Strength>

28. 人活脸，树活皮。

28. A person lives by their face, a tree by its bark.

29. 花有谢时，筵有散时。

29. Flowers have their time to fade, and feasts have their time to disperse.

30. ◆一天不练手脚慢，两天不练丢一半，三天不练门外汉，四天不练瞪眼看。

30.◆ If you don't practice for a day, your hands and feet will slow down; if you don't practice for two days, you'll lose half of your skills; if you don't practice for three days, you'll become an outsider; and if you don't practice for four days, you'll just watch in disbelief.

31. 甲，先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐（书面语）

31. A, worry about the world's troubles before anyone else, and be joyful about the world's pleasures after everyone else (literary style).

32. 树怕空了心，人怕没良心。

32. Trees fear to have hollow cores, people fear to lack a conscience.

33. “早吃生姜晚吃萝卜，郎中先生急得哭”的谚语由来

33. The origin of the proverb "Eat ginger in the morning and radish in the evening, and the doctor will cry in a hurry."

34. ⑦鲁班门前弄大斧← →班门弄斧

34. ⑦ At Lu Ban's door, playing with a big axe ← → playing with a big axe at the door of the master craftsman's house

35. 格言也总结知识经验，寓有思想意义。但仔细区分，仍稍有不同。格言所总结的知识经验主要是社会方面的，多属逻辑思维，是哲理性的语句，常出自名人名著；而谚语总结的知识经验不限于社会方面，也包括自然科学、生产实践（如农谚），它出自人民群众之口，多属形象思维，是文学性的语言。这种区别，应该把格言归入书面语一类，把谚语归入口语一类。但是，也难免有交错的情况。

35. Proverbs also summarize knowledge and experience, and are imbued with ideological significance. However, upon careful distinction, there is still a slight difference. The knowledge and experience summarized by proverbs are mainly social in nature, belong to logical thinking, are philosophical in nature, and are often found in the works of famous people; while the knowledge and experience summarized by proverbs are not limited to the social aspect, but also include natural sciences, productive practices (such as agricultural sayings), and originate from the mouths of the people, mostly belonging to imaginative thinking, and are literary in language. This distinction should classify proverbs into the category of written language and proverbs into the category of spoken language. However, it is inevitable that there are some overlapping cases.

36. 西太后饮了三钱萝卜籽的药汤，当夜通了大便，第二天一早就起来了。她第一件事就是感谢神医曹沧洲，见面后恩赐曹沧洲九品顶戴，还要他骑马巡游京城，曹沧洲得了皇封，回乡时人未到家，地方官已经替他造好了三进房子。从此后，他在家专门为地方上乡亲看病，不但施诊，还要送药。逢人就劝人多吃萝卜，日子久了，苏州便有了"早吃生姜晚吃萝卜，郎中先生急得哭"的谚语了。

36. The Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi drank a medicinal decoction made with three qian of radish seeds, and that night she had a bowel movement. She got up early the next morning. Her first thing was to thank the famous doctor, Cao Cangzhou. After meeting him, she bestowed upon Cao Cangzhou the title of a nine-rank official, and asked him to ride around the capital city on horseback. With the imperial decree, by the time Cao Cangzhou returned to his hometown, the local officials had already built three compounds for him. From then on, he practiced medicine exclusively for his fellow villagers in his hometown, not only providing medical treatment but also supplying medicine. Whenever he met someone, he would advise them to eat more radishes. After a while, Suzhou had the proverb "Eat ginger in the morning and radish in the evening, and doctors will cry in a hurry."

37. ◆光说不练假把式，光练不说真把式，连说带练全把式。

37.◆ All talk and no action is a false display of skill, all action and no talk is a true display of skill, a combination of talking and practicing is a complete display of skill.

38. 蜘蛛能预测天气，主要是因蜘蛛对空气中湿度变化反应相当灵敏，在蜘蛛尾部有许多小吐丝器，吐丝器部分既粘又凉，当阴雨天气来临时，由于空气中湿度大，水汽多，水汽易在蜘蛛吐丝器部分凝结成小水珠，这样蜘蛛吐丝时感到困难，便停止放丝而收网。相反，当空气中湿度变小天气转好时，蜘蛛吐丝顺利，便张网捕虫了。

38. Spiders can predict the weather mainly because they are quite sensitive to changes in air humidity. Many small silk spindles are located at the tail of a spider, and these spindles are both sticky and cool. When rainy or cloudy weather approaches, due to the high humidity and abundant water vapor in the air, the water vapor tends to condense into small droplets on the spider's silk spindles. This makes it difficult for the spider to produce silk, so it stops releasing silk and closes its web. Conversely, when the humidity in the air decreases and the weather improves, the spider can produce silk smoothly and then spreads its web to catch insects.

39. 秋后的蚂蚁 － <蹦达不了几天>

39. Ants after autumn - <Can't hop around for long>

40. 歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色，浓郁的生活气息，幽默风趣，耐人寻味，为广大群众所喜闻乐见。

40. The idiom has distinct national characteristics, rich vitality, humor, and is thought-provoking, which is widely favored and appreciated by the general public.

41. ⑤不敢越雷池一步（形象，精练，七字，俗语← →成语）

41. ⑤ Do not cross the forbidden line even by a step (figurative, concise, seven-character idiom → idiom)

42. ◆不下水，一辈子不会游泳；不扬帆，一辈子不会撑船。

42. ◆ If you never dive into the water, you'll never learn to swim; if you never hoist the sail, you'll never learn to row a boat.

43. ②竹篮子打水，一场空（前为形象，后为解释，描述性俗语→俚语）

43. ②Carrying water in a bamboo basket, all effort is in vain (the former is an image, the latter is an explanation; a descriptive colloquialism → slang)

44. 养兵千日，用兵一时。

44. Raise soldiers for a thousand days, use them for a single moment.

45. 谚语是汉语民间文化的精髓之一，而增广贤文是经典的谚语集合，汇集了许多深刻的生活智慧。不断地学习，是不断成长的秘诀。只有不断更新知识，才能跟上时代的步伐。

45. Proverbs are one of the essences of Chinese folk culture, and "Zengguang Xianwen" is a classic collection of proverbs, gathering many profound insights into life. Continuous learning is the secret to constant growth. Only by continuously updating knowledge can one keep pace with the times.

46. 俗语是口语型的，成语是书面语型的。这些语例，兼有俗语和成语的某些特点，看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录，好在这种情况并不算多。

46. Proverbs are spoken language, and idioms are written language. These examples have certain characteristics of both proverbs and idioms, so it seems that both the dictionary of proverbs and the dictionary of idioms can include them, and fortunately, this kind of situation is not very common.

47. ③火烧眉毛顾眼前← →燃眉之急

47. ③Hair is on fire, focus on the immediate situation ← → Urgent as a burning eyebrow

48. 俚语，这个术语有时跟俗语相混，俚俗并称。这个“俚”，跟“乡里”之“里”有关，望文生义，也就是里人（乡下人）的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混，而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语，不如就借用“俚语”一词，来专指这些描述性的俗语。

48. Slang, this term is sometimes confused with proverbs, and they are often referred to together. The "slang" here is related to the character "里" in "乡里" (countryside), and by literal interpretation, it means "people of the locality" or "country folk." Slang often refers to local dialects with regional color. Since it is sometimes mixed up with proverbs, and "idioms" actually often refer to slang, it might be better to borrow the term "slang" to specifically refer to these descriptive colloquialisms.

49. 放蜂人百毒不侵。

49. The beekeeper is immune to all poisons.

50. 这类歇后语，是用实在的或想象的事情作比方。如果对设比事情的特点、情状有所了解，也自然能领悟后半截的"谜底"。

50. This kind of idiom uses actual or imaginary things as metaphors. If one understands the characteristics and circumstances of the things being compared, they can naturally grasp the "riddle" at the end.

51. 有的图书称之为“惯用语”，但所涉及的语言现象，却是“俚语”，如：背靠背、开夜车、乱弹琴、磨洋工、冤大头，等等。笔者以前在《俗语五千条》的前言中，曾用“熟语”来称呼描述性的俗语。熟语这一术语的定义，也不十分明确，有的辞典又把它当作高于俗语、成语的术语来使用，而它本身又跟“俗语”的读音近似，某些方言区甚至就是同音词，作为术语，自身有不足之处。再三斟酌，觉得不如用“俚语”来代替。

51. Some books call it "colloquialisms," but the language phenomena involved are actually "slang," such as: back to back, all nighters, playing the fiddle, shilly-shallying, a pushover, and so on. In the preface of my book "Five Thousand Popular Sayings," I used the term "idioms" to refer to descriptive colloquialisms. The definition of the term "idioms" is not very clear either; some dictionaries even use it as a term that is superior to slang and idioms, while it is also very similar in pronunciation to "slang," and in some dialect areas, it is even a homonym. As a term, it has its own shortcomings. After careful consideration, I think it is better to use the term "slang" instead.

52. 俗语，也称常言，俗话，这三者应该是同义词。俗语一词，已经普遍用作语言学的术语；常言一词，带有文言的色彩；俗话一词，则有口语的气息。

52. The saying, also known as common sayings or colloquialisms, are synonyms. The term "saying" has been widely used as a linguistic term; "common sayings" has a classical Chinese style; while "colloquialisms" have an oral flavor.

53. 一个巴掌打不响 -- <孤掌难鸣>；

53. One hand cannot make a sound -- .

54. 我们有理由认为，这是当时流行在民间的俗语，是出于一般人民的生活经验。这类古代的歇后语，虽然很少见于文字记载，但在民间流传相信是不少的。如钱大昕《恒言录》所载："千里寄鹅毛，物轻人意重，复斋所载宋时谚也。"这类歇后语，直到今天还继续为人们所使用。

流行于民间的俗语，源于一般人民的生活经验。这类古代的歇后语，尽管在文字记载中很少出现，但在民间流传相信是不少的。如钱大昕《恒言录》所载：“千里寄鹅毛，物轻人意重，复斋所载宋时谚也。”这类歇后语，直到今天还继续为人们所使用。

55. ⑩什么病吃什么药← →对症下药

55. ⑩ What illness requires what medicine? ← → Treatment according to the symptoms

56. 人怕江脸，树怕没皮。

56. People are afraid of the river's face, and trees are afraid of being stripped of their bark.

57. ①板凳没焐热← →席不暇暖

57. ①The bench is not yet warm enough to sit on ← → There's no time to sit comfortably on the席.

58. 歇后语，是我们中国人特有的智慧与趣味语言，也是民间爱用的一种语法。

58. The pun is a unique form of wisdom and humorous language among the Chinese people, and it is also a grammar frequently used by the folk.