1. 省略号的六种用法：①表内容省略 ②表语言断续 ③表因抢白话未说完 ④表心情矛盾 ⑤表思维跳跃 ⑥表思索正在进行

1. Six uses of the ellipsis: ① To indicate the omission of content; ② To indicate a pause in language; ③ To indicate that a sentence was interrupted before it was finished; ④ To indicate conflicting emotions; ⑤ To indicate a jump in thought; ⑥ To indicate that thought is ongoing.

2. 欲得长生，肠中常清。

2. To attain longevity, keep the intestines always clean.

3. 议论文有论点、论据、论证三个要素。一篇议论文，无论是立论、驳论还是两者相结合，都有明确的论点。议论文的论据包括事实和道理两种基本形式。论点和论据是通过论证组织起来的。那么，怎样阅读议论文呢？

3. An argumentative essay consists of three essential elements: the thesis, the evidence, and the argumentation. Whether an argumentative essay is a thesis, refutation, or a combination of both, it has a clear thesis. The evidence in an argumentative essay includes two basic forms: facts and reasons. The thesis and the evidence are organized through argumentation. So, how should one read an argumentative essay?

4. ⒊语文基础要有（例如八大修辞，基本表达方式，论证方法，说明方法，论证、记叙、说明的不同等等）

4. The basic knowledge of Chinese language should include (for example, the eight types of rhetorical devices, basic modes of expression, argumentation methods, descriptive methods, and the differences between argumentation, narration, and description, etc.).

5. 七种说明方法：举例子、 打比方、 作比较、 列数字、分类别、 下定义、作引用。

5. Seven methods of explanation: giving examples, making analogies, making comparisons, listing numbers, categorizing, defining, and quoting.

6. 七种短语类型：并列短语、 偏正短语、 主谓短语、 动宾短语、后补短语、的字短语、介宾短语。

6. Seven types of phrases: coordinate phrases, attributive phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, "of" phrases, and prepositional object phrases.

7. 吃米带点糠，营养又健康。

7. Eating rice with a bit of bran is nutritious and healthy.

8. 一顿吃伤，十顿喝汤。

8. A meal of injury, ten meals of soup to heal.

9. 狂饮伤身，暴食伤胃。

9. Excessive drinking harms the body, and overeating harms the stomach.

10. 吃要有所节制，饮需适可而止。

10. Eat with moderation and drink to a reasonable limit.

11. 说明文是以介绍知识为目的的，因此说明文阅读测试的目标就是理解，包括对词语的理解、对句子的理解、对说明中心的理解、对说明顺序的理解、对说明方法的理解等。由于任何知识的介绍都离不开概念，而介绍高科技知识的文章中新概念又特别多，所以，准确理解概念的含义是解答说明文阅读试题的一个关键。

11. Expository writing is aimed at introducing knowledge, therefore, the goal of the reading test for expository writing is to understand, including the understanding of words, sentences, the main focus of explanation, the order of explanation, and the methods of explanation, etc. Since any introduction of knowledge cannot do without concepts, and there are particularly many new concepts in articles introducing high-tech knowledge, accurate understanding of the meaning of concepts is a key to answering the questions in the expository reading test.

12. 分析论据论据是被论点统率，为论点服务的。常用的论据有两种类型———事实论据和道理论据。

12. Analysis of arguments: Arguments are governed by the thesis and serve the thesis. There are two types of commonly used arguments — factual arguments and logical arguments.

13. 例：《孔乙己》发展部分叙写孔乙己第一次到咸亨酒店喝酒遭人耻笑的情景，通过刻画孔乙己的肖像、神态、动作、语言等，揭示其贫困潦倒、自欺欺人、迂腐可笑、死要面子、好逸恶劳的思想性格。

13. Example: In the development part of "Kong Yiji," the scene of Kong Yiji's first visit to Xianheng Hotel to drink and being laughed at by others is described. Through the depiction of Kong Yiji's portrait, expressions, actions, and language, his thought and character of poverty, self-deception, pedantry, obsession with face, and aversion to work are revealed.

14. 自学反思:习惯对我们的生活有绝大的影响，因为它是一贯的。在不知不觉中，经年累月地影响着我们的品德，暴露出我们的本性，左右着我们的成败。教育就是养成习惯!作为小学教师应教书育人双管齐下,更注重帮助学生从小养成良好的生活习惯和学习习惯,在小学阶段我认为"习惯教育"就先实施,它高于一切其它教育!为他们成功的人生奠定有效的基础!并结合性格与气度,因性格左右命运，气度影响格局!

14. Self-study Reflection: Habits have a tremendous impact on our lives because they are consistent. Unconsciously, they affect our character over the years, revealing our true nature, and influencing our success or failure. Education is about cultivating habits! As a primary school teacher, one should combine teaching and nurturing, with a focus on helping students develop good habits of living and learning from a young age. In the primary school stage, I believe that "habit education" should be implemented first, as it is more important than any other form of education! It lays a solid and effective foundation for their successful lives! And in combination with personality and demeanor, since personality shapes destiny, and demeanor influences one's outlook!

15. 细细品味这些名人所说的话，可见习惯人的一生中的重要性，因此，要具有一个良好的行为习惯必须从小抓起，不论好习惯还是坏习惯，特别是一些不良的习惯，一旦养成很难改变。所以，学校教育应该同学生家长一同配合，共同来培养学生良好的习惯，这可以说当务之急，刻不容缓，这要比多考几分多拿几个优秀重要得多。

15. Deliberately savoring the words spoken by these celebrities reveals the importance of habits in one's life. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate good habits from a young age, regardless of whether they are good or bad habits, especially those bad habits that are difficult to change once formed. Hence, school education should be coordinated with the students' parents to jointly foster good habits among students. This can be said to be an urgent matter that cannot be delayed, and it is far more important than scoring a few more points or earning more excellent grades.

16. 这些例句都是广为流传的、简洁而富有表现力的语句，可以用来描述人、事、物和情感，也具有一定的启示性和教育意义。

16. These examples are widely circulated, concise, and expressive sentences that can be used to describe people, things, objects, and emotions, and also possess a certain amount of enlightenment and educational significance.

17. 做一件好事并不难,难的是养成一种做好事的习惯。——Aristotle

17. It is not difficult to do a good deed; what is difficult is to cultivate the habit of doing good. — Aristotle

18. 2其他:开篇点题,奠定全文的感情基调;总领全文或引起下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫

18. 2 Other: Introduce the theme and establish the emotional tone of the entire text; summarize the entire text or lead into the next part, preparing for the development of the subsequent plot.

19. 引号的四种用法：①表引用 ②表讽刺或否定

19. Four uses of quotation marks: ① To indicate quotation ② To indicate irony or negation

20. ①举例论证：列举确凿、充分、有代表性的事例证明论点；

20. ①Illustration and argumentation: listing solid, sufficient, and representative examples to prove the argument.

21. 语言运用三原则：简明、 连贯、 得体。

21. Three principles of language application: clarity, coherence, and appropriateness.

22. 二种论据形式：事实论据、 道理论据。

22. Two types of argumentative forms: factual arguments, and rational arguments.

23. 六种人物的描写方法：肖像描写、语言描写、行动描写、心理描写、细节描写、神态描写。

23. Methods of describing six types of characters: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description, and expression description.

24. 人们渴望上天赋予自己高智商，盼望拥有大智慧，却往往忽略了最大的智慧——习惯。

24. People yearn for high intelligence bestowed upon them by heaven and long for great wisdom, yet often neglect the greatest wisdom – habit.

25. 记叙的三种顺序：顺叙、 倒叙、 插叙。（ 补叙属于插叙一种）。

25. Three types of narrative order: chronological order, reverse order, and insertion order. (Supplementary narrative belongs to the insertion order.)

26. 具有启示性：俗语常常蕴含着人生哲理和启示，能够引导人们正确地看待世界和生活，提高人们的思想境界和人生素养。

26. Inspiring: Proverbs often contain life philosophy and insights, which can guide people to correctly view the world and life, and improve people's ideological level and quality of life.

27. 习惯，我们每个人或多或少都是它的奴隶。-- 作者： 高 汀

27. Habit, to a greater or lesser extent, is the master of each of us. -- Author: Gao Ting

28. 气大伤神，食多伤身。

28. Anger consumes the spirit, overeating harms the body.

29. 多吃蔬菜少吃肉，粗米淡饭能长寿。

29. Eat more vegetables and less meat; a coarse rice diet can lead to longevity.

30. 句子的四种用途：陈述句、 疑问句、 祈使句、 感叹句。

30. The four uses of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences.

31. 习惯真是一种顽强而巨大的力量，它可以主宰人的一生。 ------培根

31. Habit is truly a stubborn and powerful force, capable of dominating one's entire life. ------Bacon

32. 第二，技巧啊，有一个技巧就是——可以用原文的句子回答的，就用原文回答；或者用跟原文意思相近的句子回答。所以得注意前后文的联系，这段提到的这个问题也许答案就在下一段。还有一个技巧就是在试题中找答案，比如有时候会有这样的选择题——“以下关于本文的几个说法，哪个是错误/正确的？”认真看选项，有助于你理解文章。

32. Secondly, regarding techniques, one technique is that—when you can answer using the original sentence, use the original sentence; or use a sentence that is similar in meaning to the original. Therefore, one must pay attention to the context, and the answer to this question mentioned in this paragraph may be in the next paragraph. Another technique is to find the answer in the test questions, for example, there may be such a multiple-choice question sometimes—“Which of the following statements about this article is wrong/correct?” Paying close attention to the options can help you understand the article.

33. 这首小诗说明了一颗钉子与一个国家的关系。细细品味，可以发现小诗里蕴含着一个大哲理，那就是：要想成功，必须从小事做起，而良好习惯的养成，也惟有从小事做起才行。诚如教育家蒙台梭利所说： “三岁决定一生。”

33. This little poem illustrates the relationship between a nail and a country. Careful contemplation will reveal that the poem contains a profound philosophy: to achieve success, one must start from the little things, and the cultivation of good habits can only be done through starting from the little things. As the educator Maria Montessori said: "Three years determine a lifetime."

34. 例2：《我的叔叔于勒》高潮和结局部分通过描写两处对比鲜明海上景象，分别衬托出人物欢快和失落、沮丧的心情。

34. Example 2: In the climax and conclusion of "My Uncle Yule," two contrasting sea scenes are described to respectively highlight the characters' cheerful and despondent, melancholic emotions.

35. 心理学巨匠威廉詹姆士说：“播下一个行动，收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。”

35. The great psychologist William James said, "Sow an act, and you reap a habit; sow a habit, and you reap a character; sow a character, and you reap a destiny."

36. 简短明了：俗语通常由几个字组成，简洁明了，表达意思精准，易于记忆和传播。

36. Brief and to the point: Proverbs are usually composed of a few words, concise and clear, expressing meanings accurately, easy to remember and spread.

37. 要想身体好，早餐要吃饱。

37. In order to maintain good health, one should have a hearty breakfast.

38. 少吃多滋味，多吃伤肠胃。

38. Less is more in taste, but more can harm the intestines and stomach.

39. 四种论证方法：举例论证、 道理论证、 比喻论证、 对比论证。

39. Four types of argumentation methods: exemplification argument, theoretical argument, analogy argument, and comparative argument.

40. 在阅读中还要注意的一点就是不少同学基础知识的记忆能力较强，但迁移能力比较弱，特别是对有关字、词、句的语境义以及作用之类的题目感到为难。这里，提供十六字诀的解题方法供你参考。

40. Another point to note while reading is that many students have strong memory capabilities for basic knowledge, but weak transfer skills, especially when it comes to problems related to the contextual meaning and functions of words, phrases, and sentences. Here, I provide a sixteen-character solution method for you to refer to.

41. 少吃荤，多吃素，健康又幸福。

41. Eat less meat and more vegetables, which leads to both health and happiness.

42. 选材以课外为主，材料内容贴近学生生活；考查的能力主要是理解能力、概括能力，要求能整体感知其主要内容，把握文章的论点、论据、论证，了解其基本思路，领会语言表达效果，并能进行概括和表述；在此基础上，能创造性阅读，完成开放性的题目。

42. The selection of materials focuses mainly on extracurricular content, which is close to students' daily lives; the abilities examined primarily include comprehension and summarization skills. It is required that students be able to grasp the main content as a whole, understand the arguments, evidence, and reasoning of the text, comprehend its basic思路, appreciate the effectiveness of language expression, and be able to summarize and express it. On this basis, students should be able to engage in creative reading and complete open-ended questions.

43. 吃千吃万，不如吃粥吃饭。

43. No matter how many dishes you try, there's nothing like a bowl of congee and a meal.

44. ⑧反问--起强调作用，增强肯定（否定）语气 在现实生活中，我们常常需要对人、事、物或某些现象表明态度，发表意见，阐述观点，这就是议论。以议论为主要表达方式的文章就叫议论文，也叫论说文。这种文体有较高的实用价值，报纸杂志中的社论、评论、杂感等，还有生活中的演讲、辩论等都属于这种文体。

44. ⑧ Rhetorical Question – Used for Emphasis, Enhancing Affirmative (Negative) Tone In real life, we often need to express our attitudes, opinions, and viewpoints on people, events, objects, or certain phenomena, which is what we call discussion. Articles that primarily use discussion as their mode of expression are known as argumentative essays or expository essays. This style of writing has a high practical value. The editorials, comments, and essays in newspapers and magazines, as well as speeches and debates in everyday life, all belong to this genre.

45. 阅读过程本身就是获取信息的过程，阅读质量的高低取决于捕捉信息的多少。做题时可先看看文章的作者、写作时间和文后注释等内容，同时特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣度出文章大概主旨是什么。如果是小说，则要主语其人物、情节等，如果是议论文，则要着重把握论点、论据、论证等要素。了解作者的主要写作意图后再整体把握全文，对解题也就心中有数了。

45. The process of reading itself is a process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on the amount of information captured. When doing exercises, you can first look at the author of the article, the time of writing, and the notes at the end of the article, and especially browse through the questions asked at the end. Try to guess the general theme of the article from the options in the questions. If it is a novel, pay attention to its characters and plot; if it is an argumentative essay, focus on grasping the elements such as the thesis, evidence, and argumentation. After understanding the main writing intention of the author, grasp the whole text as a whole, which will help you have a clear idea about solving the questions.

46. “人的行为总是一再重复。因此，卓越不是单一的举动，而是习惯。”所以，在实现成功的过程中，除了要不断激发自己的成功欲望，要有信心、有热情、有意志、有毅力等之外，还应该搭上习惯这一成功的快车，实现自己的目标。

46. "Human behavior is always repeated over and over again. Therefore, excellence is not a single act, but a habit." So, in the process of achieving success, in addition to constantly stimulating one's desire for success, having confidence, passion, willpower, perseverance, and so on, one should also board the express train of success through habits, and achieve one's goals.

47. 会吃千顿香，不会吃一顿伤。

47. It's better to eat a thousand mouthfuls of delicious food than to be hurt by one bite.

48. 先说白杨树不是“好女子”，而后称颂其是“伟丈夫”，更突出的强调了白杨树的外在形象和内在神韵

48. First, it states that the poplar tree is not a "good woman," and then praises it as a "great man," further emphasizing the external image and internal charm of the poplar tree.

49. 饭吃三碗，不饱不饿；衣穿三件，不冷不热。

49. Eating three bowls of rice, one is neither full nor hungry; wearing three clothes, one is neither too cold nor too hot.

50. 八种复句类型：①并列复句 ②转折复句 ③条件复句 ④递进复句 ⑤选择复句 ⑥因果复句 ⑦假设复句 ⑧承接复句

50. Types of eight complex sentences: ① Coordinate complex sentence ② Conditional complex sentence ③ Conditional complex sentence ④ Progressive complex sentence ⑤ Disjunctive complex sentence ⑥ Causal complex sentence ⑦ Hypothetical complex sentence ⑧ Sequential complex sentence

51. 环境 主要理解自然环境和社会环境的作用。

51. Environment: mainly understand the role of natural environment and social environment.

52. 伟大的思想家培根在其《培根论人生》著作中，专门论述习惯与命运的关系。人们的行动，多半取决于习惯。一切天性和诺言，都不如习惯有力，在这一点上，也许只有宗教的狂热可与之相比。除此之外，几乎所有的人力都难战胜它。

52. The great thinker Bacon devoted a special section of his work "Essays on Human Life" to discussing the relationship between habits and fate. People's actions are largely determined by habits. All natures and promises are not as powerful as habits, and on this point, perhaps only religious fervor can be compared to it. Besides that, almost all human efforts find it hard to conquer it.

53. 句不离段。也就是说，对句子的分析理解不能离开具体的语段，不能离开具体的语言环境。如果离开具体的语段，离开具体的语言环境，许多句子只能狭隘的理解甚至于不知所云。只有结合具体的语段和语言环境，才会知道这句话在全文中占着什么样的位置。

53. A sentence cannot be separated from its paragraph. This means that the analysis and understanding of a sentence cannot be done without reference to the specific paragraph, and cannot be done without considering the specific linguistic environment. If it is separated from the specific paragraph and linguistic environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense, or even be meaningless. Only by combining the specific paragraph and linguistic environment can one know what position this sentence occupies in the entire text.

54. 10结尾议论性句子的作用:总结全文,照应开头,点明中心,深化主题

54. The role of argumentative sentences ending with the number 10: Summarize the entire text, correspond to the beginning, clarify the center, and deepen the theme.

55. 情节 主要了解各部分的基本内容及理解、分析小说情节的方法、技巧。

55. Content: Mainly understand the basic content of each part and the methods and skills for understanding and analyzing the plot of the novel.

56. 臭鱼烂虾是冤家，饮食干净百病防。

56. Stinky fish and rotten shrimp are enemies, and clean eating prevents all diseases.

57. 五种表达方式：记叙、 描写、 说明、 抒情、 议论。

57. Five modes of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism, and argumentation.

58. 六种逻辑顺序：①总←→分 ②现象←→本质 ③原因←→ 结果④慨括←→具体 ⑤部分←→整体 ⑥主要←→次要

58. Six types of logical sequence: ①General ←→ Specific ②Phenomenon ←→ Essence ③Cause ←→ Result ④Generalization ←→ Concrete ⑤Part ←→ Whole ⑥Major ←→ Minor

59. 关于"联系本文,谈谈你的认识/对什么什么问题的看法"以及"解释一下这个句子的含义"等题型应该怎样答

59. Regarding the types of questions such as "Connect this article and share your understanding/what are your views on such and such issues" or "Explain the meaning of this sentence," how should one answer them?

60. 3运用比喻拟人等修辞的作用:运用了……的修辞,生动形象地写出了……

60. 3 The function of using rhetorical devices such as metaphor and personification: The use of ... rhetorical devices vividly and vividly describes ...

61. 如果可以，尝试复述文章内容，体会作者那样表达的好处。不知不觉中，在做阅读时便能体会出题人的意图了，这样，就可以抓住要点答题，简明扼要，使批卷老师眼前一亮，高分到手。

61. If possible, try to retell the content of the article and appreciate the benefits of the author's expression. Unconsciously, while reading, you can understand the intention of the question setter. In this way, you can grasp the key points and answer the questions succinctly, making the teacher who marks the papers take notice and score high.

62. 民以食为天，食以味为先。

62. The people consider food as the most important thing, and taste is the priority in food.

63. 6设问句的作用:引起读者的注意和思考,引出下文,承上启下

63. The function of interrogative sentences: to attract the reader's attention and stimulate thought, to lead into the following text and bridge the gap between the previous and subsequent content.

64. 阅读说明文的羁绊态度应该是理性的，而不是感性的。

64. The attitude towards reading expository texts should be rational rather than emotional.

65. 阅读大段文章主要用精读的方法，需逐字逐句推敲揣摩，故平时练习要养成圈点勾画、多做记号的习惯，可以先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，和哪些语句有关。确定某一答题区域后，再仔细弄懂这一段每一句的意思，进而理清段落之间的关系，了解行文思路。有了这一习惯就有可能形成较强分析综合能力。阅读时反复琢磨题干，圈画与之相关的内容，答题时就不需要再从头至尾搜寻，可节省不少宝贵时间。

65. Reading long articles mainly requires the method of intensive reading, which involves analyzing and contemplating each word and sentence. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate the habit of underlining and making marks during daily practice. You can first look at the questions to identify which paragraphs or sections of the text they are related to, and which statements are involved. After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in that paragraph, and then clarify the relationships between paragraphs and understand the writing思路. With this habit, it is possible to develop a strong ability of analysis and synthesis. When reading, repeatedly ponder over the question stem, underline the related content, and when answering the questions, you won't have to search from the beginning to the end, which can save a lot of valuable time.

66. 四种文学体裁：小说、 诗歌、 戏剧、 散文。

66. Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama, prose.

67. 上床萝卜，下床姜。

67. "Up in bed, radish; down from bed, ginger."

68. 4运用排比的作用:增强语言启示,生动形象地写出了……

68. 4 Utilize the effect of parallelism: enhance the language's inspiration, vividly and graphically depicting...

69. 流传广泛：俗语是民间文化的重要组成部分，广泛流传于各个地区和群体之间。

69. Widespread Spread: Proverbs are an important part of folk culture, widely spread among various regions and groups.

70. 小说三要素：人物（根据能否表现小说主题思想确定主要人物）情节（开端 /发展 /高潮 /结局 ） 环境（自然环境/ 社会环境。）

70. The three elements of a novel: Characters (determined as main characters based on their ability to express the thematic ideas of the novel) Plot (beginning / development / climax / ending) Environment (natural environment / social environment.)

71. 六种病句类型：①成分残缺 ②搭配不当 ③关联词语使用不恰当 ④前后矛盾 ⑤语序不当 ⑥误用 滥用虚词（介词）

71. Six types of grammatical errors: ① incomplete elements ② improper collocation ③ inappropriate use of conjunctions ④ contradictions between the front and back parts ⑤ incorrect word order ⑥ misuse and overuse of empty words (prepositions)

72. 饭吃八成饱，老来胃肠好。

72. Eat to 80% of fullness, and your digestive system will be good in your old age.

73. 找准论点论点是作者对议论的问题所持的见解和主张，是议论文的灵魂。议论文一般只有一个中心论点，有的议论文还围绕中心论点提出几个分论点。有些文章，标题就是中心论点，如《俭以养德》；有的文章开头就提出论点，如《谈骨气》一开头就提出了“我们中国人是有骨气的”；有些文章的中心论点出现在篇末；有些文章则是在论述过程中提出中心论点，如《想和做》；也有些文章对论点的表述不很集中，这就需要读者从诸多的信息中筛选提取，归纳概括。

73. The central argument is the author's views and assertions on the issue at hand, and it is the soul of an argumentative essay. Generally, an argumentative essay has only one central argument, while some essays also present several subordinate arguments around the central one. Some articles have the title as the central argument, such as "Frugality Cultivates Virtue"; others propose the argument in the opening, like "On Bone Spirit" which begins with "We Chinese people have spirit"; in some articles, the central argument appears at the end of the piece; and in some, the central argument is proposed during the course of argumentation, such as "Thinking and Doing"; there are also articles where the expression of the argument is not very focused, and this requires readers to screen, extract, and summarize the information from various sources.

74. ⒎阅读和作文一样，是语文综合知识的运用，要上去，语文的综合素质就一定要提高。文学源自生活，所以，多观察生活中的现象，多思考生活的问题，在读书时便和作者产生共鸣，在做一些写感悟的题时便有话要说了

74. Just like writing, reading is the application of comprehensive knowledge in language. To improve in this area, one's comprehensive language quality must also be enhanced. Literature originates from life, so by observing phenomena in life and contemplating life's problems more, one can resonate with the author while reading and have something to say when writing reflective essays.

75. 五谷杂粮身体壮，青菜萝卜保健康。

75. A healthy body comes from eating a variety of grains and cereals, and greens and radishes keep you healthy.