1. 永怀愁不寐，松月夜窗虚。孟浩然《岁暮归南山》

1. Always carrying sorrow, I cannot sleep; the pine moon casts an empty glow through the night window. From Meng Haoran's "Return to南山at the End of the Year".

2. 但愁敲桂棹，悲吟梁父，泪流如雨。朱敦儒《水龙吟·放船千里凌波去》

2. But to worry about the sound of the cypress oar, to sorrowfully sing the Liangfu, tears flowing like rain. Zhu Dunyu, "Shui Long Yin · Set Sail A Thousand Miles Across the Waves."

3. 辇毂繁华事可伤，师师重老过湖湘。刘子翚《汴京纪事》

3. The splendor of the carriage wheels is a source of sorrow, as the old Shishi crosses the lakes and Xiang. Liu Zihui's "Records of Bianjing."

4. 忙日苦多闲日少，新愁常续旧愁生。陆游《浣溪沙·和无咎韵》

4. The busy days are filled with hardship, while the leisurely days are scarce. New worries often follow old ones. From Lu You's poem "Washing Sand · In the韵 of Wu Jiu".

5. 横笛和愁听，斜枝倚病看。崔道融《梅花》

5. Listen to the horizontal flute and the sorrowful sounds, lean against the sickly branches to watch. From "Plum Blossom" by Cui Daorong.

6. 香帏风动花入楼，高调鸣筝缓夜愁。王昌龄《青楼怨》

6. The curtain sways with the breeze, flowers drift into the pavilion, a high-pitched zither soothes the night's sorrow. From "Complaint of the Young Lady in the Green Pavilion" by Wang Changling.

7. 伤心庾开府，老作北朝臣。司空曙《金陵怀古》

7. The heartbroken Yu Kai府, old as a Northern Dynasty minister. From Si Kong Xu's poem "Recollections of Jinling".

8. 麦浪翻晴风飐柳，已过伤春候。纳兰性德《四和香·麦浪翻晴风飐柳》

8. The wheat waves roll with the sunny breeze, and the days of mourning spring are past. - Nalan Xingde, "Four Harmony Fragrance · Wheat Waves Roll with the Sunny Breeze and the Wind Whips the Willows"

9. 几日喜春晴，几夜愁春雨。高观国《卜算子·泛西湖坐间寅斋同赋》

9. Several days of joy with spring sunshine, several nights of worry with spring rain. A poem by Gao Guanguo, titled "Bu Suan Zi · Floating on West Lake While Sitting, Yan Zhai and I Composed Together."

10. 张养浩自幼才学过人，曾向平章不忽木献书，被提拔，后任堂邑县尹、监察御史等职，因评时政，得罪当权者被罢官，为避祸不得不隐姓埋名；后被召起，官至礼部尚书。

10. Zhang Yanghao was exceptionally talented from a young age and once submitted a book to Pingzhang Bu Hum, which earned him a promotion. He later served as the magistrate of Tangyi County and as a censorial inspector, among other positions. Due to his criticisms of the government of the time, he offended those in power and was dismissed from office. To avoid trouble, he had to conceal his identity. Later, he was summoned back to serve and eventually reached the rank of Minister of Rites.

11. 柳锁莺魂，花翻蝶梦，自知愁染潘郎。史达祖《夜合花·柳锁莺魂》

11. The willow locks the swallow's soul, flowers turn butterflies' dreams, and I know the sorrow has stained Pan Lang. Shi Dazhu, "Night Flower · The Willow Locks the Swallow's Soul"

12. 元代的统治者对读书人实行民族歧视政策，直到元仁宗延祐二年（1315年）才正式实行科举取士制度，况且这种制度也是不公平的，这就造成下层读书人在很大程度上对元统治者失去信心，对社会缺少责任感，所以同时期其他作家怀古作品都深刻地打上时代地烙印：他们或感伤古王朝之覆，发一通思古之幽情；或感叹古今之巨变，流露对世事人生把握不定之惶恐；或有感于岁月流逝，抒发个人沉沦不遇之忧情。惟有《潼关怀古》洋溢着沉重的沧桑感和时代感。

12. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty implemented a policy of ethnic discrimination against scholars until the second year of the reign of Emperor Renzong (1315), when the official civil service examination system was formally implemented. Moreover, this system was also unfair, which caused the lower-class scholars to lose confidence in the Yuan rulers to a large extent and to lack a sense of social responsibility. This is why the works of other writers from the same period were deeply imbued with the stamp of their times: they might lament the fall of ancient dynasties, expressing a melancholic sentiment for the past; or they might sigh over the tremendous changes between ancient and modern times, revealing a sense of anxiety about the unpredictability of the world and life; or they might feel the passing of time, expressing personal worries about being lost and not being recognized. Only "Recollections of the Tonggu Pass" is filled with a heavy sense of vicissitude and a sense of the times.

13. 天上人间何处去，旧欢新梦觉来时，黄昏微雨画帘垂。张曙《浣溪沙·枕障薰炉隔绣帷》

13. Where has the world above and the world below gone? At the moment of waking from old dreams and new, the twilight rain drapes the painted curtain. Zhang Shu's "Bathing Sand · Pillow Partition Incense Stove Apart from Embroidered Veil."

14. 曲阑深处重相见，匀泪偎人颤。纳兰性德《虞美人·曲阑深处重相见》

14. In the depths of the winding corridor, we meet once more, tears evenly distributed, leaning against a person trembling. - Nalan Xingde, "Yu Mei Ren (The Beauty of the Peach Blossom Spring) - Reunion in the Depths of the Curved Corridor"

15. 平生不下泪，于此泣无穷。李白《江夏别宋之悌》

15. A lifetime without shedding tears, yet here I weep endlessly. Li Bai's "Farewell to Song Zhitie in Jiangxia."

16. 一任紫玉无情，夜寒吹裂。纳兰性德《琵琶仙·中秋》

16. Leave the紫玉 without compassion, the night's cold breeze tears apart. From Nalan Xingde's "Pipa Xian · Mid-Autumn Festival"

17. 蜡泪恼东风，旧垒眠新燕。纳兰性德《生查子·鞭影落春堤》

17. Bees' tears trouble the east wind, old fortress nestles new swallows. (A poem by Nalan Xingde titled "Sheng Chazi · Whip Shadow Falls on the Spring Embankment")

18. 多似浔阳江上泪。朱敦儒《减字木兰花·刘郎已老》

18. Many tears like the Xunyang River. Zhu Dunyu, "Jianzi Mulan · Liu Lang Has Become Old"

19. 倚竹不胜愁，暗想江头归路。王之道《如梦令·一晌凝情无语》

19. Unable to bear the sorrow with the bamboo, I think of the return path by the riverhead. Wang Zhi dao's "Ruyong Ling · A Moment of Gazing in Silence."

20. 倚遍阑干，只是无情绪。李清照《点绛唇·闺思》

20. Leaning on the railings all around, yet devoid of any mood. — From Li Qingzhao's poem "Dian Jiangchen · Girls' Thoughts"

21. 纱窗日落渐黄昏，金屋无人见泪痕。刘方平《春怨》

21. The bamboo window fades as dusk approaches, in the golden house, no one sees the tear stains. From Liu Fangping's "Spring Complaints."

22. 月破黄昏人断肠。谢克家《忆君王·依依宫柳拂宫墙》

22. The moon pierces the dusk, breaking the heart of a person. "Remembering the King · The tender willow by the palace wall sways," by Xie Kejia.

23. 晚日寒鸦一片愁。辛弃疾《鹧鸪天·晚日寒鸦一片愁》

23. A group of crows in the late evening evoke a sense of melancholy. (Xin Qiji, "Zhegu Tian · A group of crows in the late evening evoke a sense of melancholy.")

24. 舒卷江山图画，应答龙鱼悲啸，不暇顾诗愁。杨炎正《水调歌头·登多景楼》

24. Unfurling the landscapes of the realm, responding to the sorrowful cries of dragons and fish, there is no time to ponder over poetic worries. - From "Shui Diao Guo Tou · Ascending the Duojing Tower" by Yang Yanzheng

25. 扰扰马足车尘，被岁月无情，暗消年少。元好问《玉漏迟·咏杯》

25. Disturbing the horse's feet and the dust of the carriage, the years are merciless, slowly eroding the youth. Yuan Haowen, "Yulu Chi · Songbei"

26. 愁损北人，不惯起来听。李清照《添字丑奴儿·窗前谁种芭蕉树》

26. Grieved and sorrowful, the northerners are not accustomed to getting up to listen. Li Qingzhao's "Tianzi Chou Nuer · Who Planted the Banana Tree in Front of the Window"

27. 如今已是愁无数。周紫芝《踏莎行·情似游丝》

27. Now there are countless sorrows. Zhou Zizhi, "Treading on the Grass Path · Love as a Wandering Thread"

28. 曾苦伤春不忍听，凤城何处有花枝。李商隐《流莺》

28. Having once been heartbroken by spring, I can't bear to hear it; where does the flower branch lie in Fengcheng? Li Shangyin, "The Streamer Bird"

29. 世情薄，人情恶，雨送黄昏花易落。唐婉《钗头凤·世情薄》

29. The world is thin, people are evil, the rain brings dusk and flowers fall easily. Tang Wan, "Hairpin Bird: The Thinness of the World"

30. 正江令恨别，庾信愁赋。刘辰翁《兰陵王·丙子送春》

30. Zheng Jiang Ling (the official of Zheng Jiang) is filled with sorrowful farewells, Yu Xin (a poet) is burdened with the sadness of composing. Liu Chenweng's poem "Lan Ling Wang · Bingzi Song Chun" (Lan Ling Wang · Farewell Spring in the Year Bingzi).

31. 吾闻马周昔作新丰客，天荒地老无人识。李贺《致酒行》

31. I have heard that Ma Zhou once was a guest in Xin Feng, where no one knew him in the vastness of time and the depth of the earth. (Li He's "To the Wine Journey")

32. 料得吟鸾夜夜愁。姜夔《忆王孙·番阳彭氏小楼作》

32. Expected that the Nightingale sings in sorrow every night. From Jiang Kui's poem "Remembering Wang Sun: At the Small Pavilion of Peng's Family in Fan Yang."

33. 淇水昨送泪沾巾，红妆宿昔已应新。萧子显《春别诗四首·其三》

33. Last night, the Qi River carried away tears that soaked my handkerchief, the red dress has already been worn anew. (This is from Xiao Zixian's "Four Poems of Spring Farewell" - the third poem.)

34. 不忍覆余觞，临风泪数行。纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·催花未歇花奴鼓》

34. Cannot bear to pour out the remaining wine, tears fall in rows as I stand by the wind. - Nalan Xingde, "The Song of the Bodhisattva: Urging the Flowers to Flourish, the Flower Slave Beats the Drum"

35. 今夜送归灯火冷，河塘，堕泪羊公却姓杨。苏轼《南乡子·和杨元素时移守密州》

35. Tonight, as I send you back, the lanterns grow cold, by the river and pond, the man who shed tears is named Yang. Su Shi's "Nanxiangzi · In Response to Yang Yunsu When He Was Transferred to Serve as the Magistrate of Miyun."

36. 男儿西北有神州，莫滴水西桥畔泪。刘克庄《玉楼春·戏林推》

36. The sons of men in the northwest have the land of Shenzhou, do not shed tears by the side of the bridge to the west. From Liu Kezhuang's "Yulou Chun · Juxu Lin Tui".

37. 今年游寓独游秦，愁思看春不当春。杜审言《春日京中有怀》

37. This year I traveled alone to Qin, my sorrowful thoughts look for spring but can't find it. Du Shenyan's "Spring Thoughts in the Capital"

38. 几日寂寥伤酒后，一番萧瑟禁烟中。晏殊《无题·油壁香车不再逢》

38. After several days of solitude and sorrow from drinking, amidst a scene of desolation during the ban on smoking. Yan Shu's " Untitled · No Longer Meet the Oil Wall Car"

39. 邮亭无人处，听檐声不断，困眠初熟。周邦彦《大酺·越调春雨》

39. In the post pavilion where no one is, I hear the continuous sound of the eaves, and I am just dozing off. Zhou Bangyan's "Da Long · Yu Diao Chun Yu"

40. 午醉未醒红日晚，黄昏帘幕无人卷。苏轼《蝶恋花·蝶懒莺慵春过半》

40. Drunk at noon, not yet sober as the red evening deepens; twilight, the curtain无人touched. Su Shi's "Butterfly Love: Lazy Butterflies and Drowsy Orioles Half Through Spring"

41. 离骚读罢总堪伤。舒頔《小重山·端午》

41. Reading Lì Chuāng always brings a sense of sorrow. Shū Diàn's "Xiao Zhong Shan · Duanwu"

42. 满目山河空念远，落花风雨更伤春。晏殊《浣溪沙·一向年光有限身》

42. Empty thoughts of distant mountains and rivers, the falling flowers and rain add more sadness to spring. — Yan Shuhui, "Huaxia Sha: A Lifetime of Limited Youth"

43. 兴，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦！——元代：张养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》

43. "In prosperity, the people suffer; in decline, the people suffer!" — Yuan Dynasty: Zhang Yanghao, "Mountain Sheep: Thoughts on Tonghua Ancient Town"

44. 一晌凭栏人不见，鲛绡掩泪思量遍。冯延巳《鹊踏枝·梅落繁枝千万片》

44. For a while, leaning on the railing, I do not see anyone; silken gauze covers my tears, and I ponder over and over. Feng Yanqi's "Magpie Treading on Branches · The thousands of petals of the plum fell."

45. 三千丈清愁鬓发，五十年春梦繁华。乔吉《折桂令·客窗清明》

45. Three thousand feet of clear sorrow in the hair, fifty years of spring dreams and prosperity. Qiao Ji's "Zhe Gui Ling · Qingming at the Guest Window".

46. 不及夜台尘土隔，冷清清、一片埋愁地。纳兰性德《金缕曲·亡妇忌日有感》

46. If not for the night platform's dust that separates us, it would be a desolate, sorrow-filled land. Nalan Xingde's "Jin Lü Qu · Reflections on the Day of the Deceased Wife's Anniversary."

47. 望极春愁，黯黯生天际。柳永《蝶恋花·伫倚危楼风细细》

47. Spring melancholy stretches to the horizon, dimming the sky. Liu Yong's poem "Butterfly Love in Flower" (Chu Yizhi Weilou Feng Xin Xin).

48. 一片花飞减却春，风飘万点正愁人。杜甫《曲江二首》?>

48. A fallen flower diminishes spring, the wind carries away ten thousand, it is just distressing to people. Du Fu, "Two Poems from Qujiang"?>

49. 似醉烟景凝，如愁月露泫。崔护《五月水边柳》

49. The scenery seems drunk with smoke, as if the moon's dew weeps with sorrow. Cui Hu's "Willows by the River in May."

50. 凤凋碧柳愁眉淡，露染黄花笑靥深。晏几道《鹧鸪天·九日悲秋不到心》

50. The phoenix plucks the green willow, her eyebrows faintly sad, the dew stains the yellow chrysanthemums, and her smile is deep. Yan Jidao, "The Thrush's Day: Sadness of Autumn Not in My Heart on the Ninth Day"

51. 无人解，树转午阴凉。舒頔《小重山·端午》

51. Unsolvable mystery, the trees turn into midday shade. Shu Tuo's "Little Mountain · Dragon Boat Festival"

52. 丹砂成黄金，骑龙飞上太清家，云愁海思令人嗟。李白《飞龙引二首·其一》

52. Cinnabar turns into gold, riding the dragon soaring to the Taiqing household, the clouds sigh and the sea thinks, causing one to sigh. Li Bai, "Two Songs of the Flying Dragon - First Song"

53. 若问二妃何处所，零陵芳草露中愁。屈大均《潇湘神·零陵作》

53. If asked where the two princesses are, they are sorrowful in the dew among the fragrant grass in Lingling. Qu Dajun, "Xiangxia Shen · Lingling Zuo"

54. 可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。——唐代：白居易《卖炭翁》

54. Poor I, my clothes are thin on my body, my heart is worried about the low price of charcoal, and I wish the heavens were colder. — Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi, "The charcoal seller"

55. 沅水通波接武冈，送君不觉有离伤。王昌龄《送柴侍御》

55. The Yan River flows through to Wugang, sending you off without a trace of parting sorrow. - Wang Changling's "Farewell to Chai Shizhi"

56. 全曲采用的是层层深入的方式，由写景而怀古，再引发议论，将苍茫的景色、深沉的情感和精辞的议论三者完美结合，具有强烈的感染力，字里行间中充满着历史的沧桑感和时代感，既有怀古诗的特色，又有与众不同的沉郁风格。

56. The entire piece adopts a method of gradual deepening, starting from depicting landscapes, moving on to evoke ancient thoughts, and finally sparking discussion. It perfectly combines the vast scenery, profound emotions, and refined argumentation, with a strong sense of appeal. The text is brimming with the historical wear and tear and the sense of the times. It not only has the characteristics of ancient poetry but also exhibits a distinctive, melancholic style.

57. 红泪偷垂，满眼春风百事非。纳兰性德《采桑子·当时错》

57. Red tears偷偷滴落，眼中尽是春风百事非。From Nalan Xingde's "Cai Sang Zi · Then You Were Wrong"