1. 诸亲六眷：泛指许多亲戚。究竟指哪些亲属说法不一，较早的一种说法是指父、母、兄、弟、妻、子。

1. Zhu qin liu quan: A general term for many relatives. The specific relatives referred to can vary, with an earlier saying being that it refers to the father, mother, elder brother, younger brother, wife, and son.

2. 小嘎子：那种活泼、可爱、淘气、调皮捣蛋，但又不让人厌恶的小男孩，北方话就叫“小嘎子”。

2. Xiao Gazi: A lively, cute, mischievous, and playful little boy who is not disliked by others. In northern dialects, he is called "Xiao Gazi."

3. 季布：楚地人，曾效力于西楚霸王项羽，项羽灭亡后，在夏侯婴的说情下，被汉高祖刘邦拜为郎中。汉惠帝刘盈（刘邦和吕后之子）时，官至中郎将。汉文帝刘恒（刘邦第四子）时，任河东郡守。

3. Ji Bu: A man from the Chu region, who once served under Xiyu King Xiang Yu. After the downfall of Xiang Yu, he was appointed as a court official (Lang Zhong) by Han Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, with the mediation of Xiahou Ying. During the reign of Han Hui Emperor Liu Ying (the son of Liu Bang and Empress Dowager Lü), he held the position of Chief of the Middle Guard. Under Han Emperor Wen Di Liu Heng (the fourth son of Liu Bang), he served as the太守 of Hedong Prefecture.

4. 汉惠帝的时候，季布担任中郎将。匈奴单于曾经写信侮辱吕后，而且出言不逊，吕后大为恼火，召集众位将领来商议这件事。上将军樊哙说：“我愿带领十万人马，横扫匈奴。”各位将领都迎合吕后的心意，齐声说：“好。”

4. During the reign of Emperor Hui of Han, Ji Bu served as the General of the Middle Guards. The Xiongnu Khan once sent a letter to insult Empress Lü, using language that was disrespectful, which greatly enraged Empress Lü. She summoned the various generals to discuss the matter. General Fan Kuai, the Generalissimo, said, "I am willing to lead one hundred thousand troops to sweep the Xiongnu." All the generals concurred with Empress Lü's wishes, and they all exclaimed in unison, "Good."

5. 养心莫善于寡欲。孟轲,战国时期思想家,教育家,儒家代表人物 孟子

5. The best way to nourish the heart is to cultivate a spirit of frugality. Meng Ke, a thinker and educator of the Warring States period, is a representative figure of Confucianism, known as Mencius.

6. 文中对小嘎子摔跤时的动作描写极为细致。作者用了“站、围、蹦、转、揪、推、拉、拽、顶、扳”等表示动作的词语，从不同的方面对小嘎子的摔跤动作进行了细致描绘。在这当中，还夹杂着对嘎子心理活动的描写，比如，“欺负对手傻大黑粗，动转不灵，围着他猴儿似的蹦来蹦去，总想使巧招，下冷绊子”“小嘎子已有些沉不住气，刚想用脚去勾他的腿”，这些描写从另一个侧面丰富了人物性格。动词的准确运用和心理活动的细致刻画，塑造了小嘎子这个儿童形象，显示出作者在人物刻画上的功力。

6. The text provides an extremely detailed description of Xiao Gazi's wrestling movements. The author uses words like "stand, encircle, leap, spin, pull, push, pull, tug, top, and twist" to represent actions, and from different angles, gives a meticulous depiction of Xiao Gazi's wrestling techniques. Among these descriptions, there are also insights into Xiao Gazi's psychological activities, such as, "Taking advantage of his opponent's clumsiness and lack of agility, Xiao Gazi jumps around him like a monkey, always trying to use cunning tactics and set up traps." "Xiao Gazi is already getting impatient, and he's just about to use his foot to trip his opponent's leg." These descriptions enrich the character's personality from another perspective. The accurate use of verbs and the detailed depiction of psychological activities shape the image of Xiao Gazi as a child, demonstrating the author's skill in character portrayal.

7. 这个片段主要写了小嘎子和胖墩儿比赛摔跤的情景。先是由小嘎子提议摔跤，在摔跤的过程中，他时时处处想使巧招，结果反被胖墩儿摔了个仰面朝天，反映了小嘎子顽皮、机敏、争强好胜、富有心计的个性特点。

7. This section mainly describes the scene of a wrestling match between Xiao Gaa and Pangdun. It starts with Xiao Gaa suggesting the wrestling, during which he constantly tries to use clever tricks. However, he is flipped on his back by Pangdun, reflecting Xiao Gaa's playful, alert, ambitious, and cunning personality traits.

8. 郎中先生难医自己的病。

8. It is difficult for a doctor to cure his own illness.

9. 生：严监生的脸干瘪干瘪的，一双眼睛竭力睁得滴溜溜的圆，望见床旁的烛台，使尽浑身的气力伸出两根手指，看见大家都不了解他的心思，他气得一声连一声地咳嗽。

9. Life: Yan Jiansheng's face was withered and sunken, and his eyes were straining to bulge into a round shape. Seeing the candle stand beside the bed, he exerted all his strength to stretch out two fingers. Seeing that everyone did not understand his thoughts, he was so angry that he began to cough repeatedly.

10. 食过则成积聚，饮过则成痰癖。清代文学家 梁章矩

10. Overeating leads to accumulation, and overdrinking results in phlegm retention. This was said by the Qing Dynasty litterateur Liang Zhangju.

11. 导语：身体的健康、心理的健康和文化的健康，始终陪伴着着我成长，下面来看一些关于健康养生的谚语。

11. Introduction: The health of the body, the health of the mind, and the health of the culture have always accompanied my growth. Below, let's take a look at some proverbs about health and wellness.

12. ④一语未了，只听后院中有人笑语声，说：“我来迟了，不曾迎接远客!”

12. ④ Before the sentence was finished, someone in the backyard could be heard laughing and saying, "I'm late, I didn't get to greet the distant guest!"

13. 课后安排了3道练习题，第l题提出了朗读的具体要求。文中有些句子较长，也比较难读，学生容易把句子读破。教师要通过范读给予纠正。第2、第3题要求学生读课文，谈谈对小嘎子、严监生、王熙凤的印象，并找出最能表现人物性格的语句，体会这样写的好处。这两道题提示了教学本文的重难点。

13. Three practice exercises were arranged after class, with the first question specifying specific requirements for reading aloud. Some sentences in the text are quite long and difficult to read, making it easy for students to break the sentences while reading. The teacher should correct this by reading a passage as an example. The second and third questions require students to read the text, discuss their impressions of the characters Xiao Gai'er, Yan Jiansheng, and Wang Xifeng, and identify the sentences that best reflect the characters' personalities. This writing style is also appreciated. These two questions highlight the key teaching points and difficulties of the text.

14. 无痰则不作眩。 元代医家 朱震亨 《丹溪心法》

14. "No sputum, no dizziness." From the medical treatise of the Yuan Dynasty physician, Zhu Zhenheng, "Danxi Xinfa."

15. 食毕当行走。唐代医师与道士 孙思邈

15. After eating, one should take a walk. Sun Simiao, a physician and Taoist from the Tang Dynasty.

16. 师：同学们能够根据严监生的动作、神态猜测出他临死前的心理活动吗

16. Teacher: Can the students guess the mental activities of Mr. Yan, based on his actions and expressions before his death?

17. 课文通过两个方面的描写，展示了王熙凤的性格特征，一是从正面对王熙凤的描写，二是从侧面对王熙凤的描写。

17. The text exhibits the personality characteristics of Wang Xifeng through two aspects of description: one is the direct description of Wang Xifeng, and the other is the side description of Wang Xifeng.

18. “于是我把平生所见所闻、所知所得的‘嘎人嘎事’，尽力搜寻，桌上放张纸，想起一点记一点，忆起一条记一条，大嘎子、小嘎子、新嘎子、老嘎子，尽都蹦蹦跳跳，奔涌而至。由于我不喜欢自己的老实刻板，从幼年便把嘎子当做楷模，注意多，观察多，交往多，‘嘎相’储藏也相对较多，尤其抗日时那些嘎不溜丢的小八路们，竟伴着硝烟战火，笑眯眯地争先赶来。不多几天，那具有情节功能的嘎人嘎事，竟拉成一个长长的单子。我把单子从头细看，加以去粗取精、编排调整，一个嘎眉嘎眼的嘎子形象，便站在眼前了。”

18. "So, I made an effort to search for all the 'ga people and events' that I had seen, heard, known, and gained in my life. I placed a piece of paper on the table, and whenever I remembered something, I wrote it down. Whether it was a big ga, a small ga, a new ga, or an old ga, they all jumped and rushed to me. Since I disliked my own honest and rigid nature, I had taken the ga as a model from a young age, paying more attention, observing more, and interacting more. The 'ga appearance' I had stored was relatively abundant, especially during the Anti-Japanese War, those lively little Eight Roads with no trace of ga, who smiled and rushed to join in the midst of smoke and battle. In just a few days, the 'ga people and events' with their narrative function were compiled into a long list. I carefully examined the list from beginning to end, removing the chaff and selecting the essence, arranging and adjusting it, and then an image of a ga with a distinctive look stood before me."

19. 一个丑角进城，胜过一打医生。

19. A clown coming to town is better than a dozen doctors.

20. 好的医生也地生病，但生了病还是好医生。

20. Even good doctors can fall ill, but being ill doesn't make them any less good doctors.

21. 生：赵氏啊，到底还是你明白我的心思!挑掉一茎，这下我就放心了!

21. Child: Zhao Shi, it's still you who understand my thoughts! By picking out one stem, now I feel at ease!

22. 冬不欲极温，夏不欲穷凉。东晋医学家,道教学者,炼丹家 葛洪 《抱朴子》

22. Do not seek extreme warmth in winter, nor extreme cold in summer. Dong Jing medical expert, Taoist scholar, alchemist Ge Hong, "Ba Pu Zi".

23. 《小兵张嘎》在1958年夏季创作完成。1961年12月刊发在《河北文学》上，1962年出版了单行本。小说曾被译成多种文字，在国际上产生了广泛影响。1963年由北京**制片厂在白洋淀开拍《小兵张嘎》，导演是崔嵬和欧阳红樱，影片深受广大群众的欢迎。小说和**在1980年分别获第二届全国少年儿童文艺创作奖一等奖。

23. The novel "Xiao Bing Zhang Ga" was completed in the summer of 1958. It was published in the December 1961 issue of "Hebei Literature" and was published as a standalone book in 1962. The novel has been translated into many languages, and has had a wide impact internationally. In 1963, the Beijing Film Studio began filming "Xiao Bing Zhang Ga" at Baiyangdian, with Cui Wei and Yuan Hongying as the directors. The film was warmly welcomed by the masses. Both the novel and the film won the First Prize at the Second National Prize for Literary and Artistic Creation for Young Children in 1980.

24. 生：严监生啊严监生，你太吝啬了!你那么有钱，竟为了两茎灯草而死不瞑目，唉，你真可悲!

24. Life: Yan Jiansheng, oh Yan Jiansheng, you are too stingy! You are so wealthy, yet you died with your eyes wide open just because of two reeds for the lamp! Alas, you are truly pitiful!

25. 日光不照临，医生便上门。

25. Where the sun does not shine, the doctor comes calling.

26. 丑病不瞒医生。

26. A bad disease is not something to hide from the doctor.

27. 师：看见你们读得如此投入，我也想试着读一读，好吗

27. Teacher: Seeing you all so immersed in reading, I'd like to try reading as well, okay?

28. 曹雪芹 (约1715—

28. Cao Xueqin (ca. 1715—)

29. 懂得医术的是医生，不懂得医术的屠夫。

29. Those who understand medicine are doctors, while those who don't understand medicine are butchers.

30. 师：请把你脑海中浮现的严监生的形象介绍给大家，好吗

30. Teacher: Please introduce to everyone the image of Yan Jiansheng that comes to your mind, okay?

31. 本篇课文在形式上不同于一般的课文，由三个片段组成。因此，本文的教学宜采用如下步骤：回顾交流，即畅谈印象最深的人物形象，或交流有关读写经验，或提出有关写人的种种困惑；阅读片段，即分别阅读各个片段，感受各个人物形象，体会作家描写人物的方法；整合拓展，将三个片段合起来进行比较阅读，看看三个片段同是写人，写人的方法有哪些相同之处，有哪些不同之处，自己有何感悟或体会，并相机开展课外读写实践。

31. This text is different from the usual texts in terms of form, consisting of three segments. Therefore, the teaching of this text should adopt the following steps: review and exchange, that is, to discuss the most impressive character image, or to exchange experiences related to reading and writing, or to raise various confusions about writing people; reading segments, that is, to read each segment separately, to feel each character image, and to understand the author's method of describing characters; integration and expansion, that is, to compare the reading of the three segments together, to see what similarities and differences there are in the methods of writing people in the three segments, what personal insights or experiences one has, and to carry out extracurricular reading and writing practice accordingly.

32. 未见其人，先闻其声：“我来迟了，不曾迎接远客”以及对王熙凤的肖像描写和王熙凤对林黛玉说的一席话，是对王熙凤的正面描写。林黛玉的思忖、纳闷与贾母对王熙凤的戏谑谈笑的评价，是对王熙凤的侧面描写。

32. "Not seeing the person, but hearing his voice first: 'I am late, I didn't greet the distant guest'" and the portrait description of Wang Xifeng, as well as the words Wang Xifeng said to Lin Daiyu, are positive descriptions of Wang Xifeng. Lin Daiyu's contemplation, confusion, and Jia Yu'e's sarcastic and playful comments about Wang Xifeng are side descriptions of Wang Xifeng.

33. 一作1764）清小说家。名霑，字梦阮，号雪芹、芹圃、芹溪。为满洲正白旗“包衣”人。自曾祖父起，三代任江宁织造，其祖父曹寅尤为康熙帝所信用。雍正初年，在统治阶级内部政治斗争牵连下，雪芹家受到重大打击，其父免职，产业被抄，遂随家迁居北京。他早年经历了一段封建大官僚地主家庭的繁华生活，后因家道衰落，趋于艰困。晚期居北京西郊，贫病而卒，年未及五十。性情高傲，嗜酒健谈。具有深厚的文化修养和卓越的艺术才能。他生活在我国已有资本主义生产萌芽的封建末世，在其后期又有机会接触到下层人民，因而对当时社会阶级斗争和思想斗争有较具体的感受，看到了统治阶级的腐朽凶残和内部的分崩离析。曾以十年时间，从事《石头记》(即《红楼梦》)的创作。书中通过一个贵族官僚大家庭的盛衰历史的描写，塑造了许多典型人物形象，对当时社会的黑暗腐败，进行了深刻的解剖和批判，并热情地歌颂了具有异端思想的男女青年，成为我国古典小说中伟大的现实主义作品。但其中也反映了作者为封建制度“补天”的幻想和找不到出路的悲观情绪。据称先后曾增删五次，但未成全书而卒；今流行本一百二十回，后四十回一般认为是高鹗所续。

33. (Born in 1764) Qing Dynasty novelist. Name: Jia Qian, courtesy name Meng Ruan, pseudonyms: Xueqin, Qinfu, Qinxixi. He was from the Manchu "Bao yi" (a class of slaves) of the Zhen Bai旗. Since his great-grandfather's generation, his family had served as the Jinning Textile Factory supervisor for three generations, and his grandfather, Cao Yin, was highly trusted by Emperor Kangxi. In the early years of the Yongzheng reign, due to political struggles within the ruling class, the Xueqin family suffered a major setback; his father was demoted, and their property was seized, so they moved to Beijing. He experienced the prosperity of a feudal官僚 landlord family in his youth, but later, as his family's fortune declined, he faced hardship. In his later years, he lived in the western suburbs of Beijing, died poor and sick, and was under the age of fifty. He was proud and a heavy drinker with a gregarious nature. He possessed profound cultural cultivation and outstanding artistic talent. He lived during the end of the feudal era when capitalist production was just beginning in our country, and in his later years, he had the opportunity to come into contact with the lower strata of society, thus gaining a more specific understanding of the class struggles and ideological struggles of the time. He saw the decay and cruelty of the ruling class and their internal disintegration. He spent ten years on the creation of "Shizhong" (i.e., "Dream of the Red Chamber"). In the book, through the description of the rise and fall of a noble bureaucratic family, he created many typical characters and deeply analyzed and criticized the corruption and darkness of the society of the time. He enthusiastically praised the youth with heretical thoughts and became a great realistic work in our country's classical novels. However, it also reflected the author's fantasy of "healing the sky" for the feudal system and his pessimistic mood of not finding a way out. It is said that he revised it five times, but he did not complete the book before he died; today's popular version is one hundred and twenty chapters, and the last forty chapters are generally believed to be a continuation by Gao E.

34. 养生当论食补，治疗当考药攻。金代名医 张从正

34. Health preservation should focus on food supplementation, and treatment should consider the use of medicine. Zhang Congzheng, a famous physician of the Jin Dynasty.

35. 师：你很会思考问题!我们在写人时，也应该选用恰当的描写方法。

35. Teacher: You are very good at thinking about problems! When writing about people, we should also choose appropriate descriptive methods.