1. 译文：用火来救火，用水来救水，这样做不但不能匡正，反而会增加（卫君的）过错。假借孔子教导颜回的话，来阐明一种处世之道。成语以火救火、以水救水出此。

Translation: 1. Using fire to put out a fire and water to quench water, this not only fails to rectify the situation but also adds to (Wei Jun's) fault. By paraphrasing Confucius' teachings to Yan Hui, this illustrates a way of dealing with the world. The idiom "using fire to extinguish fire, using water to quench water" originates from this.

2. 译文：天下的人都仅仅知道以美为美，这就是丑了。都仅仅知道以善为善，这就是恶了。有和无是相互依存的，难和易是相互促成的，长和短互为比较，高和下互为方向，声响和回音相呼应，前边与后边相伴随。此乃常情，故曰恒也。

2. Translation: All people in the world merely know beauty as beauty, and this is where ugliness arises. They merely know good as good, and this is where evil emerges. Existence and non-existence depend on each other, difficulty and ease mutually promote each other, length and shortness compare with each other, height and lowness mutually indicate direction, sounds and echoes resonate, and the front and the back accompany each other. This is the natural order of things, hence it is called constant.

3. 泉涸，鱼相与处于陆，相呴以湿，相濡以沫，不如相忘于江湖。

3. The spring has dried up, and the fish are together on land. They breathe with each other's moisture and wet each other with droplets, but it is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes.

4. 译文：天地有伟大的造化和功德而不言语，春夏秋冬四季有分明的规律而不议论，万物有自然形成的道理而不解说。办任何事都得遵循事物的发展规律。

4. Translation: The heavens and the earth possess great creation and virtue but remain silent; the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter have clear rhythms but do not comment; all things have the natural principles formed without explanation. In handling any matter, one must adhere to the laws of the development of things.

5. 译文：人取法地，地取法天，天取法道，道纯任自然。

5. Translation: Man takes the earth as his model, the earth takes the sky as its model, the sky takes the Tao as its model, and the Tao allows itself to be purely natural.

6. 甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗。邻国相望，鸡犬之声相闻，民到老死不相往来。

6. Enjoy the food, find pleasure in the clothing, feel at ease in their homes, and take delight in their customs. Neighboring countries can see each other across the horizon, the sound of chickens and dogs can be heard, yet the people may never meet or communicate from birth to old age.

7. 译文：自然的规律是，不斗争而善于取胜；不言语而善于应承；不召唤而自动到来，坦然而善于安排筹划。自然的范围，宽广无边，虽然宽疏但并不漏失。

7. Translation: The law of nature is that one wins without struggle; is adept at complying without words; comes of its own accord without being summoned; and is frank and skilled in arranging and planning. The scope of nature is vast and boundless, although it is broad and spacious, it does not miss a single detail.

8. 大意：过分的爱惜会招致巨大的付出，过多的拥有会招致沉重的损失。所以，知道满足就不会遭受困辱，知道适可而止便不会遇到危险，如此就可以长久安全了。

8. Meaning: Overly sparing will lead to great expenditure, and excessive possession will bring about heavy losses. Therefore, knowing when to be content will prevent suffering, and knowing when to stop will avoid danger. In this way, one can maintain long-term safety.

9. 译文：轻易就许下诺言的人必定容易失信于人，把事情看得很容易的人必定遇到很多想不到的困难。

9. Translation: People who make promises easily are bound to be unreliable in keeping them, and those who view things as very easy will undoubtedly encounter many unforeseen difficulties.

10. 译文：最方正的东西看不到它的棱角，越贵重的器具做成的越慢，最大的声音听不到声音，最大的形象没有形迹。

10. Translation: The most square thing cannot see its edges, the more valuable the utensil, the slower it is made, the loudest sound cannot be heard, and the greatest image has no trace.

11. 译文：相反相成，循环往复的运动变化，是道的运动，道的作用是微妙、柔弱的。天下的万物产生于看得见的有形质，有形质又产生于不可见的无形质。

11. Translation: The interplay of opposites, the recurring movement and change, is the movement of the Tao. The action of the Tao is subtle and weak. All things in the world are born from the visible tangible substances, and these tangible substances arise from the invisible intangible substances.

12. 人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

12. The law of humanity conforms to the earth, the law of the earth conforms to the heavens, the law of the heavens conforms to the Tao, and the law of the Tao conforms to the Way of Nature.

13. 如果我这一生不从轮回的苦海中解脱，渡到解脱的彼岸去。

13. If I am not freed from the suffering sea of samsara in this life, and do not cross over to the shore of liberation.

14. 不知周之梦为胡蝶与，胡蝶之梦为周与？周与胡蝶，则必有分矣。此之谓物化。

14. If we don't know whether Zhou's dream is a butterfly or whether the butterfly's dream is Zhou, then Zhou and the butterfly must have their distinct identities. This is what is called the "transformation of things."

15. 译文：因外物而扰乱自己的心志（这样，德性就没有了）。可玩物丧志。

15. Translation: Disturbing one's own mind due to external objects (in this way, virtue is lost). But one can lose one's ambition by indulging in trivial pursuits.

16. 全句大意：可以投身为人是很难得的，而且有在今生听到了佛法，真的是很不容易得来的因缘。如果，在今生不让自己得解脱，那不知又要等多少次投身成人，听到佛法便得以解脱了。

16. The full sentence means: It is rare to be able to be born as a human being, and it is truly not easy to have the opportunity to hear the Dharma in this life. If one does not allow oneself to be freed in this life, it is unknown how many more times one would have to be reborn as a human being before hearing the Dharma and being freed.

17. 译文：利用物而不受制于物，那么怎么可能会受牵累呢！

17. Translation: To use things without being enslaved by them, how could one possibly be burdened!

18. 知其不可奈何而安之若命，德之至也。

18. To accept what cannot be changed and be at peace with it as if it were fate, this is the pinnacle of virtue.

19. 译文：想要关闭它，就要先扩张它；想要削弱它，就要先强化它；想要废除它，就要先兴旺它；想要夺取一些东西，就要先给予一些东西。

19. Translation: To close it, you must first expand it; to weaken it, you must first strengthen it; to abolish it, you must first thrive it; to seize something, you must first give something.

20. 大寒既至，霜雪既降，吾是以知松柏之茂也。

20. With the arrival of the Great Cold and the descent of frost and snow, I thus come to know the luxuriance of pine and cypress trees.

21. 悲乐者，德之邪；喜怒者，道之过；好恶者，心之失。

21. Sorrow and joy are the deviations of virtue; anger and happiness are the excesses of the Tao; good and bad are the mistakes of the heart.

22. 译文：善于带兵打仗的将帅，不逞其勇武；善于打仗的人，不轻易被激怒；善于胜敌的人，不与敌人正面冲突；善于用人的人，对人表示谦下。这叫做不与人争的品德，这叫做运用别人的能力，这叫做符合自然的道理。

22. Translation: A general skilled in leading troops and waging war does not overplay his bravery; a person skilled in fighting does not easily get angry; a person skilled in defeating enemies does not confront them directly; a person skilled in using people shows humility towards others. This is called the virtue of not competing with others, this is called utilizing the abilities of others, and this is called conforming to the laws of nature.

23. 是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨。

23. Therefore, in the governance of the sage, he empties people's hearts, fills their bellies, weakens their desires, and strengthens their bones.

24. 古代道家是一种思想流派，最早追溯到上古时期。春秋时，老子集古圣先贤之大智慧，总结了古老的道家思想的精华，认为“道”是世界的最高真理，“道”是宇宙万物的本源，“道”是宇宙万物赖以生存的依据。

24. Ancient Taoism is a school of thought that can be traced back to the ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn period, Laozi, with the great wisdom of ancient sages and worthies, summarized the essence of ancient Taoist thought and believed that "the Tao" is the highest truth in the world, "the Tao" is the origin of all things in the universe, and "the Tao" is the basis for the survival of all things in the universe.

25. 物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。

25. When a thing is strong, it will age, which is called not the way (of nature), and the way that is not the way will soon perish.

26. 知足者不以利自累也，审自得者失之而不惧，行修于内者无位而不怍。

26. The contented are not burdened by profit, the discerning are not afraid when they lose and do not fear when they are without a position.

27. 译文：一个人如果迷失在物质世界中，在世俗里失去了自己的真性情，这个人就是本末倒置之人。

27. Translation: If a person becomes lost in the material world and loses their true nature amidst the secular world, this person is one who has misplaced the priority of things.

28. 小知不及大知，小年不及大年。

28. The lesser knowledge does not compare to the greater knowledge, and the shorter years do not compare to the longer years.

29. 译文：能够了解他人的人是有智慧的，能够了解自己的人是高明的。能够战胜他人的人是有力量的，能够战胜自我的人是真正的强者。

29. Translation: One who can understand others is wise, and one who can understand oneself is discerning. One who can conquer others is strong, but one who can conquer oneself is truly powerful.

30. 译文：不知是庄周梦中变成蝴蝶呢，还是蝴蝶梦中变成庄周呢？庄周与蝴蝶那必定是有区别的。这就叫物、我的交合与变化。

30. Translation: It is unknown whether Zhuang Zhou transformed into a butterfly in a dream, or whether the butterfly transformed into Zhuang Zhou in a dream. There must be a distinction between Zhuang Zhou and the butterfly. This is what is called the intermingling and transformation of things and the self.

31. 译文：我有三种法宝，掌握并保持它：第一是仁慈，第二是俭啬，第三是不敢在天下争先。

31. Translation: I have three treasures, which I master and maintain: the first is kindness, the second is frugality, and the third is not to vie for precedence in the world.

32. 道家用“道”来探究自然、社会、人生之间的关系。道家代表人物有盘古、伏羲、女娲、广成子、黄帝、炎帝 、老子、庄子、列子、鬼谷子、张良、张道陵、司马徽、诸葛亮等等英雄人物。

32. Taoists use the concept of "Dao" to explore the relationships between nature, society, and life. Famous Taoist figures include Pangu, Fu Xi, Nuwa, Guang Chengzi, Huangdi, Yan帝, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Guiguzi, Zhang Liang, Zhang Daoling, Sima Hui, Zhuge Liang, and many other heroic characters.

33. 译文：山上的树木皆因材质可用而招致砍伐，油脂皆因可以燃烧照明而自取熔煎。桂树皮芳香可以食用，因而遭到砍伐；树漆因为可以派上用场，所以遭受刀斧割裂。人人都知道有用的用处，却不知道无用的用处。

33. Translation: The trees on the mountain are cut down due to their usable material, and the oils are melted and burned for lighting. The bark of the cassia tree is fragrant and edible, hence it is chopped down; the lacquer is sliced and split because it has uses. Everyone knows the uses of the useful, but not the uses of the useless.

34. 译文：如果情绪上放纵自己悲伤或快乐，那么自身的德行就会不正；如果不能控制自己的喜怒，那么就无法体悟大道；如果心存好恶，那么最原初的心性就会缺失。

34. Translation: If one indulges in sadness or joy emotionally, then one's virtue will be unrighteous; if one cannot control one's joy and anger, then one cannot comprehend the Great Path; and if one holds biases towards good and evil, then the original nature of the heart will be missing.

35. 我有三宝，持而保之：一曰慈，二曰俭，三曰不敢为天下先。

35. I possess three treasures, which I hold and protect: One is kindness, two is frugality, and three is not daring to be the first among the people of the world.

36. 译文：一尺长的鞭杖，每天截取一半，永远也截不完。物质可无限分割。

36. Translation: A whip rod 1 chi in length, cutting off half every day, it will never be finished. Matter can be infinitely divided.

37. 译文：悲痛与欢乐，会使德性流于邪僻；不忘喜怒，会以道为过错；陷入好恶，会丧失道德。

37. Translation: Grief and joy can lead virtue to deviance; to forget喜怒 will regard the path as fault; to be caught up in likes and dislikes will lose one's morality.

38. 庖人虽不治庖，尸祝不越樽俎而代之矣。

38. Even if the cook does not manage the kitchen, the sacrificer will not step over the wine cups and plates to take his place.

39. 天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。

39. The heavens and the earth are not benevolent; they treat all things as straw dogs. The sage is not benevolent; he treats the people as straw dogs.

40. 译文：对待结束时的工作，还像开始时一样认真，则做任何事都没有不成功的。

Translation: If one treats the work at the end with the same seriousness as at the beginning, there is nothing that cannot be successfully accomplished.

41. 译文：人生在天地之间，就像透过缝隙看到白马飞驰而过，不过一瞬间罢了。成语白驹过隙出此。人生知促，切勿浪费。

41. Translation: Living between heaven and earth, one feels like seeing a white horse galloping past through a crack in an instant. This is where the idiom "white horse passing through the crack" comes from. Life is short, so do not waste it.

42. 译文：使心灵达到虚的极致，坚守住静的妙境，就能从万物的变化中看到大道的存在。

42. Translation: To reach the extreme emptiness of the mind, and to steadfastly maintain the wonder of tranquility, one can perceive the existence of the Great Way in the changes of all things.

43. 译文：泉水干涸，鱼儿困在陆地相互依偎，以唾沫相互湿润求得生存，（此时此境）却不如彼此不相识，各自畅游于江湖。

43. Translation: The spring dried up, the fish stranded on land, clinging to each other, moistening themselves with spittle in a bid to survive. In such a situation, it would have been better if they had never met, freely swimming in the rivers and lakes.

44. 指穷于为薪，火传也，不知其尽也。

44. The fingers are exhausted in gathering wood, and the fire is passed on, but its end is not known.

45. 祸莫大于不知足，咎莫大于欲得。故知足之足，常足矣。

45. The greatest misfortune is not knowing when to be satisfied, and the greatest fault is wanting more. Therefore, the satisfaction derived from knowing when to be content is always sufficient.

46. 译文：上等的人闻道便努力去践行，中等的人闻道则将信将疑，下等的人闻道会哈哈大笑，不笑不足以是大道。

46. Translation: The superior person hears the way and strives to practice it; the median person hears the way and is both convinced and skeptical; the inferior person hears the way and laughs heartily, and if they don't laugh, it's not the great way.