1. “乌龟背冒汗，出门带雨伞”乌龟背壳潮湿，壳上的纹路混而暗，是天要降雨的征兆;龟壳有水珠，像是冒汗，将要下大雨。龟壳干燥，纹路清晰，预示近期不会下雨。这是因为龟身贴地，龟背光滑阴凉，当暖湿空气移来时，会在龟背冷却凝结出现水珠，天将下雨，反之空气干燥，暂不会下雨。

1. "The turtle's back sweats, carry an umbrella when you go out" The turtle's shell is moist, and the patterns on the shell are blurred and dark, indicating that it is a sign of rain to come; water droplets on the turtle's shell, resembling sweat, suggest a heavy rain is about to fall. When the turtle's shell is dry and the patterns are clear, it预示s that there will be no rain in the near future. This is because the turtle's body is close to the ground, and its back is smooth and cool. When warm and moist air moves in, water droplets will condense on the turtle's back, and it will rain. Conversely, if the air is dry, it will not rain temporarily.

2. 不同季节出现大雾，预示未来天气也不一样。“春雾雨，夏雾热，秋雾凉风，冬雾雪”，指春天出现大雾，天要转阴雨;夏天大雾消散后，天气晴热;秋天有雾，表明有冷空气南下，会出现连续有雨;冬天有大雾，预示最近要下雪。

2. The appearance of heavy fog in different seasons heralds varying weather conditions in the future. "Spring fog brings rain, summer fog brings heat, autumn fog brings cool wind, and winter fog brings snow," refers to the following: when there is heavy fog in spring, the weather will turn cloudy and rainy; after the heavy fog dissipates in summer, the weather will be sunny and hot; when there is fog in autumn, it indicates the arrival of cold air from the north, which will result in continuous rain; and when there is heavy fog in winter, it signifies that snow is likely to fall in the near future.

3. 青蛙叫，大雨到。

3. The frogs croak, a heavy rain is on its way.

4. 腊月立春春水早，正月立春春水迟。

4. The spring water arrives early in the first month of the lunar year when the New Year begins, but it arrives late when the spring equinox arrives in the first month.

5. 蚂蚁垒窝要落雨。鱼跳水，有雨来。

5. When ants build nests, it will rain. When fish jump, rain is coming.

6. 日落红云升，来日是晴天。

6. As the sun sets and crimson clouds rise, the next day will be sunny.

7. 有许多天气谚语是看农历关键日预测天气。如“上看初二三，下看十五六”、“坏了初二三，半月不得干”、“要知未来瘫不瘫，就看农历二十三”(瘫指下雨)、“月逢初四雨，一月晴九天”、“大旱难逃五月十三”、“六月六晒龙袍，淋破龙袍反晒四十五天”(指六月六下雨后期阴雨天数多)等。

7. There are many weather sayings that use the key days of the lunar calendar to predict the weather. For example, "Look at the first, second, and third days for the weather, and the fifteenth and sixteenth for the next few days"; "If the first, second, and third days are bad, it won't dry up for half a month"; "To know if it will rain in the future, look at the 23rd day of the lunar calendar" (where "rain" refers to precipitation); "If it rains on the fourth day of the month, it will be sunny for nine days in the month"; "A severe drought can't escape on the 13th day of the fifth month"; "On the sixth day of the sixth month, if it rains, the weather will be cloudy and rainy for the next 45 days" (indicating that there will be a lot of rainy days after the sixth day of the sixth month).

8. 先下牛毛没大雨，后下牛毛不晴天。

8. If it rains with cow hairs first, there won't be a heavy downpour; if it rains with cow hairs later, it won't be sunny.

9. 春雾晴，夏雾雨，秋雾蒙蒙有点水。

9. In spring, the mist is clear; in summer, the mist is rainy; in autumn, the mist is hazy with a touch of water.

10. 久晴夜风雨，久雨夜风晴。

10. Long sunny nights turn into wind and rain, and long rainy nights turn into wind and clear skies.

11. 喜鹊枝头叫，出门晴天报。

11. Magpies chirp on the branch, heralding sunny weather as I go out.

12. 大气层中水汽、水滴、冰晶等到悬浮物质，使日、月、星、辰在天空中出现多种色彩和许多光学现象，观察它的变化，可以预测未来天气。

12. The suspended substances in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, water droplets, ice crystals, etc., cause the sun, moon, stars, and constellations to appear in various colors and numerous optical phenomena in the sky. Observing their changes can help predict the future weather.

13. 有许多谚语是看天的颜色测天，如“乌云块块叠，雷雨眼面前”、火烧乌云盖，有雨来得快”、“人黄有病，天黄有雨”、“日出红云升，劝君莫出门”、“傍晚黄胖云，明朝大雨淋”等。

13. There are many proverbs that say to judge the sky by its color, such as "If dark clouds pile up, thunder and rain are sure to follow," "When fiery dark clouds cover the sky, rain will come quickly," "If a person's face turns yellow, they must be sick; if the sky turns yellow, it will rain," "When red clouds rise with the sunrise, it's advised not to go out," and "If there are fat yellow clouds in the evening, there will be heavy rain in the morning."

14. 西南转西北，还得半个月。

14. It will take another half a month to turn from southwest to northwest.

15. 早雾晴，晚雾阴。

15. Early mist brings fine weather, late mist brings cloudy days.

16. 天气兴云致雨首先要有水汽，水汽是靠风来输送的，“东风送湿，西风干;南风送暖，北风寒。”，风对天气变化有明显预兆。

16. To bring clouds and rain, the weather must first have moisture, which is transported by the wind. "The east wind brings moisture, the west wind brings dryness; the south wind brings warmth, the north wind brings cold." The wind has a clear warning sign for weather changes.

17. 雨雪天气现象出现的早晚、强度及方位，都对应着一定的天气形势，因而能判断推测出天气变化。

17. The timing, intensity, and direction of the occurrence of rain and snow phenomena correspond to certain weather conditions, thus enabling the judgment and speculation of weather changes.

18. “久雨傍晚晴，一定转晴天”，阴雨时傍晚前后雨止转晴，预示阴雨结束，天气转晴。

18. "After a long rainy evening, the sky clears up, a sure sign of better weather to come." This means that if the rain stops and the sky clears in the evening during periods of overcast and rain, it predicts the end of the rainy and cloudy weather, and the weather will turn sunny.

19. 雨后生东风，未来雨更凶。

19. The east wind rises after the rain, and the future rain will be even more fierce.

20. 为什么这些关键日的天气易出现变化呢人们经过长期的观测总结发现:冷暖气团经常会在农历的一些固定日期出现。农历与月相有密切关系，月亮的朔望对大气和海洋的引潮力有周期性变化，会使冷暖气团在某些固定日期比较活跃，影响时天气就会发生变化。

20. Why do the weather changes on these key dates often occur? People have summarized their long-term observations and found that cold and warm air masses often appear on some fixed dates in the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is closely related to the lunar phases, and the tidal force of the moon on the atmosphere and the ocean has periodic changes, which makes cold and warm air masses more active on certain fixed dates, and changes in weather will occur accordingly.

21. 河里泛青苔，必有大雨来。

21. When the riverbed is covered with green algae, it's sure to bring heavy rain.

22. 许多天气谚语反映天气气候5个月的变化和联系，大约相隔一个季节。例如:

22. Many weather proverbs reflect the changes and connections in weather and climate over a period of 5 months, roughly separated by a season. For example:

23. 太陽现一现，三天不见面。

23. The sun makes an appearance and then disappears for three days.

24. 在晴天转雨时，人们感到闷躁，疲倦不适。老人腰酸背疼，病人伤口发痒，关节疼痛，都预示天要阴雨。

24. When the weather changes from sunny to rainy, people tend to feel闷躁, tired, and uncomfortable. Elderly people may have lower back pain, patients may experience itching wounds, joint pain, all of which are signs that the sky is about to turn cloudy and rainy.

25. 清明热得早，早稻一定好。

25. Early heat during Qingming, the early rice will certainly be good.

26. 南风吹到底，北风来还礼。

26. When the south wind reaches the bottom, the north wind returns the favor.

27. “东北方响雷，雨量不大”、“东南雷声响，不见雨下来”，也是根据打雷的方向判定雨量的大小。

27. "The thunder in the northeast is loud but the rainfall is not significant," and "the thunder in the southeast sounds but no rain falls," these are also ways to judge the amount of rain based on the direction of the thunder.

28. 烟囱不冒烟，一定是陰天。

28. If the chimney is not smoking, it must be a cloudy day.

29. 日落乌云接，明天把工歇。

29. As the sun sets and dark clouds gather, tomorrow we'll take a break from work.

30. “先雨后雷下大雨，不紧不慢连阴雨”、“雷声水里推磨，下雨漫满河”。这几条谚语指先下雨，雨后静风、闷热，雨势越来越猛，雷声不绝，预示要降暴雨;如在降雨过程中，雷声不紧不慢，打打停停，预示会出现连续阴雨。

30. "First rain, then thunder, heavy rain follows; not urgent, not slow, continuous cloudy rain." "Thunder sounds like pushing a mill in water, rain floods the river." These proverbs indicate that if it rains first, followed by a calm wind and heat, with the rain getting stronger and thunder continuously roaring, it预示s a heavy downpour is coming; if during the process of raining, the thunder sounds at a leisurely pace, sometimes continuous and sometimes stopping, it预示s a continuous period of cloudy and rainy weather.

31. 雾是常见的天气现象。特别是冬春，在晴朗微风的夜晚，地表附近气层里水汽含量较多，水汽凝结成雾，或是冷气团移向暖湿的地面时，也会形成雾。看雾也可以预测天气变化。

31. Fog is a common weather phenomenon. Especially in winter and spring, on clear and breezy nights, there is a higher content of water vapor in the atmospheric layer near the surface, which can condense into fog. Fog can also form when cold air masses move towards warm and humid ground. Observing fog can also predict weather changes.

32. ⑴“春雨贵如油，夏雨遍地流”、“春季无大风，夏季雨水穷”、“发尽桃花水，必是旱黄梅”。

32. (1) "Spring rain is as precious as oil, summer rain flows everywhere," "Without strong winds in spring, the summer rain is scarce," "When the peach blossoms are fully bloomed, it must be a dry plum season."

33. “开门雨，下一指;闭门雨，下一丈”、“早落雨，晚砍柴;晚落雨，穿雨鞋”，是说清晨开始下雨，时间短，雨量小，晚饭前后下雨，时间长，雨量大。

33. "If it rains when the door is opened, it will rain a finger; if it rains when the door is closed, it will rain a yard," and "If it rains early, cut wood in the evening; if it rains late, wear rain boots." These sayings indicate that if it starts raining in the morning, the rain will be short-lived and light; if it rains around dinner time, the rain will last longer and be heavier.

34. 鱼鳞云，不雨也风颠。

34. Fish scales clouds, no rain, just wind madness.

35. 乌云在东，有雨也唔凶。

35. Clouds in the east, even if it rains, it's not fierce.

36. 黑蜻蜓乱，天气要旱。

36. The black dragonfly is chaotic, indicating a drought in the weather.

37. 河里浮青苔，毕有大雨来。

37. There's floating green moss in the river, a big rain is bound to come.

38. “云交云，雨淋淋”、“逆风行云天要变”，说明大气高低层风向不一致，易引起空气上下对流，产生雷雨等对流性天气。

38. "Cloud meets cloud, rain pours down," and "Clouds moving against the wind, a change in the weather is near," these say that the wind directions at different levels of the atmosphere are inconsistent, which is prone to cause air convection from top to bottom, leading to thunderstorms and other convective weather conditions.

39. 一朝蒙雾，三朝雪。

39. Once shrouded in mist, thrice covered in snow.

40. 雷公先唱歌，有雨也不多。

40. Thunder god sings first, even if it rains, it won't be much.

41. 早怕南云漫，晚怕北云翻。

41. Early fear of the south cloud's spread, late fear of the north cloud's flip.

42. 南闪火开门，北闪有雨临。

42. South flash, the door opens; north flash, rain is coming.

43. 季节不同，风向所反映的天气也不同。“一年三季东风雨，唯有夏季东风晴”、“东北风，雨祖宗”，表明吹了偏东风，1~2天内天气将转阴雨，而夏季吹偏东风，将海上温度较低的气流吹到陆上，起调节气温的作用，不易下雨，尤其不易出现雷阵雨。

43. The weather reflected by wind direction varies with the seasons. The saying "East wind brings rain for three seasons of the year, but only clear skies in summer" and "Northeast wind, the ancestor of rain" indicate that if the wind blows from the east slightly, the weather will turn cloudy and rainy within 1 to 2 days. In summer, when the wind blows from the east slightly, it brings the cooler sea breeze to the mainland, which plays a role in regulating the temperature and is less likely to rain, especially to experience thunderstorms.

44. “西南雷轰隆，大雨往下冲”，指西南方位起雷暴，来得慢，雨势猛，时间长。“西北雷声响，霎时雨滴滴”，西北方雷雨来得快，风力大，有红云时还会降冰雹。

44. "Southwest thunder roars, heavy rain pours down," indicating that thunderstorms in the southwest come slowly, with intense rainfall and a long duration. "Northwest thunder sounds, raindrops fall instantly," meaning thunderstorms in the northwest arrive quickly, with strong winds, and when red clouds appear, hail may also fall.

45. 天上棉絮云，地上有雨淋。

45. If there are cotton-like clouds in the sky, there will be rain on the ground.

46. 早看东南，晚看西北。

46. In the morning look to the southeast, in the evening look to the northwest.

47. “白茫茫雾晴，灰沉沉雾雨”，有雾时，天空白茫茫，预示着晴天，如天气灰沉沉，预示雨天要来。“久晴大雾雨，久雨大雾晴”，久晴之后，空气中水气较少，不易形成大雾，如有大雾出现，表明有暖湿空气移来，北方冷空气影响时，会转阴雨。久雨之后，冷空气已控制本地，夜间云层消散，微风，早晨出现大雾，阴雨结束转晴。

47. "Misty sky with sun, gloomy sky with rain," when there is mist, the sky appears white, indicating a sunny day, while a gloomy sky suggests that rain is on the way. "After a long period of sunny weather, a heavy mist brings rain; after a long period of rainy weather, a heavy mist brings sunshine." After a long period of sunny weather, there is less moisture in the air, making it less likely to form a heavy mist. If a heavy mist appears, it indicates the arrival of warm and moist air. When the cold air from the north affects, it will turn cloudy and rainy. After a long period of rainy weather, the cold air has already controlled the local area. At night, the cloud layers dissipate, and with a gentle breeze, a heavy mist appears in the morning, signaling the end of the rainy weather and the transition to sunny skies.

48. 龟背潮，下雨兆。

48. "Rising tide on the turtle's back, rain is coming."

49. 不怕十五下大雨，就怕十六没好天。

49. It's not the heavy rain on the 15th that we fear, but rather the absence of good weather on the 16th.

50. ⑵“三九欠东风，黄梅无大雨”、“九里一场风，伏里一场雨”、“九九南风伏里旱”、“四九南风伏里旱”。

50. (2) "In the third and ninth winter, the east wind is owed, and there is no heavy rain during the plum blossom season." "There is a wind in every nine miles, and a rain in the伏 season." "In the ninth nine, the south wind brings drought in the伏 season." "In the fourth nine, the south wind also brings drought in the伏 season."

51. 蜜蜂归窠迟，来日好天气。

51. The bees return to the hive late, promising fine weather ahead.

52. “云往东，一场空，云往西，水凄凄;云往南，雨成潭，云往北，好晒谷。”云往东或东南移动，表明高空吹西到西北风，故有“云往东，一场空”。“云往西”，指春夏之交，云从东或东南伸展过来，常是台风侵袭的征兆，所以会“水凄凄”了。云向南移，说明冷空气南下，冷暖气团交汇，所以，“云往南，雨成潭”。云向北移，表明本地区受单一暖气团控制，天气无雨便“好晒谷”了。

52. "Clouds moving eastward mean a waste of effort, while clouds moving westward signify a melancholic water scene; clouds moving southward result in rain forming ponds, and clouds moving northward are good for drying grain." When clouds move eastward or southeastward, it indicates that the upper atmosphere is blowing from the west to the northwest, hence the saying "clouds moving eastward mean a waste of effort." "Clouds moving westward" refers to the time around the change from spring to summer, where clouds stretching from the east or southeast often signal the approach of typhoons, thus causing a "melancholic water scene." When clouds move southward, it indicates the southward movement of cold air, the convergence of cold and warm air masses, so "clouds moving southward result in rain forming ponds." When clouds move northward, it indicates that the region is under the control of a single warm air mass, so if it doesn't rain, it's "good for drying grain."

53. 早陰陰，晚陰晴，半夜陰天不到明。

53. In the morning it's cloudy, in the evening it's sunny and clear, and by midnight the overcast skies don't clear until morning.

54. 燕子低飞要落雨。

54. Swallows flying low indicate rain is coming.

55. 五月南风当日雨，六月南风透地干。

55. In May, if the southerly wind brings rain on the day, in June, the southerly wind dries the earth through and through.

56. 露水闪，来日晴。

56. Dew sparkles, the next day will be sunny.

57. “太阳正午现一现，以后三天不见面”，指前两天和当天上午阴雨，中午出现太阳，没有多久天气又转阴雨，预示天气将会连续阴雨。

57. "The sun appears at noon for a moment, but will not be seen for the next three days," refers to the overcast and rainy weather for the two preceding days and the morning of the same day, the sun appearing at noon, but not for long before the weather turns cloudy and rainy again, forecasting a continuous period of overcast and rainy weather.

58. 以上两组天气谚语主要是根据冬春冷空气活动来预报5个月(150天)左右的降水天气。我们曾对天气谚语进行验证，查1月份冷空气活动与6月份降水的联系，发现26次冷空气活动，23次在以后的150天左右有降水过程，占88%，降水过程平均为3天。由此可以看出，用5个月韵律预测气候变化，可靠程度还是比较高的。

58. These two groups of weather proverbs are mainly based on the activities of cold air in winter and spring to predict weather conditions with approximately 5 months (150 days) of precipitation. We have verified the weather proverbs, examining the connection between cold air activities in January and precipitation in June, and found that out of 26 cold air activities, 23 resulted in precipitation events within the following 150 days, accounting for 88%, with an average of 3 days of precipitation. This indicates that using a 5-month rhythm to predict climate changes has a relatively high reliability.

59. 春天人们起得早，秋后人马吃得饱。

59. In spring, people wake up early; in autumn, horses and people are well-fed.

60. 朝雾晴，晚雾阴。

60. In the morning, the mist is bright; in the evening, the mist is dark.