揭开18句人生真谛：人情世故，针砭时弊，字字珠玑！

Unveil the 18 truths of life: human relations, criticisms of the times, every word is a pearl!

1. 有个农夫临终，希望自己的孩子们能懂得种地。

1. A farmer, on the brink of death, wished for his children to understand farming.

2. 那只穴鸟被大鸦赶出来后，又回到穴鸟们中间。穴鸟们对他的傲慢很生气，不愿再接受他。

2. After being chased out by the crow, the cave bird returned to the midst of the cave birds. The cave birds were very angry with its arrogance and were unwilling to accept it anymore.

3. 《伊索寓言》约成书于公元前6世纪，对欧洲寓言的创作影响很大。由于资料的匮乏，其作者到底何许人也，文坛历来众说纷纭，莫衷一是： 有人认为伊索原是萨摩斯岛雅德蒙家的奴隶，后来获得自由，因遭人不满被谋害； 有人认为书的创始者是埃塞俄比亚人陆克曼，他的语言被称为“埃塞俄比亚语言”，古希腊人翻译后冠以“伊索”，就是“埃塞俄”的谐音； 有人认为“伊索”这一名字仅仅是后人的假托，历史上本无伊索其人……不可否认的是，《伊索寓言》已跨越空间，超越时间，成为千百年来东西方妇孺皆知的经典读物，融于书中的幽默与诙谐，睿智与巧思，拥有着深远的影响。

3. The Aesop's Fables were approximately compiled in the 6th century BC, which had a significant influence on the creation of European fables. Due to the scarcity of information, there has always been much speculation about the identity of the author in literary circles, with no consensus: Some believe that Aesop was originally a slave of the Jademones family on the island of Samos, who later gained his freedom and was assassinated due to dissatisfaction; some believe that the founder of the book was the Ethiopian Lycus, whose language was called "Ethiopian language," and the ancient Greeks translated it and named it "Aesop," which was a homophone for "Ethiopic"; some believe that the name "Aesop" is merely a later fictional attribution, and there was no such person as Aesop in history... Undeniably, the Aesop's Fables have transcended space and time to become a classic reading material known to women and children in the East and West for thousands of years, blending humor and wit, wisdom, and ingenuity, and having a profound influence.

4. 他把他们叫来，说道：“孩子们啊，在一棵葡萄树下面埋藏着我的财宝。”

4. He called them and said, "Children, my treasure is hidden under a vine tree."

5. 寓言的目的在于讽刺和教谕，即借助浅显的故事或针砭时弊，或褒扬善举，或谴责恶行，或道出人生真谛。读者在阅读中自省自悟，在迂回曲折中豁然开朗。庄子曾提到“寓言十九，藉外论之”，指出寓言是借一定的比喻寄托要表达的意思。唐代刘禹锡说：“放词乎无方，措旨于至适，其寓言之徒。”认为寓言的行文可以异想天开，而旨趣则应当归于适当。黑格尔曾把“寓言”归为“比喻的艺术”，既是比喻，则有“本体”和 “喻体”。所有的这些言论都指向同

5. The purpose of fables is to satirize and instruct, that is, to use simple stories to criticize the times, to praise good deeds, to condemn evil actions, or to express the essence of life. The reader reflects and gains insights through reading, and becomes enlightened in the twists and turns. Zhuangzi once mentioned, "Of the nineteen fables, most are used to discuss external matters," indicating that fables are used to convey meanings through certain metaphors. The Tang Dynasty scholar Liu Yuxi said, "Let the words roam freely without constraints, and place the meaning in the most appropriate place; they are the followers of fables." He believed that the writing of fables can be imaginative, while the intent should be appropriate. Hegel once categorized "fables" as "the art of metaphor," which, being a metaphor, has "the subject" and "the object." All these remarks point to the same direction.

6. 小羊回答说，他只是用唇沿喝水，而且他是站在下游，不可能把上游的水搞浑。

6. The little lamb replied that he was merely drinking water with his lips, and he was standing downstream, so it was impossible for him to muddy the water upstream.

7. 摩摩斯针对他们的作品说道： 宙斯造牛有失误，没有把眼睛安在牛角上，好让牛看见他撞到什么地方； 普罗米修斯也有失误，因为他没有把人的心安在体外，好使坏人无法隐藏，每个人心里在想什么都能一目了然。至于雅典娜的造物，摩摩斯说，雅典娜应该给房屋安上轮子，使得若有人与坏人毗邻时，可以很容易地迁徙。

7. Mimus commented on their works: Zeus made a mistake when he created the bull, not placing eyes on the horns so that the bull could see where he was hitting; Prometheus also made a mistake because he did not place the human heart outside the body, so that evil people could not hide, and everyone's thoughts could be seen at a glance. As for Athena's creation, Mimus said, Athena should have put wheels on houses, so that if someone lived next to an evil person, they could easily migrate.

8. 当时虽然狼站在上游，但他仍然指责小羊把水搅浑，不让他喝水。

8. Although the wolf was upstream at the time, he still accused the lamb of muddying the water, preventing him from drinking.

9. 天神宙斯、普罗米修斯和雅典娜给世间造物时，宙斯造了牛，普罗米修斯造了人，雅典娜造了房屋，然后让喜好挑剔、责难的神摩摩斯来评判。

9. When the gods Zeus, Prometheus, and Athena created the world, Zeus created the cow, Prometheus created humans, Athena created houses, and then they let the picky and fault-finding god Momo judge.

10. 普罗米修斯执行了命令，但结果由那些野兽造出来的人具有人的形象，心灵却仍带有 。

10. Prometheus carried out the command, but the result, created by those people who were made in the image of beasts, still retained a certain... (The sentence seems to be cut off, so the translation is incomplete.)

11. 乌龟知道自己跑得慢，一直不停地奔跑，就这样从睡着的兔子旁边跑了过去，夺得了胜利的奖赏。

11. The turtle knew that it ran slowly, so it kept running without stopping, and thus passed by the sleeping rabbit, winning the reward of victory.

12. 普罗米修斯奉主神宙斯的命令，创造人类和野兽。

12. Prometheus, under the command of the supreme god Zeus, created humans and beasts.

13. 冬天，农夫看见一条蛇冻僵了。他很可怜它，便拿起来放在怀里。

13. In winter, the farmer saw a snake frozen stiff. He felt pity for it and picked it up to place it in his bosom.

14. 狼看见一只小羊在河边喝水，想找个合适的借口把小羊吃掉。

14. The wolf saw a little lamb drinking water by the river and thought of a suitable excuse to eat the lamb.

15. 有只穴鸟个儿比其他穴鸟都大，因此瞧不起自己的同类。他跑到大鸦那里去，认为自己应该和大鸦一起生活。

15. There was a bird with a cave that was larger than the other cave birds, so it looked down on its own kind. It ran to the great crow and believed it should live with the crow.

16. 狼撇开这个借口，又说道：“那去年你骂过我的爸爸。”

16. The wolf put aside this excuse and said, "Then last year, you cursed my father."

17. 这则故事是说，任何东西都不可能完美得无可挑剔。

17. This story is about the fact that nothing is ever perfect and beyond reproach.

18. 有些人也是这样，他们离开祖国，投靠异邦，结果既不受异邦人尊重，也遭同邦人厌弃。

18. Some people are like this as well; they leave their motherland and seek refuge in foreign lands, only to find that they are neither respected by the foreign people nor disliked by their own compatriots.

19. 《伊索寓言》多以动物为喻，通过言简意赅、富有哲理的小故事来教导世人做人的道理。这里选取了《狐狸和葡萄》、《乌龟和兔子》、《普罗米修斯和人》、《好开玩笑的牧人》等数则耳熟能详的故事，其中《狐狸和葡萄》讽刺了自欺欺人的心态； 《乌龟和兔子》通过巧妙的对比，赞美了坚持不懈的品质； 《普罗米修斯和人》则是对人面兽心者的讽刺； 《农夫和他的孩子们》则说明了勤劳的美德远胜于财宝。

19. Aesop's Fables mostly use animals as metaphors, teaching people the way to be human through concise, philosophical little stories. Here are several well-known stories selected, including "The Fox and the Grapes," "The Tortoise and the Hare," "Prometheus and Man," and "The Jester Shepherd." "The Fox and the Grapes" satirizes the self-deceiving mindset; "The Tortoise and the Hare" praises the quality of perseverance through a clever contrast; "Prometheus and Man" satirizes those with the hearts of beasts; and "The Farmer and His Children" illustrates that the virtue of diligence is far superior to wealth.

20. 有只老鼠偷偷探头张望，看见了猫，说道：“喂，你即使成了皮囊，我也不会到你那里去的 。”

20. A mouse peeped out stealthily and saw the cat, saying, "Hey, even if you become a skin bag, I won't go to you."

21. 那蛇受了暖后恢复了本性，咬了恩人一口，使恩人受了致命的伤。

21. The serpent, having warmed up, resumed its nature and bit its benefactor, causing the benefactor to suffer a fatal injury.

22. 兔子自恃天生快捷，不把赛跑放在心上，竟然在路边睡着了。

22. The rabbit, relying on its natural agility, didn't take the race seriously and even fell asleep on the roadside.

23. 这则故事是说，对于那些存心作恶的人，任何合理的辩解都不起作用。

23. This story is about how no reasonable excuse can be effective for those who are determined to do evil.

24. 一所住宅里有许多老鼠。猫知道了，便去那里，把老鼠一只只抓了吃了。老鼠不断遭捕杀，便躲进了洞里。

24. There were many mice in a house. Upon learning about it, the cat went there and caught and ate the mice one by one. As the mice were continuously captured and killed, they hid themselves in the holes.

25. 这则故事说明，对恶人纵然极度仁爱，他们的本性也不会改变。

25. This story illustrates that no matter how excessively benevolent one is towards an evil person, their nature will not change.

26. 这则故事说明，对于人们来说，勤劳就是财宝。

26. This story illustrates that hard work is a treasure to people.

27. 乌龟和兔子争论谁跑得快。他们约定了比赛的时间和地点，出发了。

27. The turtle and the rabbit argued over who could run faster. They agreed on the time and place for the race and set off.

28. 猫捉不着老鼠，便决定用计策把他们引出来。于是他爬上一个木橛头，吊在那里装死。

28. The cat couldn't catch the mouse, so it decided to use tactics to lure them out. It then climbed onto a wooden stake, hung there, and pretended to be dead.

29. 宙斯对摩摩斯的指责很气愤，就把摩摩斯赶出了神界奥林波斯。

29. Zeus was very angry at the accusations against Moimos, and thus banished Moimos from the divine realm of Mount Olympus.

30. 农夫去世后，孩子们拿起锄和镐，把他们所有的田地都翻了个遍。他们没有找到财宝，然而葡萄却给了他们好几倍的收成。

30. After the farmer passed away, the children picked up the hoes and shovels and turned over all their fields. They didn't find any treasure, but the grapes yielded several times more than usual.

31. 这则故事说明，喜欢说假话的人会得到这样的结果： 当他说真话的时候，也没有人相信他。

31. This story illustrates that a person who likes to tell lies will face such a result: when he tells the truth, no one believes him.

32. 这则故事是说，奋发进取往往会胜过恃才自负。

32. This story is about how striving for progress often surpasses relying on one's own talents and arrogance.

33. 大鸦们辨认出了他的模样和声音，攻击他，把他赶走了。

33. The crows recognized his appearance and voice, attacked him, and chased him away.

34. 后来，狼真的来了。狼开始扑杀那个牧人的羊群，牧人放声呼喊，人们以为他又像往常那样，在喊着开玩笑，就没有理会他。结果，牧人损失了他所有的羊。

34. Later, the wolf really came. The wolf began to kill the shepherd's flock, and the shepherd cried out loudly. People thought he was just joking as usual, so they paid no attention to him. As a result, the shepherd lost all his sheep.

35. 《伊索寓言》作为永恒的经典，开启了寓言“画龙点睛”这一模式，书中以大量的动物为主人公展开故事，各种各样的动物莫不代表一种类型的人，故事最后，多以简单明了的寓意收场。下层人民辛勤劳作的高尚之德，圣贤之士的智才胆识，忤逆之徒的非分之思，卑微小人的猥琐之举，命中注定的无可奈何，是非曲直的人情世故……均见于一则则仅几百字的故事中。许多寓言描写了当权者的蛮横，如《狼和小羊》的故事： 狼想吃掉小羊，故意找茬说小羊弄脏了他喝的水。当小羊辩解说不可能弄脏他喝的水，因为狼在上游，水是从上游流到下游，狼又说小羊去年在背地里说狼的坏话，当小羊再次辩解后，第三次狼就再也不容许小羊辩解，扑过去把小羊吃掉了。此故事揭穿了当时社会的黑暗面，有权者胡作非为，无法无天，贪婪残暴，致使贫苦百姓无法平安生活下去，讽刺了统治阶级的蛮不讲理。《伊索寓言》中的许多寓言富含人生哲理与道德训诫意义，如反对骄傲而崇尚自强不息的精神(《乌龟和兔子》)，勤劳才能致富(《农夫和他的孩子们》)，对于恶人不能滥施同情(《农夫和蛇》)，等等。从中可以见出作者批判日常生活中的种种缺陷，总结人生经验，进而告诫人们应该如何完善自己。人们在大笑之余反观自身，往往恍然大悟，如饮醍醐。正如法国寓言家拉封丹所说的“使唤动物来教训人类”。

35. Aesop's Fables, as an eternal classic, initiated the mode of "pointing out the dragon with a dot," where the book uses a large number of animals as the main characters to unfold stories. Various animals each represent a type of person. At the end of the stories, simple and clear moral lessons are usually presented. The noble virtues of the lower class people who work hard, the wisdom, courage, and insight of the sage, the unreasonable thoughts of the rebellious, the cunning actions of the lowly, the helplessness dictated by fate, the complexities of human relationships and right and wrong... all can be found in stories that are only a few hundred words long. Many fables describe the arrogance of the ruling class, such as the story of "The Wolf and the Lamb": The wolf wants to eat the lamb and deliberately finds a pretext to say that the lamb has polluted the water he drinks. When the lamb explains that it is impossible to pollute the water he drinks, because the wolf is upstream and the water flows from upstream to downstream, the wolf then says that the lamb said bad things about the wolf last year in secret. After the lamb again explains, the wolf no longer allows the lamb to explain for the third time, and rushes over to eat the lamb. This story exposes the dark side of the society at that time, the lawlessness of the powerful, the greed and cruelty that led to the poor people being unable to live in peace, and satirizes the irrationality of the ruling class. Many fables in Aesop's Fables are rich in philosophical and moral teachings, such as opposing pride and advocating for the spirit of never giving up (The Tortoise and the Hare), hard work leads to wealth (The农夫 and His Children), one should not show excessive sympathy for the wicked (The农夫 and the Snake), and so on. From this, we can see that the author criticizes various defects in daily life, summarizes life experiences, and then warns people on how to perfect themselves. People often have an epiphany while laughing, as if drinking nectar. As the French fabulist La Fontaine said, "Using animals to teach humans."

36. 有些人也是这样，他们本来能力弱，办不成事情，却推诿于时机不适宜。

36. Some people are like that as well; they are originally weak in ability and cannot accomplish things, yet they attribute their failure to the unsuitability of the timing.

37. 网图侵刪

37. Web image infringement deleted

38. 一只狐狸正饿得慌，看见一处葡萄树上挂着串串葡萄。他很想摘它们，但摘不着。狐狸离去时自言自语地说：“它们还是酸的。”

38. A fox was very hungry and saw a vine tree with clusters of grapes hanging from it. He wanted to pick them, but he couldn't reach them. As the fox left, he muttered to himself, "They must be sour."

39. 除此之外，伊索寓言奉行的基本信条是“人生在世独善其身，他人有难落井下石”。在伊索笔下，不论人间社会，抑或动物世界，崇尚的似乎都是弱肉强食的“丛林法则”。虽有警世良言，不免有些不符合我们的理念标准。因此法国思想家卢梭在他的著作《爱弥儿》的卷二里就以狐狸和乌鸦的故事为例，认为小孩子看了之后不会同情上当的乌鸦，而是羡慕狡猾的狐狸。而钱锺书在《读〈伊索寓言〉》中则一反卢梭“寓言会把纯朴的小孩教得复杂了，失去了天真”的观点，认为《伊索寓言》之所以不适合作为儿童读物，是因为“它把纯朴的小孩子教得愈简单了，愈幼稚了，以为人事里是非的分别、善恶的果报，也像在禽兽中间一样的公平清楚，长大了就处处碰壁上当。”

39. In addition, the Aesop's Fables adhere to the fundamental belief that "one should only care for oneself in life, and when others are in trouble, throw them a stone." In Aesop's writing, whether it be in human society or the animal kingdom, it seems that the admiration is for the "law of the jungle" where the strong prey on the weak. Although there are wise sayings that warn us, some of them do not quite align with our standards and beliefs. Therefore, in the second volume of his work "Emile," the French philosopher Rousseau used the story of the fox and the crow as an example, arguing that children would not feel sympathy for the deceived crow but rather envy the cunning fox. In contrast, Qian Zhongshu, in his book "Reading Aesop's Fables," reverses Rousseau's view that "fables can make simple-minded children complex and lose their innocence," believing that "Aesop's Fables" are not suitable as children's literature because "it makes simple-minded children even simpler and more naive, thinking that the distinction between right and wrong, and the retribution of good and evil in human affairs, is as fair and clear as in the animal world, and when they grow up, they will encounter setbacks and deception everywhere."

40. 宙斯发现创造出来的野兽太多了，充斥世间，就要求普罗米修斯毁掉一些野兽，改了造人。

40. Zeus found that there were too many beasts he had created, overwhelming the world, so he requested Prometheus to destroy some of the beasts and change to create humans instead.

41. 这则故事是说，聪明人吃过一些人的亏，便不会再上他们的当。

41. This story is about how the clever person, after having been tricked by some people, will no longer fall for their tricks.

42. 《伊索寓言》并非纯希腊的，它的异域色彩相当浓厚。文中的许多动物如骆驼、大象、猴子都不是希腊的动物，他们都源于异国他乡——利比亚、埃及等地。同时，据考证，《伊索寓言》里有250则以上的故事系后人添加，有几则缺乏新意，类同笔墨游戏，故事格调不高，寓意亦牵强附会……整个文本良莠不齐，鱼龙混杂，并非字字珠玑，篇篇佳构，败笔间或插于其中，待于读者分辨。

42. Aesop's Fables are not purely Greek; they have a strong exotic flavor. Many animals in the text, such as camels, elephants, and monkeys, are not native to Greece; they come from foreign lands—Libya, Egypt, and others. At the same time, according to research, over 250 stories in Aesop's Fables were added by later generations, some of which lack originality, resembling wordplay, with low narrative style and strained moral implications... The entire text is a mixed bag, with good and bad intermingled, not every word being a gem or every story a masterpiece. Some clumsy strokes are occasionally inserted among them, waiting for readers to discern.

43. 有个牧人赶着羊群到离村庄较远的地方去放牧，经常喜欢开这样的玩笑： 他大声呼喊，召唤村民们，说是有狼进攻他的羊群。有两三回，人们从村里惊慌地跑来，然后大笑着回去。

43. There was a shepherd who herded his flock to a place further away from the village for grazing. He often liked to play a joke like this: He would loudly shout and summon the villagers, claiming that wolves were attacking his flock. A couple of times, people rushed from the village in a panic, only to laugh their way back.

44. 仁者见仁，智者见智。不同的年龄、不同的人生经历使得同样的故事可以从不同的角度来进行解读和思考，通过批判的思维获得自己所需要的“人生知识”，也体现了《伊索寓言》的魅力与价值之所在。

44. As people of benevolence see benevolence, and people of wisdom see wisdom. Different ages and different life experiences allow the same story to be interpreted and thought about from different perspectives. Through critical thinking, one can acquire the "life knowledge" they need, which also reflects the charm and value of Aesop's Fables.

45. 这时狼对小羊说：“尽管你很善于辩解，难道我就不能把你吃掉？”

45. At this moment, the wolf said to the lamb: "Even though you are good at arguing, can I not still eat you?"

46. 农夫临死时说道：“我怜惜恶人，应该受这恶报！”

46. The farmer said when he was dying, "I pity the wicked, and they should receive this evil retribution!"