1. 伤心庾开府，老作北朝臣。——司空曙《金陵怀古》

1. Grieved at the loss of Yu Kai府, he became an old minister of the Northern Dynasty. — From "Memories of Jinling" by Sima Shu (Sikong Shu)

2. 愿得此身长报国，何须生入玉门关——戴叔伦写的《塞上曲二首》

2. "May this body long serve the country, why must I enter the Jade Gate Pass alive" — a line from "Two Songs on the Frontier" written by Dai Shulun.

3. 但得众生皆得饱，不辞羸病臣残阳。李纲《病牛》

3. But if all beings can be satisfied, I will not complain about my emaciated body and the fading sunset. From Li Gang's poem "Sick Ox."

4. 为奏薰琴唱，仍题宝剑名。张九龄《奉和圣制送尚书燕国公赴朔方》

4. To play the fragrant zither and sing, still inscribe the name of the treasured sword. Zhang Jiuling's "In Praise of the Emperor's Edict Sending Yan Guogong to the Northern Frontier"

5. 秋风万里芙蓉国，暮雨千家薜荔村。谭用之《秋宿湘江遇雨》

5. The autumn wind sweeps across the land, a country full of lotus flowers; at dusk, the rain falls over a thousand households in the villageresidence of bittersweet vines. — Tan Yongzhi's "Autumn Night Accommodation on Xiangjiang River and Encountering Rain"

6. 但将千岁叶，常奉万年杯。赵彦昭《奉和元日赐群臣柏叶应制》

6. But shall offer the thousand-year leaf, ever present the cup of ten thousand years. Zhao Yanzhao, "In Praise of the New Year's Day Presentation of Pine Leaves to the Ministers, Following the Imperial Edict"

7. 归凤求皇意，寥寥不复闻。——杜甫《琴台》

7. The phoenix returns seeking the emperor's will, but the sound is faint and no longer heard. — Du Fu, "The Platform of the Lute"

8. 大江歌罢掉头东，邃密群科济世穷。面壁十年图破壁，难酬蹈海亦英雄。周恩来。

8. After singing great rivers' songs, I turn eastward, seeking to alleviate the plight of the world through profound knowledge. For ten years, I face the wall in pursuit of breaking through, and even if I fail to repay the sea's embrace, I am still a hero. Zhou Enlai.

9. 杜鹃再拜忧天泪，精卫无穷填海心！黄遵宪《赠梁任父同年》

9.杜鹃再次拜别，泪滴忧天；精卫填海，永无止境！This is a line from "Presenting Li Renfu" by Huang Zunxian.

10. 病骨支离纱帽宽，孤臣万里客江干。陆游《病起书怀》

10. The broken bones支撑 the wide-brimmed hat, a lonely subject journeys a thousand miles to the riverbank. From Lu You's "Writing to Express Grief upon Recovery from Illness."

11. 山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍文天祥《过零丁洋》

11. The mountains and rivers are shattered, and the wind blows away the floating petals; my destiny rises and falls like the lotus petals pounded by the rain. - Wen Tianxiang, "Crossing the Zeroing Sea"

12. 译文：为国家解危难奋勇献身，看死亡就好像回归故里。

12. Translation: Bravely sacrificing oneself to save the nation from peril, perceiving death as returning to one's hometown.

13. 伤心庾开府，老作北朝臣。司空曙《金陵怀古》

13. The sorrowful Yu Kai府, old as a minister of the Northern Dynasty. (From Si Kong Chu's "Reflecting on the Past in Jinling")

14. 出处：先秦 屈原《九歌·国殇》

14. Source: Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs·Guoshang" from the Pre-Qin era.

15. 僵卧孤村不自哀，尚思为国戍轮台。夜阑卧听风吹雨，铁马冰河入梦来。陆游《十一月四日风雨大作》。

15. Lying rigid in a solitary village, I do not mourn myself, still thinking of defending the country at the Luntai Pass. At midnight, lying in bed, I listen to the wind and rain, and in my dreams, iron horses and ice rivers come. Lu You, "Great Storm on the Fourth of November."

16. 可怜报国无路，空白一分头。杨炎正《水调歌头登多景楼》

16. Alas, there's no path to serve my country, leaving a blank head of hair. From "Shui Diao Gu头" by Yang Yanzheng, "Ascending the Duojing Tower"

17. 译文：身已死亡啊精神永不死，您的魂魄啊为鬼中英雄！

17. Translation: Though the body is dead, the spirit never dies; your soul is a hero among ghosts!

18. 可怜报国无路，空白一分头。——杨炎正写的《水调歌头

18. Alas, no path to serve one's country, a blank life with not a single achievement. — From "Shui Diao Ge Dou" written by Yang Yanzheng.

19. 楚虽三户能抗秦，岂有堂堂中国空无人。陆游《金错刀行》

19. Even if the Chu people had only three households, they could have resisted the Qin Dynasty. How could a great and magnificent China be empty of people? From Lu You's poem "Jin Cuo Dao Xing."

20. 多少六朝兴废事，尽入渔樵闲话。张昪《离亭燕一带江山如画》

20. How many rises and falls of the Six Dynasties, all told in the idle chatter of the fisherman and woodcutter. Zhang Zhen's "Liqing Yan: A Belt of Rivers and Mountains Like a Painting."

21. 历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭破由奢。——李商隐《咏史二首·其二》

21. Having reviewed the achievements of the ancients and the fall of states, we find that prosperity comes from diligence and thrift, while decline results from extravagance. — Li Shangyin, "Two Songs on History (Second Song)"

22. 楚虽三户能抗秦，岂有堂堂中国空无人。——陆游《金错刀行》

22. Although Chu has only three households, it can resist Qin. How can such a great China be empty of people? — Lu You, "The Journey of the Golden-Encrusted Sword"

23. 寸寸山河寸寸金。——黄遵宪《赠梁任父母同年》

23. Every inch of mountain and river is as valuable as gold. — Huang Zunxian, "Present to Liang Ren's Parents"

24. 北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。《沁园春雪》

24. The scenery of the northern land, ice-bound for thousands of miles, snowflakes falling for tens of thousands of miles. "Spring Snow in the Garden of Clear Breeze."

25. 捐躯赴国难，视死忽如归。曹植《白马篇》

25. To sacrifice oneself for the nation's distress, to view death as if returning home. From Cao Zhi's "The Chapter of the White Horse."

26. 东南西北效皇极，日月星辰奏凯歌。洪秀全《吟剑》

26. The extreme points of southeast, southwest, northeast, and northwest pay homage to the supreme, the sun, the moon, and the stars sing victory songs. Hong Xiuquan, "Singing the Sword."

27. 位卑未敢忘忧国。陆游《病起书怀》

27. Though in a low position, I have never forgotten to worry about my country. (From Lu You's "Writing to Express My Feelings After Illness")

28. 宁为百夫长，胜作一书生。——杨炯写的《从军行》

28. It's better to be a leader of a hundred soldiers than to be a scholar. -- A line from "Military March" written by Yang Jing.

29. 国三边未到忧，十三身袭富平侯。李商隐《富平少侯》

29. Anxiety over the three borders not yet reached, the Thirteenth Man inherits the title of Marquis of Fuping. Li Shangyin, "The Young Marquis of Fuping."

30. 出处：汉代 司马迁《报任安书》

30. Source: "Letter to Zhi'an" by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty.

31. 闻道皇华使，方随皂盖臣。王维《送李判官赴东江》

31. Upon hearing of the Imperial envoy, I follow the dark umbrella minister. Wang Wei's "Sending Li Panjun to Dongjiang"

32. 力微任重久神疲，再竭衰庸定不支。苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之！ 林则徐《赴戍登程口占示家人》。

32. With my strength exhausted and my responsibilities heavy, my spirit has long been weary. If I were to exhaust myself further, I would surely collapse. But if it benefits the country, I would be willing to face life and death. How could I shun祸 and seek blessings! - Lin Zexu, "Saying to My Family as I Embark on the Journey to the Frontier."

33. 朝何事，只成门户私计。陈亮《念奴娇登多景楼》

33. Seeking what for, it only ends up as a personal scheme within the gates. From "Nian Nu Jiao Deng Duan Jing Lou" by Chen Liang.

34. 剑外忽传收蓟北，初闻涕泪满衣裳。杜甫《闻官军收河南河北》

34. Suddenly the news from beyond the sword arrives that the northern Jining was taken, at first hearing the news tears filled my robe. Du Fu's "Upon Hearing the News of the Imperial Army's Capture of Henan and Hebei."

35. 乘云径到玉皇家。——刘克庄《木兰花慢·丁未中秋》

35. Climbing the path on clouds to the Royal Jade Palace. —— From Liu Kerui's "Mulanhuamen: The Mid-Autumn Festival of the Year Dingwei"

36. 谁料苏卿老归国，茂陵松柏雨萧萧。李商隐《茂陵》

36. Who would have thought that Su Qing the elder would return to his homeland, and the pines and cypresses of Maoling weep in the rain. — From "Maoling" by Li Shangyin.

37. 臣子恨，何时灭！驾长车，踏破贺兰山缺。岳飞《满江红写怀》

37. The anger of a loyal subject, when will it be extinguished! Riding a long carriage, trampling through the gap in Helan Mountain. — Yue Fei's "Manshonghong Writes Thoughts"

38. 西北神州，依旧一新亭。——元好问《江城子·醉来长袖舞鸡鸣》

38. In the northwest of the divine Shenzhou, a new Tiding Pavilion still stands. — Yuan Haowen, "Jiangchengzi: Dancing Long Sleeves Drunkly as the Rooster Crows"

39. 译文：为国家可以献出生命， 为正义可以牺牲自身。

39. Translation: One can sacrifice one's life for the country, and can make sacrifices for justice.

40. 医得眼前疮，剜却心头肉。聂夷中《咏田家》

40. Treat the sore before my eyes, but the pain from the heart remains. From Nie Yizhong's "Ode to the Peasants."

41. 山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍——文天祥《过零丁洋》

41. The mountains and rivers are shattered, the wind blows away the floating fluff; My life rises and falls like the duckweeds beaten by rain – Wen Tianxiang's "Passing through Lingdingyang."

42. 译文：常常想着在国家危难的时候，自己能够为了国家发奋向前，甚至不顾自己的生命。

42. Translation: Often think about being able to strive forward for the country during times of national crisis, even at the cost of one's own life.

43. 愿得此身长报国。何须生入玉门关。戴叔伦《塞上曲二首》

43. May this body serve my country for a long time. Why should I need to enter the Jade Gate Pass in life? — From "Two Songs of the Frontier" by Dai Sulu.

44. 白骨露于野，千里无鸡鸣。曹操《蒿里行》

44. White bones are exposed in the wilderness, not a single chicken's crow echoes for thousands of miles. From Cao Cao's poem "The Song of the Herbaceous Ridge."

45. 归老宁无五亩田，读书本意在元元。——陆游

45. Even in retirement, wouldn't it be nice to have five acres of land? The essence of reading is to seek truth and wisdom for the common people. — Lu You

46. 恨不抗日死，留作今日羞。国破尚如此，我何惜此头。 吉鸿昌。

46. I wish I had died fighting against the Japanese instead, leaving my shame for today. Even with the country defeated, is there anything I should regret about sacrificing my head? Ji Hongchang.

47. 但愿苍生俱饱暖，不辞辛苦出山林。于谦《咏煤炭》

47. May all the people be warm and well-fed, not sparing the toil and hardship to come out of the mountains and forests. Yu Qian, "Singing of Coal."

48. 山围故国周遭在，潮打空城寂寞回。刘禹锡《金陵五题石头城》

48. The mountains encircle the ancient country, and the tides batter the empty city, echoing back loneliness. Liu Yuxi, "The Stone City" from "Five Poems on Jinling".

49. 咸言上国繁华，岂谓帝城羁旅。——子兰写的《秋日思旧山》

49. To speak of the prosperity of the great country, could it be said that traveling in the imperial city is akin to being a stranger? — A line from Zi Lan's poem "Thoughts of the Old Mountains in Autumn."

50. 朝春草里，万井落花中。——屈大均《秣陵》

50. Amidst the spring grass, amidst the petals falling from the myriad houses... — Qu Da jun's "Mo Ling"

51. 出处：魏晋 曹操《让县自明本志令》

51. Source: Wei and Jin Dynasty, Cao Cao's "Letter of Resignation from County and Self-Declaration of Intentions."