1. appear /E'piE/ vi出现；显得；好象

1. appear /E'piər/ vi. appear; seem

2. 比如打招呼这一言语行为的执行方式：“终于有一天，李欣毅然踅进了桑叶做裁缝的屋子。‘您好。’桑叶打招呼很城市化。她正在案上裁剪。”（将64）作品中说明了这种打招呼的方式不是当地人习惯用的，而是城市化的。“一个男人从门外进来，见到殷道严，立刻把扛在肩上的冲担放下，拄着，站住，很恭敬地喊一声：‘殷书记来了。’殷书记说：‘放工了，老德？’”（将59）这是当地人打招呼的方式。

2. For example, the way of performing the speech act of greeting: "Finally, one day, Li Xin resolutely stepped into the room where Sang Ye made clothes. 'Hello.' Sang Ye's greeting was very urban. She was cutting fabric on the desk." (Trans. 64) The work explains that this way of greeting is not the habit of the locals, but rather urbanized. "A man came in from the door, saw Yin Dao yan, and immediately put down the shoulder pole he was carrying, leaned on it, stood still, and respectfully shouted, 'Comrade Yin is here.' Comrade Yin said, 'Finished work, Old De?'" (Trans. 59) This is the way the locals greet each other.

3. be torn open 被撕开

3. be torn open - be torn apart

4. dye /dai/ vt染，把染上颜色

4. dye /dai/ vt. to dye, to color with dye

5. go by (时间)过去；经过

5. Go by (time) has passed; gone by

6. support /sE'pR:t/ vt支撑；支持；维持

6. support /sE'pR:t/ vt to support; to uphold; to maintain

7. medical examination 体格检查

7. medical examination - physical examination

8. pay off R

8. Pay off R

9. Pisa /'pi:zE/ n比萨(意大利城市)

9. Pisa /'pi:zE/ n Pisa (an Italian city)

10. reject /ri'dVEekt/ vt抛弃；拒收

10. reject /ri'dVEekt/ vt. to discard; to refuse to accept

11. 水是铁，肥是钢，少了一样田着慌。

11. Water is iron, fertilizer is steel, without either, the field is in a panic.

12. 保土必先保水，治土必先治山。

12. To conserve soil, one must first conserve water; to manage soil, one must first manage the mountains.

13. hold one's head high 昂首；趾高气扬

13. hold one's head high - hold one's head up; be self-satisfied and proud

14. 春雨少，用水浇；夏雨多，开渠道。

14. In spring, when there is little rain, water is used for irrigation; in summer, when there is plenty of rain, channels are opened.

15. There is nothing in the room

15. There is nothing in the room.

16. 好钢要炼，好苗要锄。

16. Good steel needs to be forged, and good seedlings need to be weeded.

17. the Prime Minister 首相，丞相；总理

17. the Prime Minister - Prime Minister, Premier; Prime Minister

18. before long 不久以后

18. before long - in a short time, soon

19. 对“回头”一词的选择。如“你先吃饭， 再谈。”此空格处，江西人说地方普通话时一般选用“回头”，不选用或少选用“等一下”“吃完”之类。当然表示“少等一会儿；过一段时间再说；眼前的这件事完了再说”这个义项的“回头”，《现代汉语词典》已收，已经是共同语成分，但一定地域的人们不使用近义的“等一会”“待会儿”之类，而普遍选用“回头”，这就是一种明显的地方表达习惯。这种表达习惯在地方书面语中也有充分的表现。如《将军镇》（

19. The choice of the word "回头." For example, in the phrase "You eat first, then we'll talk." In the local Putonghua spoken by people from Jiangxi, the word "回头" is generally used in this blank, rather than "Wait a moment" or "After eating" and the like. Of course, the "回头" that expresses the meaning of "wait a little while; talk about it after a while; discuss this matter at a later time" has been included in the "Contemporary Chinese Dictionary" and has already become a part of the common language, but people in a certain region do not use synonyms like "Wait a moment" or "Later on," but universally choose "回头." This is a clear local expression habit. This expression habit is also fully reflected in local written language. For example, in the work "General's Town" (

20. fence /fens/ n篱笆；栅栏

20. fence /fens/ n. fence; railing

21. 六十天的猪崽，三十天的秧。

21. Pigs at 60 days, seedlings at 30 days.

22. 如南昌人说地方普通话时高频率使用“（你）晓得啵”“（你）晓得吧”，并不要求听话人回答什么。这是一个近似于口头禅一样的格式，一个固定的习用语：有时也可起到一定的语篇衔接作用；有特定的语用意义，提醒听话人注意，或引出下文，或总结上文，或表示话语中段落之间的语音停顿。这并不是个人性的言语习惯而是地域性的言语习惯。其使用频率高于普通话中的“你知道”，固定程度也强于普通话中的“你知道”。普通话中的这个“你知道”，陶红印认为，“作为一个整体也可以看作是一个正在演化中的语用标记。”（

22. When Nanchang people speak the local Putonghua, they frequently use "do you know?" or "you know?" in a high pitch, without expecting a response from the listener. This is a format similar to a catchphrase, a fixed idiom: it can also serve as a certain discourse link; it has specific pragmatic meanings, reminding the listener to pay attention, or to lead into the next part, or to summarize the previous part, or to indicate the phonetic pauses between paragraphs in the discourse. This is not a personal speech habit, but a regional speech habit. Its usage frequency is higher than that of "do you know" in Putonghua, and its fixedness is also stronger than that of "do you know" in Putonghua. Tao Hongyin believes that in Putonghua, this "do you know" can also be regarded as a "pragmatic marker" that is evolving as a whole.

23. get hold of 握，抓住

23. get hold of - to seize, grasp

24. expression /iks'preFEn/ n表达；词句；表情

24. expression /ɪkˈspresən/ n expression; phrase; facial expression

25. Jeanne Forrestier /'VEa:n fRres'tje/ 让娜·福雷斯蒂埃

25. Jeanne Forrestier /'dʒæn fɔrstjeɪ/ Jeanne Forrestier

26. weaver /'wi:vE/ n织布工；编织者

26. weaver /'wi:vE/ n weaver; weaver

27. pain /pein/ n疼痛

27. pain /pein/ n. pain

28. now and then 时而，不时

28. now and then - occasionally, from time to time

29. 某些辞格的常用成分的选择具有地域性，在地方普通话中也常用

29. The selection of common components in certain rhetorical devices has a regional character and is also commonly used in local Mandarin.

30. Wind dries the seedling field and rain dries the seedling field.

30. Wind dries the seedling field, and rain dries the seedling field.

31. raise /'reiz/ vt饲养

31. raise /'reiz/ vt. raise livestock / animals

32. parcel /'pa:sl/ n包裹

32. parcel /'pa:sl/ n package

33. giant /'dVEaiEnt/ n巨人

33. giant /'dʒaɪənt/ n. giant /巨人/

34. industry /'indEstri/ n工业，产业

34. industry /'indəstri/ n. industry, industry sector

35. cushion /'kuFEn/ n软垫子

35. cushion /'kuFEn/ n cushion: a soft pad used to support the body, especially one for a chair or a seat.

36. bury /'beri/ vt埋葬

36. bury /ˈbɜːri/ verb to bury

37. act /Akt/ vi行动；做，做事

37. act /Akt/ vi act; do; perform

38. material /mE'tiEriEl/ n原料；材料

38. material /mE'tiEriEl/ n raw material; material

39. dark /da:k/ adj黑暗的

39. dark /da:k/ adj dark

40. battle /'bAtl/ n战役；会战；战斗

40. battle /'bætəl/ n. battle; campaign; combat

41. 关于代词some-, any-, no-, every-:

41. Concerning the demonstrative pronouns some-, any-, no-, every-:

42. B This flower is more beautiful than that one

42. B This flower is more beautiful than that one.

43. thirsty /'WE:sti/ adj渴的

43. thirsty /'θɜːsti/ adj. Thirsty

44. We/You/They aren’t

44. We/You/They are not

45. telephone /'telifEun/ n电话 vt&vi打电话

45. telephone /'telifən/ n. telephone vt. & vi. to make a telephone call

46. grassland /'gra:slAnd/ n牧场；草地；草原

46. grassland /'gra:slænd/ n. pasture; grassland; meadow

47. going to be…

47. going to be... translates to "going to be..." in English. This phrase is typically used to express future intentions or expectations. Without more context, it's difficult to provide a specific translation, as the phrase could refer to a variety of future events or states.

48. 第216页）释义是：“因雨水过多而使水位上涨”，如：“旧年（注：去年）涨水，淊[ηаn]了好多房子。”这是对“涨水”从静态的角度对其词汇意义所作的解释。而实际的言语运用却有其方言习惯：人们见到地面积水（如下雨、水龙头没关、有人故意倒水等任何原因致使地面积水），就会说：“涨水啦。”“涨水啦？”“涨水啦！”熊正辉的释义并没有概括这种地方性的运用习惯和使用场合。而北方方言区的人们在说普通话时，见到这种情况的言语反应一般不是习惯性地脱口而出“涨水啦”，而可能说“哪来这么多水”或者其他词句。

48. (On page 216) The interpretation is: "Water levels rise due to excessive rainfall," as in: "The river flooded last year (note: the previous year), and a lot of houses were submerged." This is an explanation of the term "flood" from a static perspective of its lexical meaning. However, the actual use of language in speech has its local dialectic habits: when people see water accumulating on the ground (due to reasons such as rain, left-open taps, or someone deliberately pouring water, etc.), they will say, "The water has risen." "Has the water risen?" "The water has risen!" Xiong Zhenghui's interpretation does not encompass this local usage habit and the situations in which it is used. People in northern dialect regions, when speaking Mandarin, generally do not habitually blurt out "The water has risen" in this situation, but may say "Where did all this water come from" or other phrases.

49. Am I going to be

49. Am I going to be...

50. law /lR:/ n法律，法令

50. law /lɔː/ n. law, legislation

51. crash /krAF/ n(树倒下的)哗啦声

51. crash /krAF/ n. the sound of a tree falling (the sound of a tree falling over)

52. silence /'sailEns/ n寂静，沉默

52. silence /'sailEns/ n. silence, stillness

53. 方言中表达某些口气时的常用表达方式，带有地域习惯

53. Common expressions in dialects used to convey certain tones, which carry regional habits.

54. inspire /in'spaiE/ vt鼓舞；激励

54. inspire /in'spaiər/ verb to inspire; to motivate

55. airport /'/EpR:t/ n航空站；飞机场

55. airport /'eəpɔːrt/ n. airport; aviation station

56. remarry /'ri:'mAri/ vi再婚；再娶；再嫁

56. remarry /'ri:'mærɪ/ vi. to marry again; to wed again; to re-marry

57. Galileo /gAli'leiEu/ 伽利略

57. Galileo /gæ'liːlɪəu/ Galileo

58. bad-tempered /'bAd 'tempEd/ adj脾气坏的

58. bad-tempered /'bAd 'tempEd/ adj. having a bad or short temper; irritable

59. get used to 习惯于

59. get used to - get accustomed to

60. We don’t want to see anyone of them

60. We don't want to see any of them.

61. nut /nQt/ n坚果(如胡桃等)

61. nut /nQt/ n nut (such as walnuts)

62. ball /bR:l/ n舞会

62. ball /bR:l/ n. party

63. painfully /'peinfuli/ adv痛苦地

63. Painfully /ˈpeɪnflɪ/ adv. Painfully

64. from time to time 不时地

64. from time to time - occasionally

65. within /wi'Tin/ prep在里面

65. within /wiˈðɪn/ prep. inside / 在里面

66. natural /'nAtFErEl/ adj自然的

66. natural /nAtFErEl/ adj natural