1. 是为夏季之始，小麦齐穗，开始养花上浆。农谚有“立夏不出头，割了喂老牛”、“立夏麦挑旗，小满麦秀齐”。此时各种侯鸟相继入境，红薯芽普遍移栽下地，并继续播种旱秋作物，黄瓜成熟。农谚有“四月八，鲜黄瓜”，“立夏种棉花，有苗无疙瘩”。本县有“立夏见三新—大蒜、樱桃、豌豆”之说。立夏日忌无雨、无风。俗以为立夏日无雨，主旱。俗谚云：“立夏不下，旱到麦罢”，“立夏不下，高挂犁耙”，“立夏刮东风，药铺把门封”，“稻花要雨，麦花要风”。

1. This marks the beginning of summer, with wheat ears blooming and the start of flower cultivation and waxing. There is an old saying, "If wheat does not emerge by the Day of the Dragon, cut it and feed the old oxen," and "If wheat flags by the Day of the Dragon, it will be lush by the Grain in Ear." At this time, various migratory birds相继 arrive, sweet potato sprouts are widely transplanted, and dry autumn crops continue to be sown, and cucumbers mature. There is an old saying, "On the eighth day of the fourth month, fresh cucumbers," and "Plant cotton on the Day of the Dragon, and there will be no seedlings with lumps." In this county, there is a saying, "On the Day of the Dragon, see three new things — garlic, cherries, and peas." It is considered unlucky on the Day of the Dragon to have no rain or wind. It is believed that if there is no rain on the Day of the Dragon, it will lead to drought. A folk saying goes, "If it does not rain on the Day of the Dragon, the drought will last until wheat harvest," "If it does not rain on the Day of the Dragon, hang up the plow and harrow," "If the east wind blows on the Day of the Dragon, the pharmacy will close its doors," "Rice flowers need rain, wheat flowers need wind."

2. 春季过半，气候转暖，昼渐长，夜渐短，麦子生长迅速，开始起身，有“麦过春分昼夜忙”，“春分麦起身，一刻值千金”之俗谚。应加强麦田管理，施肥、中耕，严禁牲畜吃青。春分有雨，兆人们身体康健，有“春分有雨，病人稀”之俗谚。

2. Halfway through spring, the climate warms up, days become longer, and nights shorter. The wheat grows rapidly and begins to sprout, with the folk saying, "Wheat busy day and night after the spring equinox," and "The wheat rises at the spring equinox, a moment is worth ten thousand." It is necessary to strengthen the management of wheat fields, apply fertilizers, and till the soil, and strictly prohibit livestock from eating green plants. If there is rain on the spring equinox, it portends that people will be healthy, with the folk saying, "If there is rain on the spring equinox, there will be fewer sick people."

3. 涝助田，旱锄田。

3. During the flood, assist in the fields; during the drought, hoe the fields.

4. 秋季的一半，此后北半球渐短，夜渐长。秋分后，既要抓紧送粪犁地，积极备播小麦，又夹带收秋，是秋季最忙时期。农谚有：“秋分一半家，寒露满天下”，“秋分一到，谷场见稻”。“秋分过五，小麦入土。”“秋天弯弯腰，强似春天转一遭儿”。“一年辛勤在于秋，粮不入屋不算收”，“三春不如一秋忙，收不到屋里不算粮”。“七月底，八月岸儿，新谷子米汤麻杆盐儿”。秋分前后，月亮落地的变化，将直接预示着来年年景的好坏。俗谚云：“七月十五早看天，强似抽签问神仙;月亮落地接云彩，年景好的说不得;月亮落地光塌塌，明年粮食打不发”。

4. Half of autumn, thereafter in the Northern Hemisphere, the days become shorter and the nights longer. After the autumnal equinox, it is necessary to both hurry up with manure spreading and plowing, actively prepare for sowing wheat, and also to harvest the autumn crops, which is the busiest time of autumn. There is an old saying: "Half of the autumn is over, frost is everywhere," and "Once the autumnal equinox arrives, the rice fields are visible." "After the fifth day of the autumnal equinox, wheat is sown into the ground." "Bending over in autumn is stronger than turning around in spring." "A year's hard work is in autumn, and food not stored in the house is not considered a harvest," "Three springs are not as busy as one autumn, and not being able to store it in the house is not considered grain." "By the end of July, the beginning of August, new grain porridge, reed salt." Before and after the autumnal equinox, the changes in the moon's descent will directly predict the good or bad of the coming year. An old saying goes: "On the 15th of July, looking at the sky is better than drawing lots to ask the gods; when the moon descends and meets the clouds, the year is said to be good; when the moon descends and the light is dim, the grain will not grow next year."

5. 人不勤，地不灵。

5. If people are not diligent, the land will not be fertile.

6. 时值中秋，天气转凉，夜间露水发白。农事活动开始收获高粱和早玉米。腾茬子，早耕，小麦备播，育油菜苗。农谚有：“白露种高山，寒露种平川(小麦)”，“白露割谷”，“白露没有雨，犁地要早起”。“秋收打谷又犁田，来年又是大丰年”。

6. As the Mid-Autumn Festival approaches, the weather turns cooler, and dew on the ground glows white at night. Agricultural activities begin to harvest sorghum and early corn. It's time to prepare the fields, do early plowing, prepare wheat for sowing, and cultivate rapeseed seedlings. There is an old saying: "Sow on the high mountains during White Dew, and on the plains during Cold Dew (for wheat)", "Reap the rice during White Dew", and "If there is no rain during White Dew, it is necessary to start plowing early." The autumn harvest combines both threshing rice and plowing the fields, and it portends another bountiful year in the coming year.

7. 苗要好，除虫早。

7. To have good seedlings, start pest control early.

8. 雨水日下雨，预兆成丰收。

8. Rain on the day of the rain, portends a bountiful harvest.

9. 一年劳动在于收，谷不到家不算收。

9. One year's labor comes down to the harvest, and if the grain doesn't reach home, it's not considered a harvest.

10. 一亩不治，百亩遭秧。

10. If one mu is not properly managed, a hundred mu will suffer.

11. 开春杀一虫，强于秋后杀百虫。

11. Killing one worm in the spring is stronger than killing a hundred worms in autumn.

12. 入春以后，东南风始吹，雨水开始增多。雨水过后，开始植树，并准备下红薯母、育红薯苗的牛粪。有“春雨贵如油”、“冬春雨水贵似油、莫让一滴白白流”、“一场春雨一场暖，一场秋雨一场寒”，“雨水无雨天要旱，清明无雨多吃面”的农谚。雨水是果树嫁接的好时间，有“雨水节，把树接”的农谚。

12. After the arrival of spring, the southeast wind begins to blow, and the amount of rain starts to increase. After the rain, people begin to plant trees and prepare cow dung for planting sweet potato roots and cultivating sweet potato seedlings. There are agricultural proverbs such as "Spring rain is as precious as oil," "Winter and spring rain is as precious as oil, don't let a drop go to waste," "A spring rain brings warmth, a fall rain brings cold," "If there is no rain during the Rain Water season, it will be dry, and if there is no rain during the Qingming festival, eat more noodles." Rainwater is a good time for fruit tree grafting, and there is a proverb: "On the Rain Water Festival, graft the trees."

13. 为一年中气温最高的时期，正值伏中。谷子甩大叶，黄豆二棚楼，头二茬地均中耕完毕。注意治虫、防旱、防涝等事。农谚有：“冷在三九，热在三伏”， “三伏不热，五谷不结”，“小暑大暑，热死老鼠”，“小暑不算热，大暑压草肥”，“头伏有雨。二伏旱，三伏有雨吃饱饭”，“大暑到立秋，割草压肥不能丢”，“头伏萝卜，二伏芥，三伏里头种白菜”，“伏里种豆，收成不厚”，“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，“六月六，芽子红薯线穗粗”。

13. This period is the hottest time of the year, known as the Dog Days. The millet has shed its large leaves, and the soybeans have reached the second stage of growth. The first and second crops have been cultivated. Attention should be paid to pest control, drought prevention, and flood prevention. There is an old saying: "The coldest time is during the 'Sanjiu' (the nine days at the end of winter), and the hottest time is during the 'Dog Days'." "If the Dog Days are not hot, the grains will not mature," "During the Small and Great Heat, the heat can kill rats," "The Small Heat is not as hot, but the Great Heat presses the grass to become rich," "If it rains during the first Dog Day, it will be dry during the second, and it will rain during the third, and you will have enough to eat," "From the Great Heat to the beginning of autumn, you cannot neglect cutting grass and pressing it for fertilizer," "During the Dog Days, plant radishes in the first Dog Day, mustard in the second, and cabbage in the third," "Planting beans during the Dog Days will not yield much," "Three rains during the Dog Days will make the thin land grow good hemp," "On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the sprouts of sweet potatoes have thick stems."

14. 今年的雪水大，明年的麦子好。

14. This year's snowmelt is abundant, next year's wheat will be good.

15. 进入一年中最寒冷的时候，时在十二月，准备过春节。“小寒、大寒、杀猪过年”。

15. As winter, the coldest time of the year, approaches in December, preparations are made for the Spring Festival. "Little Cold, Great Cold, Kill the pig to celebrate the New Year."

16. 麦收九成熟，不收十成落。

16. When the wheat is nine-tenths ripe, if you don't harvest it, it will fall to ten-tenths.

17. 秋季开始，时在三伏之中。农事有“立了秋，挂锄钩”之说。意为庄稼不再锄了，还有“立罢秋，万事休”，“立秋种芝麻，老死不开花”，意为此时各种作物不能再种了。但亦有“立秋前后，燕瓜绿豆”，“立秋栽葱，白露种蒜”，“六月秋，老秧丢，七月秋，老秧收”之谚，是说在立秋时绿豆还可播种(收成不多)，可栽葱。育的秧苗如果立秋在六月，不能再栽了，立秋在七月，移栽的秧苗还能有收成。立秋是当地农家的大节气，是庄稼接近成熟的季节，“立秋三天遍地红”，指高粱穗变红成熟。“棉花立了秋，大头、小头一齐揪”。立秋日忌雷、雨、风。俗谚云：“雷打秋，晚禾折半收”，“秋前北风，秋后雨，秋后北风干到底”。

17. The autumn begins, and it is in the middle of the Dog Days. There is a saying in agricultural activities, "When the autumn sets in, put the hoe away." This means that the crops are no longer weeded. There are also sayings like "After the autumn sets in, all things are at rest" and "Sow sesame after the autumn sets in, and it will not bloom until old age," indicating that no more crops can be planted at this time. However, there are also proverbs such as "Sow mung bean before and after the autumn sets in," "Plant scallions after the autumn sets in, and plant garlic after the White Dew," and "In June, when the autumn sets in, old seedlings are discarded; in July, when the autumn sets in, old seedlings are harvested." These sayings mean that green beans can still be sown (but the yield is not much) and scallions can be planted around the time of the autumn equinox. If the seedlings are planted in June, they can no longer be transplanted, but if they are transplanted in July, they can still yield a harvest. The autumn equinox is a major season for local farmers, the time when crops are approaching maturity, and it is said that "Three days after the autumn equinox, the ground is all red," referring to the red and mature ears of sorghum. "Cotton sets in autumn, big head and small head together plucked." It is taboo to have thunder, rain, or wind on the day of the autumn equinox. A popular saying goes, "If there is thunder on the day of the autumn equinox, the late crops will be half harvested," and "Before the autumn, there is north wind; after the autumn, there is rain; after the autumn, the north wind dries everything to the end."

18. 正月初九寒，早秧多满田。

18. The ninth day of the first lunar month is cold, and the early seedlings are full of the fields.

19. 一雪虫虫无踪，二雪来年大丰。

19. One snow clears away all pests, and the second snow brings abundant harvests for the following year.

20. 一人一把火，螟虫无处躲。

20. One person with a fire, the worms have no place to hide.

21. 春耕深一寸，可顶一遍粪。

21. Deepen the spring plowing by an inch, and it's equivalent to one application of manure.

22. 今年大雪飘，明年收成好。

22. This year heavy snow falls, next year the harvest will be good.

23. 甘薯马铃薯，同类不同储。

23. Sweet potatoes and potatoes, the same type but different storage methods.

24. 行船防滩，作田防旱。

24. Prevent boat grounding and protect crops from drought.

25. 瑞雪兆丰年的前上一句是红梅报新春，瑞雪兆丰年是一句谚语。意思是冬天如果下了大雪，就预示者来年一定是个大丰收，人们在农耕的生活中总结出了经验，其实还是有科学依据的。

25. The previous sentence to "A timely snow in winter promises a bountiful harvest" is "Red plum blossoms herald the new spring." "A timely snow in winter promises a bountiful harvest" is a proverb. It means that if it snows heavily in winter, it is a sign that the coming year will be prosperous with abundant harvests. People have summed up this experience from their agricultural life, and in fact, it still has a scientific basis.

26. 一场雪，一场雨，雪大雨大。

26. A snowfall, a rainfall, the heavier the snow, the heavier the rain.

27. 丰收要靠劳动，强身要靠卫生。

27. Abundance depends on labor, and strength on hygiene.

28. 每年6月6日前后，太阳黄经75°时开始。全县农事活动主要是收割小麦，抢种晚秋，管好大秧。农村大忙开始，故有“打春一百，掂镰割麦”，“芒种忙，三两场”，“春争日，夏争时”之语。夏收、夏种、夏管统称“三夏”。三夏生产突出四个“抢”字，即一是抢收。“收麦如救火，龙口把粮夺”，小麦蜡黄就收，“麦穗发了黄，绣女也下床”，“七成收，八成丢”，“麦熟八九动手割，甭等熟透籽粒落”，“等了一粒青，损了十粒黄”，“要保粮食大丰收，一粒一穗不能丢”，“麦天弯弯腰，拾个白卷糕”，“夏收有五忙，收、运、打、晒、藏”;二是抢种，小麦收后趁墒抢种秋作物。“收麦不顾种，秋后难顾命”，“麦茬耩芝麻，苗出快灭茬”，“一棵红薯一把灰，红薯结成一大堆”;三是抢打(脱粒)，夏至前要打完场。“夏至不打场，再打是把糠”，“拉到场里算一半，装到囤里才收完”;四是抢管，“种子落地，管子上马”，及时定苗，锄草保墒。“一种得九管，收成才保险”，“五黄六月去种田，一天一夜差一拳”，“人误地一时，地误人一年”，“锄头有火，锄头有水”，“夏天撞破皮，胜似冬天犁一犁儿”，“人勤地不懒，全在人照管”。夏收时，进场不带火，不吸烟，不许光肚娃儿进场，忌 “净光”，“少见”、“没风”、“净啦”等话，过去有“妇女不进场，进场不吉祥”的说法。

28. The solar terms begin around June 6th each year, when the sun's longitude reaches 75°. The main agricultural activities in the county are harvesting wheat, planting late autumn crops, and managing the seedlings. The rural busy season begins, hence the saying "One hundred days of spring, the sickle is ready to cut wheat," "The busy season of the Grain in the Ear, three times of work," and "Spring struggles for days, summer struggles for time." Summer harvest, summer planting, and summer management are collectively known as the "Three Summers." The production of the Three Summers emphasizes four "rushing" words: first, rushing to harvest. "Harvesting wheat is like extinguishing a fire, seizing grain from the dragon's mouth," wheat turns waxy yellow and is harvested, "when the wheat ear turns yellow, even the weavers get out of bed," "70% harvested, 80% lost," "When the wheat is ripe, start cutting, don't wait for the seeds to fall," "Waiting for one green grain, losing ten yellow grains," "To ensure a great grain harvest, not a single grain or ear can be lost," "Bend over in the wheat field, pick up a white cake," "There are five busy times in summer harvest, harvesting, transporting, threshing, drying, and storing"; second, rushing to plant, planting autumn crops after wheat is harvested; "If you don't plant after harvesting wheat, you'll have a hard time after autumn," "Sow sesame after wheat stubble, the seedlings come out quickly and the stubble is burned," "One sweet potato needs a handful of ash, the sweet potatoes are gathered in a big pile"; third, rushing to thresh (de-hulling), the threshing ground must be completed before the Solstice. "If you don't thresh before the Solstice, the next time you thresh, it will be chaff," "Carrying it to the threshing ground is half done, it's only finished when it's stored in the granary"; fourth, rushing to manage, "When the seeds are sown, start managing," timely thinning and weeding to conserve moisture. "Planting is nine times more work than harvesting, and only when it's harvested can you be sure," "In the fifth and sixth months of the year, go to the field, one night's difference is a fist," "A person can waste the land for a while, but the land can waste a person for a year," "The hoe has fire, the hoe has water," "Summer sunburn is better than plowing in winter," "Hard work makes the land fertile, all depends on the care of the person." During the summer harvest, no fire is allowed in the field, no smoking, and naked children are not allowed to enter. It is taboo to say things like "clean," "rare," "windless," and "all done." There was a saying in the past that "women should not enter the field, and entering the field is not auspicious."

29. 春荒不要懒，防荒多生产。

29. Don't be lazy during the spring drought, and prevent the drought by producing more.

30. 麦捆根，谷捆梢，芝麻捆在半中腰。

30. Wheat sheaves at the roots, grain bundles at the tips, sesame bundles in the middle.

31. 大雪兆丰年，无雪要遭殃。

31. Heavy snow promises a bountiful harvest, while no snow brings misfortune.

32. 丰收万石，也要粗茶淡饭。

32. Even with a bountiful harvest of ten thousand stones, one should still live simply with coarse tea and plain food.

33. 春耕不肯忙，秋后脸饿黄。

33. If one does not busy oneself with spring plowing, their face will turn yellow with hunger after autumn.

34. 立春俗称“打春”。前一天叫“迎春”，民间以立春日为一年农事之始，是植物开始萌动生长，人们开始备耕之时。史载，周武王曾责令地方官每年举行 “迎春”仪式。立春前一天，各地方官浴身素服步行郊外“迎春”，次日聚集乡民、焚香上供、叩头礼拜，使“芒神”举鞭抽打土牛，意在打去春牛惰性，迎来全年丰收，宣告春耕播种大忙开始。后来，春牛用竹篾扎成牛状，以纸糊成，内装花生、核桃枣，于立春之日，用鞭击牛，击破之后，人们争食散出之果以庆贺春季之到来，也有内装五谷的，像征五谷丰登之意。现在没有打春牛的活动了，但社旗周围仍把立春说成“打春”，并有“春雷动，阳气生”，“春打六九头，种上芝麻吃香油，春打五九尾，种上谷子也吃米”，“打罢春，阳气透，笑看富人穿得厚”的农谚。立春日天气与年景有关，俗以为立春宜晴不宜阴，晴则兆丰，阴则兆灾。有民谣“立春清明又和暖，农人鼓腹皆翘天，倘若风阴与昏暗，五谷不登人不安。”又有“晴则诸事吉，阴则万事愁”。“立春晴一天，农夫好种田。” “立春三日晴，今年好收成。”“立春阴，一春阴，立春晴，一春晴，阴阴晴晴到清明”。“立春有雨连清明”的说法。对于一年两个“立春日”的年份，有“一年两个春，黄牛贵似金”、“两春夹一冬，十个牛栏，九个空”的农谚。

34. The beginning of spring, commonly known as "Dachun" (beat the spring), is the day before called "Yingchun" (welcome the spring). The people consider the day of the beginning of spring as the start of the year's agricultural activities, when plants begin to sprout and grow, and people start preparing for farming. It is recorded in history that King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty once ordered local officials to hold the "Yingchun" ceremony every year. On the day before the beginning of spring, local officials would bathe, dress in plain clothes, and walk to the suburbs to welcome the spring. The next day, they would gather villagers, burn incense, offer sacrifices, and kowtow in worship, making the "Mangshen" (God of the Rice) lift the whip to strike the soil bull. The intention was to beat away the laziness of the spring bull, welcome the year's abundant harvest, and declare the beginning of the busy spring planting season. Later, the soil bull was made in the shape of a bull with bamboo strips and covered with paper, filled with peanuts, walnuts, and dates. On the day of the beginning of spring, people would hit the bull with a whip, break it open, and争食散出之果 to celebrate the arrival of spring. Some were also filled with grains, symbolizing the prosperity of five cereals. Now, the activity of beating the spring bull no longer exists, but around the village banners, the beginning of spring is still called "Dachun", and there are farmer proverbs such as "Spring thunder roars, Yang (positive) Qi rises", "Beat the sixth nine head, plant sesame to eat sesame oil; Beat the tail of the fifth nine, plant millet to eat rice", and "After beating the spring, Yang Qi permeates, smiling to see the rich dressed warmly". The weather on the day of the beginning of spring is related to the year's harvest. It is commonly believed that the beginning of spring should be sunny rather than cloudy; sunshine heralds prosperity, while clouds portend disaster. There is a folk song, "The beginning of spring and the Qingming Festival are warm, farmers are so happy that they are full of joy. If the wind is cloudy and dark, grains will not grow and people will not be at ease." There is also the saying, "Sunny means all things are auspicious, and cloudy means all things are anxious." "If it is sunny on the day of the beginning of spring, farmers will have a good time planting." "If it is sunny for three days after the beginning of spring, this year will have a good harvest." "If it is cloudy on the day of the beginning of spring, it will be cloudy all spring; if it is sunny, it will be sunny all spring; cloudy and sunny lead up to Qingming Festival." There is also the saying, "If there is rain on the day of the beginning of spring, it will continue to rain until Qingming Festival." For years with two "beginnings of spring", there are farmer proverbs such as "Two springs in a year, the oxen are as valuable as gold," and "Two springs in one winter, ten cowsheds, nine empty."

35. 合理密植真正好，光长禾苗不长草。

35. Properly spaced planting is truly good; only the rice seedlings grow, not the weeds.

36. 今年大雪飘，明年庄稼好。

36. This year heavy snow falls, next year the crops will be good.