1. 反映了农业生产发展过程对自然条件的依赖性。不违农时，适时播种，是进行农业生产的先决条件，从原始的刀耕火种到现代化的机器耕种，农业技术起了多么大的变化，只有适时播种是不能任意改变的。为了正确掌握农时，几千年来劳动人民总结了丰富的经验，经受了足够的教训，因而以时令为中心的农谚竟占到40%左右。旱、涝、风、寒等自然灾害在小农经济的封建社会时期，更是无法克服的莫大威胁，因此企图掌握自然灾害规律的农谚也占到1/4。

1. Reflects the dependence of the agricultural production development process on natural conditions. Not violating the agricultural season and sowing at the right time is a prerequisite for agricultural production. From the primitive slash-and-burn to modern machinery cultivation, how great the changes in agricultural technology have been, yet sowing at the right time cannot be arbitrarily changed. In order to correctly grasp the agricultural season, over thousands of years, the working people have summarized rich experience and endured sufficient lessons, thus, proverbs centered around the seasons account for about 40%. In the feudal society period of small-scale farming economy, natural disasters such as droughts, floods, winds, and colds were an insurmountable threat, and therefore, proverbs attempting to master the laws of natural disasters also accounted for a quarter.

2. 东虹日头西虹雨。

2. If the sun is in the east, there will be rain in the west.

3. 73大暑，小暑，傻傻分不清楚。热度，热毒，大夏天太难度。大暑天空调电扇开起来，也别忘了锻炼休息活得精彩！

3. The Great Heat, the Minor Heat, they're all so confusing. With the heat and the heat poison, it's particularly hard in the height of summer. Even when the air conditioning and fans are turned on during the Great Heat, don't forget to exercise and rest, and live your life vividly!

4. 下雨天边亮，还要下一丈。

4. The sky glows when it rains, and it will keep on pouring for ten more chi.

5. 农谚是劳动人民长期生产实践中积累起来的经验结晶，它对于农业生产必然起着一定的指导作用。特别是在封建社会中，劳动人民被剥夺了读书识字的权利，他们的经验主要靠“父诏其子，兄诏其弟”的口头相传方式流传和继承下来，农谚就是其中的一个方面。例如，在封建社会时期，还没有同代的温度计、湿度计等仪器，农民就拿多年生树木的生长状态作为预告农事季节的依据，因为多年生树木的生长在一定程度上反映了一定的客观气候条件，于是产生了“要知五谷，先看五木”的农谚。在指导播种期方面，有许多反映物候学的谚语，如“梨花白，种大豆”；“樟树落叶桃花红，白豆种子好出瓮”；以及“青蛙叫，落谷子”等等。更多的是根据二十四节气指出各种作物的适宜播种时期：如“白露早，寒露迟，秋分草子正当时”；“白露白，正好种荞麦”等。农民有了这些农谚就能掌握适时播种。另外如“立冬蚕豆小雪麦，一生一世赶勿着”；“十月种油，不够老婆搽头”等谚语，却是失败教训的总结，提醒人们要抓紧季节，不误农时。

5. Proverbs of the countryside are the crystallization of experiences accumulated by the working people through long-term production practices, and they undoubtedly play a certain guiding role in agricultural production. Especially in the feudal society, the working people were deprived of the right to read and write, and their experiences were mainly passed down and inherited through oral tradition, such as "father instructing his son, and brother instructing his brother." The proverbs are one aspect of this. For example, during the feudal period, there were no thermometers, hygrometers, and other instruments of the same era. The farmers used the growth status of perennial trees as a basis for predicting the agricultural season, because the growth of perennial trees to some extent reflects certain objective climatic conditions. Thus, the proverb "to know the five grains, first look at the five trees" was born. In terms of guiding the sowing period, there are many proverbs reflecting phenology, such as "pear blossoms white, plant soybeans"; "cinnamomum trees shedding leaves, peach blossoms red, white soybean seeds are good for sprouting in jars"; and "croaking frogs, time to plant millet" and so on. More are based on the 24 solar terms to indicate the appropriate sowing periods for various crops: such as "early in White Dew, late in Cold Dew, autumnal equinox is the best time for sowing grass seeds"; "White Dew is white, it's time to plant buckwheat" and so on. With these proverbs, farmers can master the timing of sowing. On the other hand, proverbs like "from the start of winter to the small snow, soybeans and wheat cannot be rushed through a lifetime"; "in October, plant oil seeds, it's not enough for the wife's hair" are summaries of lessons learned from failure, reminding people to seize the season and not to miss the agricultural season.

6. 注意天文、气象、历法、节气方面的常识 在农谚内容分类一节中已经指出，农谚中三分之二是属于气象、时令的东西，因此，要正确理解农谚，必须具备这方面的一些知识，包括常见的星宿，计算年月日时辰的天干地支以及“九九”、“三伏”、春社、秋社之类。这些东西与我们现在的日常生活关系愈来愈疏远了，如果不具备这些常识，遇到这一类农谚就不容易理解。例如“参不落，只管种”，参是古代二十八宿中西方七宿之一，这是以参星不落为标准，来定小麦播种期的农谚。“箕与风，毕与雨”，“月丽于箕，风扬沙”等，箕和毕也都是星座的名称。“分了社，满天熟，社了分，没得啃”，这是指春社和春分之前或在春分之后与粮食丰歉的关系的，“分后社，晚稻无上下；社后分，晚稻大株根”，这里的社是指秋社，分指秋分，这种说法本身是无稽的，可是不了解分与社的所指，就无从取舍抉择。这类农谚还是不少的。[4]

6. Pay attention to common knowledge in astronomy, meteorology, calendar, and solar terms. As mentioned in the section on the classification of agricultural proverbs, two-thirds of agricultural proverbs are related to meteorology and seasonal changes. Therefore, to correctly understand agricultural proverbs, one must possess some knowledge in this area, including common constellations, the calculation of years, months, days, and hours using the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch system, as well as terms like "the 99 days," "the Three Heat," spring sacrifice, and autumn sacrifice. These things are increasingly distant from our daily lives now. Without this common knowledge, it is difficult to understand such agricultural proverbs. For example, "If the constellation Shen does not set, you can go ahead and plant," where Shen is one of the seven western constellations in the ancient Chinese 28 constellations. This is an agricultural proverb that uses the non-setting of the Shen constellation as a standard to determine the wheat planting period. "The Big Dipper and the wind, the Little Dipper and the rain," "The Moon is bright in the Big Dipper, the wind blows sand," where the Big Dipper and the Little Dipper are also names of constellations. "After the sacrifice, the sky is full of ripe crops; after the division, nothing to chew," this refers to the relationship between the spring sacrifice and the abundance or scarcity of grain before or after the Spring Equinox. "After the sacrifice, there is no upper and lower for the late rice; after the division, the roots of the late rice are large," here, the sacrifice refers to the autumn sacrifice, and the division refers to the Autumn Equinox. This statement itself is absurd, but without understanding the meanings of "division" and "sacrifice," it is impossible to make choices. There are still quite a few agricultural proverbs of this kind. [4]

7. 早晨地罩雾，尽管晒稻谷。

7. In the morning, there is a fog covering the ground, yet they dry the rice.

8. 乌云拦东行，不雨就刮风。

8. Dark clouds block the eastward path, without rain there's sure to be wind.

9. 雨下垂虹，霎时晴明。

9. Under the rain, the rainbow appears, and the sky clears up suddenly.

10. 农谚讲的是农业生产。广义的农业生产包括农、林、牧、副、渔五业，农之中还包括农作物、果蔬、蚕桑等，这些内容在农谚中都有。再说，农业生产离不开土壤、肥料、水分、温度以至于季节、气象、气候条件，这些方面在农谚中占有大量内容。农业生产又是由人在进行的，因此农谚中还有很多内容离不开人与人的关系，经营管理的经验等。解放前费洁心所收集的《中国农谚》，是由时令、气象、作物、饲养、箴言等五大部分组成的，虽然不很理想，但可以从这个分类中看出农谚内容的几个特点。据笔者对该书5953条农谚的统计。[1] 属于时令之部的为2961条，占全部的4045%；气象之部1556条，占2622%，作物之部1020条，占1718%；饲养之部251条，占423%；箴言之部707条，占1191%。从个分配的百分率可以看出两点：其一，气象与时令的农谚共占2/

10. The sayings of agriculture are about agricultural production. In the broad sense, agricultural production includes the five industries of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline occupations, and fishing, and agriculture itself includes crops, fruits and vegetables, silkworm mulberry, and so on, all of which are contained in the agricultural sayings. Moreover, agricultural production cannot be separated from soil, fertilizers, water, temperature, as well as seasonal, meteorological, and climatic conditions, and these aspects occupy a large amount of content in the agricultural sayings. Agricultural production is also carried out by humans, so there are many contents in the agricultural sayings that cannot be separated from human relationships and management experience. Before liberation, Fei Jiexin's collection "Chinese Agricultural Sayings" was composed of five parts: season, meteorology, crops, breeding, and proverbs. Although not very ideal, one can see several characteristics of the content of agricultural sayings from this classification. According to the author's statistics of 5,953 agricultural sayings in the book [1], there are 2,961 in the seasonal section, accounting for 40.45% of the total; 1,556 in the meteorological section, accounting for 26.22%; 1,020 in the crop section, accounting for 17.18%; 251 in the breeding section, accounting for 4.23%; and 707 in the proverb section, accounting for 11.91%. From the distribution percentages, two points can be observed: first, the agricultural sayings related to meteorology and season account for 2/3 of the total.

11. 四月不拿扇，急煞种田汉。

11. If you don't use your fan in April, you'll be in a hurry, farmer man.

12. 乱云天顶绞，风雨来不少。

12. Chaotic clouds twist at the zenith, bringing plenty of wind and rain.

13. 34大暑来块甜西瓜，清凉爽口乐哈哈；大暑来碗南瓜饭，其乐融融合家欢；大暑来盅冬瓜粥，解暑降温无忧愁；大暑来杯黄瓜汁，去火思甜快乐至；大暑来条短信传，幸福甜蜜乐团圆！

13. During the Dog Days, a slice of sweet watermelon brings coolness and joy; a bowl of pumpkin rice for a harmonious family gathering; a pot of winter melon congee to beat the heat and lower the temperature without worry; a glass of cucumber juice to quench the fire and savor sweetness for joy; during the Dog Days, a text message sent, happiness and sweetness for a perfect family reunion!

14. 31大暑天气，祝你夜夜睡好觉，轻轻松松过大暑。

14. During the Dog Days of August, wishing you sweet dreams every night and a carefree passage through the Dog Days.

15. 桃花落在尘土里，打麦打在泥浆里；桃花落在泥浆里，打麦打在尘土里。

15. Peach blossoms fall into the dust, wheat is threshed in the mud; peach blossoms fall into the mud, wheat is threshed in the dust.

16. 清明杨柳朝北摆，今年又是好庄稼。

16. The willows sway to the north on Qingming, and this year will be another good harvest.

17. 这也是农谚中常见的手法，往往用于强调某种措施或某一环节的重要性。例如强调油菜腊肥的重要说：“千浇万浇，不及腊粪一浇”；强调处暑前后稻子灌水的重要，就用“千车万车，不及处暑一车”；强调秧田施肥的重要，说：“会施施一丘，不会施施千丘，施千丘不如施一丘。”遇到这种铺张的农谚，就不可照字面直解，要认识它是文字夸张的手法。

17. This is also a common technique in agricultural proverbs, often used to emphasize the importance of certain measures or stages. For example, to emphasize the importance of rapeseed topdressing, it says, "A thousand浇 and ten thousand浇, are not as good as one浇 of winter manure"; to emphasize the importance of rice irrigation before and after the Cold Dew, it uses the phrase, "A thousand wagons and ten thousand wagons, are not as good as one wagon during the Cold Dew"; to emphasize the importance of fertilizing seedling fields, it says, "One field well fertilized is better than a thousand fields not fertilized, and fertilizing a thousand fields is not as good as fertilizing one field." When encountering such extravagant agricultural proverbs, one should not interpret them literally but recognize that they are a form of literary exaggeration.

18. 雨打黄梅头，四十五天无日头，雨打黄梅脚，车水车断黄牛脚。

18. Rain beats the head of the mulberry tree, forty-five days without a sunny day; rain beats the foot of the mulberry tree, water wheels break and the oxen's feet are severed.

19. 49我愿你：快乐过大暑，凉凉爽爽一整夏，大暑快乐。

19. 49 I wish you: to enjoy a happy Dazhugui (the great heat), feeling cool and refreshing all summer long, happy Dazhugui.

20. 各位应该都会两句谚语，谚语与我们的生活息息相关，二十四节气历史悠久，拥有很多相关的谚语，大暑节气的谚语你读过吗？我经过搜集和处理，为您提供关于大暑的农谚或俗语大全（经典75句），但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

20. Everyone should be familiar with a couple of proverbs, as proverbs are closely related to our lives. The 24 solar terms have a long history and possess many related proverbs. Have you read any proverbs related to the Great Heat solar term? After collecting and processing information, I have provided you with a complete collection of agricultural sayings or idioms about the Great Heat (classic 75 sentences), hoping it will be helpful to your studies and work.

21. 夏云钓内出，秋风钩持来。

21. Summer clouds float inward, autumn wind hooks them back.

22. 雷公先唱歌，有雨也不多。

22. Lei Gong sings first, and even if it rains, it won't be too much.

23. 雨洒清明节，麦子豌豆满地结。

23. Rain falls on Qingming Festival, wheat and peas are fully ripe on the ground.

24. 10祝你大暑心情好，工作顺，幸福长，生活美。

24. Wishing you a happy Dazhu (Great Heat), smooth work, long-lasting happiness, and a beautiful life.

25. 67大暑炎炎，想送你清凉，可偏偏，我不是冬雪

25. The great heat of the 67th Dazhu is scorching, I wish to send you coolness, but unfortunately, I am not winter snow.

26. 春雨贵似油，多下农民愁。

26. Spring rain is as precious as oil, and too much of it brings farmers' worries.

27. 电光乱明，无雨风晴。

27. Electric light flares, no rain, wind and clear weather.

28. 农谚除了句法结构的错综复杂变化以外，就其表达内容的修辞方法来看，也是丰富多彩的。农民群众知道通过各式各样的修辞方法来表达其生产技术经验，兹试举例说明如次：

28. In addition to the intricate and varied changes in syntactic structures, the proverbs also exhibit a rich array of rhetorical methods in their expression of content. The farming people are aware that they can use various rhetorical methods to express their technical and experiential knowledge in production. Here are some examples to illustrate this:

29. 早阴阴，晚阴晴，半夜阴天不到明。

29. Early in the morning it's cloudy, in the evening it's sunny and cloudy, and it remains cloudy until midnight without clearing up before dawn.

30. 六月初一雷，一雷庄九台。

30. On the first day of the sixth lunar month, there is thunder, and there are nine thunder stations in Yile Zhuang.

31. 57大暑到了，愿你眼中有美景，心中有清净。

31. The Great Heat of the 57th solar term is here, may there be beautiful scenery in your eyes and tranquility in your heart.

32. 夏至四面风，种田一场空。?>

32. If there are four winds on the Summer Solstice, the farmers' fields will be empty.

33. 64逢大暑，幸福快乐一一数，大把钞票在家数，身手敏捷快如鼠，吉祥如意不胜数，发条短信告诉你一个秘密：大暑日，数数更健康。

33. When it's the great heat of summer, happiness and joy count one by one, counting heaps of money at home, nimble as a mouse, auspiciousness and good fortune beyond counting. Send you a text message to reveal a secret: On the day of the great heat, counting is even healthier.

34. 八月南风二日半，九月南风当日转，十月南风转一轮。

34. For two and a half days in August, the south wind turns on the same day in September, and in October, it turns once a cycle.

35. 农谚中常多借代手法，以局部代表全体，以具体代表抽象，这样就更其生动。例如“没有泥腿，饿死油嘴”，这里以“泥腿”代表劳动人民，以“油嘴”代表剥削者。又如“隔重山，多一担，隔条河，多一箩”，这是指异地换种可以增产，换种的距离、原则很难具体说明，农谚就用“一座山”、“一条河”来代表。

35. The sayings of farmers often use metonymy, using a part to represent the whole and the concrete to represent the abstract, making them particularly vivid. For example, "Without muddy legs, one will starve with greasy lips" here uses "muddy legs" to represent the laboring people and "greasy lips" to represent the exploiters. Another example is "A mountain apart, one extra load; a river apart, one extra basket," which indicates that inter-regional crop rotation can increase yield. The specific distance and principles for crop rotation are difficult to explain, so the farmers' sayings use "a mountain" and "a river" to represent it.

36. 40大暑天，雷电间，轰轰隆隆好运连；大暑天，雨绵绵，幸福快乐不间断；大暑天，暑热伴，清凉在心笑容甜；大暑天，短信传，看完短信心情灿。大暑快乐！

36. In the 40th Dog Days, amidst thunder and lightning, luck comes in a continuous roar; in the Dog Days, with rain falling gently, happiness and joy never cease; in the Dog Days, accompanied by summer heat, coolness is in the heart and smiles are sweet; in the Dog Days, a message is sent, and after reading the short message, the mood is bright. Happy Dog Days!

37. 15但愿一声祝福能够感动您！祝您大暑愉快！

37. May a single blessing touch your heart! Wishing you a happy Great Heat Day!

38. 下秧太冷怕烂秧，小秧出水怕青霜。

38. Sowing seedlings too cold fears the seedlings rot, young seedlings emerging fears the green frost.

39. 云下日光，晴明无妨。

39. Below the clouds, the sunlight is clear and bright, no hindrance at all.

40. 直闪多雨，横闪多雹。

40. Straight flashes indicate a lot of rain, and side flashes indicate a lot of hail.

41. 农谚流传相当久远，不少古书上已有记载。例如，现今流行的“秧好半年稻”，“麦要浇芽，菜要浇花”，“处暑根头白，农夫吃一赫”，“稻如莺色红，全得水来供”等农谚，见之于明末的《沈氏农书》：“寸麦不怕尺水，尺麦但怕寸水”，见之于明末的《天工开物》；“无灰不种麦”，“收麦如救火”见之于16世纪初的《便民图纂》；“六月不热，五谷不结”，“六月盖了被，田里不生米”等见之于14世纪初的《田家五行》；“若要麦，见三白”，“正月三白，田公笑赫赫”，见之于8世纪初唐朝的《朝野佥载》；“欲知五谷，但视五木”，“耕而不劳，不如作暴”，见之于6世纪的《齐民要术》。古书中引用的农谚，还往往冠以“谚云”或“古人云”字样，说明被引用的该句农谚起源更早，到底早在何时，就不一定都能在文献上找到。至少目前所知，有些农谚可以远溯至数千年前，如浙江农谚：“大树之下无丰草，大块之间无美苗”一句，同样见之于西汉（公元前1世纪桓宽的《盐铁论》轻重第

41. Folk sayings about agriculture have been passed down for a long time, and many ancient books have recorded them. For example, the popular sayings such as "Good seedlings ensure a good harvest for half a year," "Wheat needs to be watered when it sprouts, and vegetables need to be watered when they bloom," "The roots turn white at the beginning of autumn, and the farmer eats a feast," and "Rice turns red like the color of orioles, all thanks to water," are found in the "Shen's Agricultural Book" at the end of the Ming Dynasty: "A small amount of water is not a problem for a small amount of wheat, but a small amount of water is a problem for a large amount of wheat," which is found in "The Art of the Great Works" at the end of the Ming Dynasty; "Without ash, do not plant wheat," and "Harvesting wheat is like extinguishing a fire," which are found in "The Convenient Compilation of the People" at the beginning of the 16th century; "If it is not hot in June, the five grains will not mature," and "If it is covered with a quilt in June, there will be no rice in the fields," which are found in "The Five Elements of the Peasants" at the beginning of the 14th century; "If you want wheat, see three white clouds," and "In the first month, three white clouds, the field god laughs heartily," which are found in the "Records of the Court and the People" of the Tang Dynasty in the early 8th century; "To know the five grains, just look at the five trees," and "It is better to do a sudden act than to work hard," which are found in the "Qimin Yaoshu" in the 6th century. The folk sayings quoted in ancient books are often prefixed with "As the saying goes" or "As the ancients say," indicating that the origin of the quoted saying is even earlier, and it is not necessarily possible to find it in all documents. At least as far as is known now, some folk sayings can be traced back thousands of years ago, such as the Zhejiang folk saying: "Under the big tree, there is no lush grass, and between the big pieces, there are no beautiful seedlings," which is also found in "The Salt and Iron Discourse" by Huan Kuang in the Western Han Dynasty (1st century BC).

42. 风头一个帆，雨后变晴天。

42. A sail at the peak, a sunny sky after the rain.

43. 半夜拉起雾，正午晒死兔。

43. In the middle of the night, fog rolls in; at noon, it could bake a rabbit.

44. 辰间电飞，大飓可期。

44. In the morning, the electrical flights, a great hurricane is expected.

45. 腊雪不烊，种田人饭粮；春雪不烊，断脱人肚肠。

45. If the snow in winter does not melt, the farmer's food is secure; if the snow in spring does not melt, the people's bellies will be empty.

46. 乌云接日，雨即倾滴。

46. Dark clouds gather, and the rain falls heavily.

47. 返照黄光，明日风狂。

47. Reflected sunlight turns to yellow, tomorrow the wind will be fierce.

48. 朝霞不出门，晚霞行千里 。

48. If there is no morning glow, the evening glow can travel a thousand miles.

49. 是要注意注意农谚的省略手法 农谚由于口语的限制，常常需要简略，而且所略的往往是最重要的主词。这在特定地区特定条件下是不成问题的，可是对于收集、整理、注释者来说，数量一多，常常闹不清楚，或者张冠李戴，这就要我们要有较广泛的生物学的、农业的知识。

49. It is important to pay attention to the ellipsis technique used in agricultural proverbs. Due to the limitations of spoken language, agricultural proverbs often need to be concise, and what is often omitted is the most important subject. This is not a problem in specific regions and under specific conditions, but for collectors, organizers, and annotators, when the number is large, it often becomes unclear, or things are mixed up, which requires us to have a broader knowledge of biology and agriculture.

50. 断虹电挂，有风不怕。

50. The broken rainbow hangs like electricity, not afraid of the wind.

51. 45说大暑，道大暑，望你天天能消暑，大暑快乐！

51. Speak of the great heat, mention the great heat, may you be able to dispel the heat every day, enjoy the great heat!

52. 天上鲤鱼斑，明日晒谷不用翻。

52. The sky has the pattern of carp scales, tomorrow when drying grain, there is no need to turn it over.

53. 朝有破紫云，午后雷雨临。

53. In the morning, purple clouds are broken, and thunderstorms arrive in the afternoon.

54. 如果我们把作物生产的全部过程分成几个环节，几乎每个环节都有一定的农谚。例如水稻从播种起，选用良种有“种好稻好，娘好囡好”等；培育壮秧有“秧好半年稻”等；插秧技术有“会插不会插，看你两只脚”，“早稻水上飘，晚稻插齐腰”等，施肥有“早稻泥下送，晚稻三遍壅”，“中间轻，两头重”等；田间管理有“处暑根头摸，一把烂泥一把谷”等等。拿水稻一项来说，浙江就有500条左右农谚。农民有了这些农谚，就好像现在有了技术指导手册一样，曾经起过很大的指导作用。特别是在一些老农民中都还保留有这种习惯。1959年我们在丽水县向一位老农了解当地播种粟的经验，他就举出“红粟头上一枚针，只怕浅来不怕深”的农谚，并且拿粟和芝麻相比，说：“芝麻头上两瓣叶，只怕深来不怕浅”的农谚，生动地说明了单子叶植物（如粟）和双子叶植物（如芝麻）对播种深度的不同要求。我们在平阳县总结当地种植龙爪稷（当地称粟）的经验时，农民又举出“稻倒收一半，麦倒没得看，粟倒一箩收箩半”的农谚，说明龙爪稷的特点是不怕倒伏。诸如此类的例子是不胜枚举的，足以证明农谚对指导农业生产起着很大的作用。

54. If we divide the entire process of crop production into several stages, almost every stage has certain agricultural proverbs. For example, from the sowing of rice, there are proverbs like "Sow good rice, have a good mother and a good daughter"; for cultivating strong seedlings, there are proverbs like "Good seedlings are half the rice"; for transplanting seedlings, there are sayings like "Whether you can transplant or not, it depends on your two feet," "Early rice floats on the water, late rice is transplanted to the waist"; for fertilization, there are sayings like "Early rice is sent under the mud, late rice is fertilized three times," "Light in the middle, heavy at both ends"; for field management, there are sayings like "Touch the root at the beginning of the heat, a handful of mud and a handful of grain." Taking rice as an example, there are about 500 such proverbs in Zhejiang. With these proverbs, farmers have it as if they have a technical guidance manual now, which has played a significant guiding role. Especially, this kind of habit is still retained among some old farmers. In 1959, when we were in Lishui County, we asked an old farmer about his experience in sowing millet locally, and he quoted the proverb "A needle on the top of red millet, afraid of shallow but not deep," and compared millet with sesame, saying "Two leaves on the top of sesame, afraid of deep but not shallow," vividly illustrating the different requirements for sowing depth between monocotyledonous plants (such as millet) and dicotyledonous plants (such as sesame). When we summarized the experience of local planting of Longzhua millet (locally called millet) in Pingyang County, the farmers also quoted the proverb "Rice falls and half is harvested, wheat falls and nothing can be seen, millet falls and a basket is half full," showing that Longzhua millet is not afraid of lodging. There are countless such examples, which are enough to prove that agricultural proverbs play a significant role in guiding agricultural production.

55. 久雨泛星光，午后必雨狂。

55. After a long rain, the starlight shines, and a fierce rain will definitely come in the afternoon.

56. 18让我做你的风儿，为你驱散大暑的燥热，带给你心灵的凉爽；让我做你的花儿，为你芬芳大暑的阳光，带给心灵的徜徉；大暑虽热，有我的祝福，生活就会充满希望，愿你大暑节气，更加娇媚漂亮！

56. Let me be your breeze, to drive away the scorching heat of the great summer, bringing you the coolness of the soul; let me be your flower, to perfume the great summer's sunshine for you, bringing you the leisurely wandering of the heart. Though the great summer is hot, with my blessings, life will be filled with hope. May you be more charming and beautiful during the great summer solstice!

57. 这是农谚中应用得相当多的手法。农民喜欢用婉曲含蓄的话把本意烘托出来，例如“削断麦根，牵断磨心”，是说麦子需要勤中耕，中耕后可以增产，但他不用增产等明字眼，而说麦子加工，磨大量的麦粉时可能会把磨心都牵断了，这样烘托来说，以鼓励人们作好田间中耕工作。其他如“麦田舞龙灯，小麦同样生”是指小麦苗期镇压作用的；“小暑不见底，有谷没有米”是指不烤田会引起倒伏及秕谷的；“芝麻田三日晴，回家洗油瓶”是指天旱有利于芝麻丰收的；“立冬种豆一筷长，两粒豆子换一双”是警告不要失时播种的；“田头地角出黄金”是鼓励人们充分利用隙地种植各种作物的；“伤心割菜子，洒泪收芝麻”是指芝麻和油菜两种作物成熟时极易脱粒，遗失很多的。

57. This is a technique that is widely used in rural proverbs. Farmers prefer to use subtle and implicit language to highlight their intended meaning, for example, "Cutting off the wheat root, pulling off the mill center" implies that wheat requires frequent cultivation, and cultivation can increase yield. However, instead of using explicit words like "increase yield," they say that when processing wheat and grinding a large amount of flour, the mill center might be pulled off. By using this implicit way of expression, they encourage people to do a good job of field cultivation. Other examples include: "Dancing dragon lanterns in wheat fields, wheat grows as well" refers to the role of镇压 in the seedling stage of wheat; "Not drying the field during the Minor Heat, there are grains but no rice" refers to the risk of lodging and barren grains caused by not drying the field; "Three days of sunshine in sesame fields, go home to wash the oil bottle" implies that dry weather is favorable for a good harvest of sesame; "Sowing beans at the Winter Solstice, one bamboo stick long, two beans for a pair" is a warning against missing the optimal sowing time; "Gold at the corners of the field" encourages people to make full use of the small spaces to grow various crops; and "Heartbreaking to harvest rapeseed, tears while harvesting sesame" refers to the ease with which sesame and rapeseed can be threshed out, leading to a significant loss.

58. 元宵晴，好收成。

58. If the Lantern Festival is clear and sunny, it will be a good harvest.

59. 36收获大暑每一种快乐，愿朋友大暑过得精彩！

59. Reap every joy during the Great Heat, and may your friend have a splendid Great Heat!

60. 农谚中还有一种突出的表现手法，是借主语和宾语的互调位置或定语的互调位置体现完全不同的意思。例如“田不等秧，秧不等田”，“麦不离豆，豆不离麦”，“麦黄种麻，麻黄种麦”，“苗多欺草，草多欺苗”等等，都是通过主语与宾语互调位置收到效果的。又有“寸麦不怕尺水，尺麦但怕寸水”，“九成黄老十成收，十成黄老九成收”等则是借定语互调收到效果的。

60. Another outstanding expression method in rural proverbs is to convey completely different meanings through the interchange of subject and object positions or the interchange of attributive positions. For example, "The field doesn't wait for the seedlings, and the seedlings don't wait for the field," "Wheat can't separate from beans, and beans can't separate from wheat," "Sow hemp when wheat is ripe, and sow wheat when hemp is ripe," "Too many seedlings can mock the grass, and too much grass can mock the seedlings," and so on, all achieve the effect through the interchange of subject and object positions. On the other hand, expressions like "An inch of wheat doesn't fear a foot of water, but a foot of wheat fears an inch of water," and "Nine-tenths ripe equals ten-tenths harvested, and ten-tenths ripe equals nine-tenths harvested" achieve the effect through the interchange of attributive positions.

61. 前面谈到农谚的特点之一是群众性和通俗性，似乎农谚的易晓易懂是不成问题的，事实并不尽然。由于农谚的地域性、概括性加上历史因素，有些情况已经时过境迁，有时要完全正确理解一句农谚倒不是一件简单的事。例如笔者在某次油菜丰产座谈会上，听到平湖县一位农民说到一句农谚：“冬至月中，香菜打一盅”，他表示不明确是什么意思要求大家解释。另一次，听到一位河南农民介绍孬地小麦克风农谚“参不落，只管种”，也是不明其意。对于农业科学工作者来说，具有现代的农业科学知识，理解农谚应该不成问题，可是也不尽然。如果不充分熟悉农谚的各种特点，很容易“以今套古”，理解得过了头。例如“小暑不见底，白露枉费心”，原是指单季晚稻排水烤田的，有的同志联系到水稻的群体结构，以为小暑不见底，指此时应该封行了，小暑不封行，到白露就太迟，叶面积系数太小，没有充分利用光能……这是过头之例。“千浇万浇，不及腊粪一浇”，原是强调腊肥重要的意思，可是有的同志偏偏理解这句农谚只主张施一次腊肥就够了，显然是没有从农谚的特点出发，理解过死了。我们在整理过程中，也曾发生自作聪明，把原来对的改成错的例子。如“三月清明你莫慌，二月清明早下秧”，在整理中把“三”“二”对调了一下，变成“二月清明你莫慌，三月清明早下秧”却反而弄错了。怎样正确理解农谚，据我们初步的体会，应该注意以下几点：

61. As mentioned earlier, one of the characteristics of agricultural proverbs is their popularity and simplicity, which seems to imply that understanding agricultural proverbs is not a problem. However, the reality is not always so. Due to the regional characteristics, generality, and historical factors of agricultural proverbs, some situations have changed over time, and sometimes it is not an easy task to understand a proverb correctly. For example, during a discussion on rapeseed abundant yield, I heard a farmer from Pinghu County say a proverb, "On the winter solstice, cilantro should be brewed in a cup." He was not clear about its meaning and asked for an explanation. Another time, I heard a farmer from Henan introduce the agricultural proverb for poor land wheat, "If the seeds don't fall, just plant." He was also unsure of its meaning. For agricultural scientists with modern agricultural scientific knowledge, understanding agricultural proverbs should not be a problem, but it is not always the case. If one is not sufficiently familiar with the various characteristics of proverbs, it is easy to "apply the present to the past" and overinterpret them. For example, "If you don't see the bottom during the Little Heat, and if you don't drain the rice field during the White Dew, it's a waste of effort," originally refers to the need to drain the rice field for the single-season late rice. Some comrades have linked it to the rice plant's population structure, believing that not seeing the bottom during the Little Heat means that it should be sealed at this time. If it's not sealed during the Little Heat, it will be too late by the White Dew, with too small a leaf area coefficient and not fully utilizing light energy... This is an example of overinterpretation. "A thousand and ten thousand irrigations are not as good as one application of la manure," originally emphasizes the importance of la manure, but some comrades have mistakenly interpreted this proverb to mean that only one application of la manure is needed, which clearly does not start from the characteristics of the proverb and has overinterpreted it. During the process of compilation, we have also encountered instances where we were too clever for our own good, changing the correct to the wrong. For example, "Don't be in a hurry in March when the Qingming Festival comes, but plant the seedlings early in February," in the process of compilation, we switched the "three" and "two," making it "Don't be in a hurry in February when the Qingming Festival comes, but plant the seedlings early in March," which was actually incorrect. According to our initial experience, to understand agricultural proverbs correctly, one should pay attention to the following points:

62. 雨打五更，日晒水坑。

62. The rain beats on the fifth watch, and the sun bakes the puddle.

63. 夜星繁，大晴天。

63. The night sky is filled with numerous stars, and it's a clear, sunny day.

64. 蜘蛛结网天放晴。

64. The spider spins its web as the sky clears up.

65. 东风湿，西风干，北风寒，南风暖。

65. The east wind is damp, the west wind is dry, the north wind is cold, and the south wind is warm.

66. 有雨山戴巾，天雨山拦腰。

66. Rain on the mountain, the mountain wears a hat; rain on the mountain, the mountain is crossed at the waist.

67. 一落（下雨）一个泡，落过就好跑；一落一个钉，落煞落勿停。

67. When it rains, a bubble falls, once it's over, it's good to run; when a nail falls, it keeps falling and won't stop.

68. 为便于口头背诵，省略是农谚的重要手法之一。以省去作主词用的名词为最多。例如：“千箩万箩，不如根头一箩”，这是指草子施灰肥的，省去草子和草木灰两个名词。“早瘟迟冻，不瘟不冻，霜降立冬”，是指油菜播种和毒素病、冻害的关系的，省去油菜播种四字。“天花不嫁自家婆”省玉米两字。也有省去动词的，如“冬至中，暖烘烘，冬至头，冻死牛”，是指冬至逢月中或逢月初之意。

68. Omission is one of the important techniques in agricultural proverbs for ease of recitation by mouth. The most common form of omission is the deletion of nouns used as subjects. For example, "Ten thousand bamboo baskets are not as good as one basket at the root," which refers to applying ash fertilizer to grass seeds, omitting the two nouns "grass seeds" and "ashes." "Early pestilence, late frost, not pestilential, not frozen, frost falls and winter comes" refers to the relationship between rapeseed sowing and disease caused by toxins and frost damage, omitting the four characters "rapeseed sowing." "Sore throat not嫁 to its own mother-in-law" omits two characters of "maize." There are also cases where verbs are omitted, such as "Winter solstice, warm and cozy, winter solstice head, freeze to death a cow," which means encountering the mid-moon or the first day of the month during the winter solstice.

69. 立春三场雨，遍地都米。

69. Three rainfalls on the Day of the Beginning of Spring, and the land is full of rice.

70. 日落黑云接，风雨不可说。

70. The sunset meets with dark clouds, and the rain and wind cannot be described.

71. 42炎炎大暑，愿它化做晨溪与朝露，祝大暑愉快！

71. In the scorching heat of the 42nd Dog Day, may it transform into morning streams and dew, wishing you a happy Great Heat Day!

72. 东风不过晌，过晌翁翁响。

72. The east wind doesn't pass in the morning, but it makes a loud sound after noon.

73. 蚂蚁垒窝要下雨。

73. When ants build nests, it's going to rain.

74. 费洁心所收的农谚，限于他个人的条件，共只5953条。建国以后，农业出版社以吕平为主，进行了有计划的全国农谚收集工作，共得10万余条，经过归并整理分类，共得31400余条，分成《中国农谚》上下两册出版。上册是农作物部分，包括大田作物、棉麻、果蔬、蚕桑、豆类、油料直至花卉为止，据笔者统计，共约16200余条；下册为总论及畜牧、渔业、林业等部分，总论包括土、肥、种、田间管理、水利及气象等，共约15200余条。又将该书上下两册按类分别统计结果，大体上同上述费洁心的统计结果类似。但所见的规律性更为明显。即全部农谚中，以气象农谚最占多数，共得7903条，占全部的2516%。其次就是水稻，共4573条，占全部的1456%；第三是麦类，共3596条，占全部的1145%。其余的分散到各种作物上，条数有多有少，都远不及稻麦那样多。稻麦及粟黍类农谚条数的比例，很像笔者对《古今图书集成》草木典谷部文献所作统计的结果，在《集成》中，也是以稻的文献量占首位，各种麦合起来居次位，粟黍又次之，三者所占比重超过其他任何的作物。[2] 文字记载量的比重同农民口头谚语的比重如此一致，是客观事物规律的如实反映。将果树和蔬菜类供不应求也只得1571条，占全部的500%。粮食方面，像玉米和甘薯是迟至明末才引进普及的。玉米很快积累起222条，当然比重不高，仅占070%；甘薯积累起366条，占116%。自古农桑衣食并举，棉花较之蚕桑是后起的，但推广极快，积累的农谚超过了蚕桑，棉花有1243条，占395%；蚕桑只355条，占113%，蚕桑的农谚不应这样少，其原因待查。农作物和畜牧这粮畜两条腿中，畜牧部分的农谚远少于作物，只有1433条，占全部的456%，这是中国农区食物结构的特点，农区人口增长的压力使得农区拿不出更多的土地饲养家畜。在家畜的农谚中，以猪最多，猪在南方是舍饲杂食，不需草场牧地。家畜农谚一个突出之点，是对家畜的鉴别农谚较多，且很生动有据，很像汉代以来的《相马经》、《相牛经》之类，只是句子短少而已。

74. Fei Jiexin collected a total of 5,953 agricultural proverbs, limited by his personal conditions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Agricultural Publishing House, led by Lü Ping, carried out a planned nationwide collection of agricultural proverbs, obtaining more than 100,000 in total. After consolidation, organization, and classification, a total of more than 31,400 were obtained and published in two volumes titled "Chinese Agricultural Proverbs." The first volume covers crop production, including field crops, cotton and flax, fruits and vegetables, sericulture and mulberry, beans, oil crops, and flowers, with a total of about 16,200 according to the author's statistics; the second volume covers general discussions and parts on animal husbandry, fishery, forestry, etc. The general discussion includes soil, fertilizer, seed, field management, water conservancy, and meteorology, with a total of about 15,200. The statistics of the two volumes of the book, categorized separately, are generally similar to Fei Jiexin's statistics. However, the regularity is more obvious. Among all the agricultural proverbs, meteorological proverbs are the most numerous, with a total of 7,903, accounting for 2516% of the total. Next is rice, with a total of 4,573, accounting for 1456% of the total; followed by wheat, with a total of 3,596, accounting for 1145% of the total. The rest are scattered among various crops, with varying numbers, all far fewer than rice and wheat. The proportion of agricultural proverbs about rice, wheat, and millet is very similar to the author's statistics of the literature in the "Comprehensive Collection of Books from Ancient and Modern Times" for the section of plants and grains. In the "Collection," the volume of literature on rice is the largest, followed by various types of wheat combined, and millet comes next, with a share of more than any other crop. The proportion of the amount of written records is so consistent with the proportion of farmers' oral proverbs, which is an objective reflection of the law of things. The supply of fruit trees and vegetables is insufficient, and only 1,571 proverbs were accumulated, accounting for 500% of the total. In terms of grain, corn and sweet potatoes were introduced and popularized as late as the end of the Ming Dynasty. Corn quickly accumulated 222 proverbs, of course, with a low proportion, only 0.70%; sweet potatoes accumulated 366 proverbs, accounting for 11.6%. Since ancient times, agriculture and sericulture have been integrated with clothing and food. Cotton, compared to sericulture, is a later emergence, but it was rapidly promoted, and the number of agricultural proverbs accumulated exceeded that of sericulture. There are 1,243 proverbs about cotton, accounting for 39.5%; sericulture has only 355 proverbs, accounting for 11.3%. The number of sericulture proverbs should not be so few, and the reason needs to be investigated. In the two legs of crops and animal husbandry, the agricultural proverbs in the animal husbandry part are far fewer than those in crops, with only 1,433 proverbs, accounting for 4.56% of the total. This is a characteristic of the food structure in China's farming areas, where the pressure of population growth in farming areas prevents the allocation of more land for raising livestock. Among the agricultural proverbs of domestic animals, the most are about pigs, as pigs in the south are raised in pens and fed a mixed diet, without the need for pastures and grazing lands. A prominent point of the agricultural proverbs about domestic animals is that there are many proverbs about identifying domestic animals, which are very vivid and well-supported, resembling the "Horse Selection Manual" and "Cattle Selection Manual" since the Han Dynasty, except for the shorter sentences.

75. 四季东风下，只怕东风刮不大。

75. Under the east wind of all four seasons, one fears that the east wind may not be strong enough.

76. 人往屋里钻，稻在田里窜。

76. People scurry into the house, while rice sprouts in the field.

77. 28说大暑，道大暑，热得好似蒸笼煮；大汗淋漓四处苦，蚊虫凶得像老虎；望你天天能消暑，送你清凉的祝福。大暑快乐！

77. Speak of the Great Heat, and talk of the Great Heat, it's hot as if steamed in a bamboo steamer; Sweating profusely, everywhere is suffering, mosquitoes fierce as tigers; May you be able to cool off every day, sending you a blessing of coolness. Happy Great Heat!