1. 制治于未乱，保邦于未危。

1. Establish governance before chaos and ensure the security of the state before danger arises.

2. 蓄疑败谋，怠忽荒政。

2. Accumulating doubts leads to the failure of plans, and negligence leads to the neglect of state affairs.

3. ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

3. ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Translation: 3. ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Note: The original text appears to be a placeholder or a section separator, and as such, it does not have a direct translation. It is simply presented in English as it was in the original text.

4. 自拟题目、不限文体，鼓励学生写出真情实感，鼓励学生写出个性与创意来。

4. Title self-devised, unrestricted by style; encourage students to express genuine emotions and feelings, and to showcase their individuality and creativity.

5. 表达了怎样的感情 如：此句运用了 ，从而生动形象表现了 ，表达了

5. What kind of emotion is expressed? For example: This sentence employs ..., thereby vividly and vividly portraying ..., and expressing ...

6. 直而温，宽而栗，刚而无虐，简而无傲。

6. Straight but gentle, broad but resolute, firm but not harsh, simple but not haughty.

7. 渲染气氛、烘托人物形象（或人物感情）、点明中心（揭示主旨）、突出主题（深化中心）

7. Create an atmosphere, enhance the characters' images (or emotions), clarify the central theme (reveal the main point), and highlight the main topic (deepen the central theme).

8. 心之忧危，若蹈虎尾，涉于春冰。

8. The worries in the heart are as perilous as stepping on the tail of a tiger, or walking on spring ice.

9. 词语：答题时一定要在文段句词的前后找答案或找解答的依据。

9. Word: When answering questions, always look for the answer or the basis for the answer before and after the words in the text segment.

10. 设问：自问自答，引起读者思考 ，使文章有起伏。

10. Question and Answer: Asking and answering questions to provoke the reader's thinking, making the article have fluctuations.

11. 常考的指代词有：这、那、这些、那些、其他、以上、如此、此……；

11. Common demonstrative pronouns include: this, that, these, those, others, above, such, this...

12. 反问：加强语气，增强语势，表达了 （的情感），使文章有起伏。

12. Rhetorical Question: It strengthens the tone and intensifies the force of the language, expressing (the emotion), giving the article a sense of起伏 (rhythm).

13. 作德，心逸日休。?>

13. Cultivate virtue, and your heart will be at ease day by day.

14. 结构：材料+要求（必须与材料有关。看懂材料，确定主旨）。

14. Structure: Material + Requirements (The requirements must be related to the material. Understand the material, determine the main theme).

15. 打比方：生动形象说明了—————— 增强了文章的趣味性。

15. By using analogies: It vividly and graphically illustrates——————, thereby enhancing the趣 of the article.

16. 选好之后应该将相关句子多读几遍，反复体会。

16. After selecting, you should read the relevant sentences several times and repeatedly ponder over them.

17. 不矜细行，终累大德。

17. Neglecting to cultivate oneself in small matters, one will eventually be a burden to one's great virtues.

18. 满招损，谦受益，时乃天道。

18. Pride brings loss, humility brings gain; this is the way of the Tao.

19. 2仿写：与例句的结构、修辞、表达方式、表现手法保持一致；内容保持一致，语意连贯，话题统一。

19. 2 Paraphrasing: Maintain consistency with the structure, rhetoric, expression methods, and techniques of the example sentence; keep the content consistent, ensure smooth coherence in meaning, and maintain a unified topic.

20. 满招损，谦受益。

20. Humility brings gain, whereas pride brings loss.

21. ②不能，删掉“××”词，句子的意思就变成了 ，显得太绝对化；用了“××”词，准确地说明了 ，符合实际情况，留有余地，具有科学性。

21. ② It is not possible to remove the word "××". If the word "××" is deleted, the meaning of the sentence becomes too absolute; using the word "××" accurately describes , conforms to the actual situation, leaves room for flexibility, and possesses scientificity.

22. 举贤无私，用人不疑。

22. Select capable individuals without bias and employ them without suspicion.

23. 德日新也，万邦惟怀；志自满也，九族乃离。

23. De Renxin also, all nations yearn for him; but when his ambition is full, his own nine tribes are estranged from him.

24. 缩句：满足压缩要求，要有概括性；找中心句、段；找出主要成分；排除干扰项。

24. Abbreviate sentences: Meet the compression requirements, be concise; identify the central sentence and paragraph; find the main components; and exclude distracting items.

25. 说明文语段中分析一句话，要紧扣住说明内容、说明对象的特征和说明文语言的特色（准确、生动）。

25. When analyzing a sentence in a descriptive text, it is essential to closely adhere to the content of the description, the characteristics of the subject being described, and the distinctive features of descriptive language (accuracy and vividness).

26. 记叙文：分析材料内容，联系相关的人或事。开头：“读了以上材料，我想起了……”或“在我的生活阅历中，也有这样一个人”。结尾再用恰当的议论将所叙的人或事与材料中的人或事相比较，画龙点睛即可。

26. Narrative: Analyze the content of the material and relate it to relevant people or events. Opening: "After reading the above material, I thought of..." or "In my life experiences, there is also such a person." In the conclusion, use appropriate comments to compare the people or events described with those in the material, and add a touch of brilliance.

27. 模式: (

27. Pattern: (

28. 时间顺序：历史顺序、年代顺序、四季交替顺序、早晚（先后）顺序

28. Chronological order: historical sequence, chronological sequence, seasonal alternation sequence, morning and evening (先后) sequence

29. 作伪，心劳日拙。

29. To deceive is to become increasingly cunning in one's deceptions.

30. 逻辑顺序：先总后分、由主到次、由表及里、由简到繁、由此及彼、由现象到本质等。

30. Logical sequence: from the general to the specific, from the main to the secondary, from the surface to the essence, from the simple to the complex, from this to that, from phenomena to essence, etc.

31. 读后感等 。

31. Reading reflections, etc.

32. 能理解词语的表面意义，以及深层含义和言外之意，并能理解其表达的效果；

32. Can understand the surface meaning of words, as well as their deep implications and implied meanings, and can comprehend the effect of their expression.

33. 民为邦本，本固邦宁。

33. The people are the foundation of the state; a firm foundation ensures the peace and stability of the state.

34. 修辞手法：比喻、拟人、排比、夸张、反复、借代、反问、设问、引用、对比

34. Rhetorical devices: Metaphor, Personification, Parallelism, Hyperbole, Repetition, Metonymy, Rhetorical Question, Interrogative Rhetoric, Quotation, Contrast

35. 采用1＋2或1＋3的形式，先用一句话概括出自己的看法或体会，再用两三句话谈谈理由，可以摆事实、也可以讲道理，如题目有相关要求，还要注意结合自己的亲身经历。

35. In the form of 1+2 or 1+3, first summarize your opinion or experience in one sentence, and then elaborate with two or three sentences of reasons. You can present facts or explain principles. If the topic requires it, also pay attention to incorporating your personal experiences.

36. 举例子：具体说明_____ 的特点，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

36. Example: Specifically describe the characteristics of _____ to make the explanation more concrete and persuasive.

37. 主旨句的作用：结构上贯穿全文，内容上点明中心。

37. The role of the main sentence: structurally, it runs through the entire text, and in content, it points out the central theme.

38. 肖像（外貌）描写、动作描写、神态描写、语言描写、心理活动描写；

38. Portrait (physical appearance) description, action description, expression description, language description, and psychological activity description.

39. 中心思想概括：如:“本文通过某人做某事，表达了作者对 __ 赞美与敬佩之情等,赞美了他（人物性格、精神品质)

39. Main Idea Summary: For example: "This article expresses the author's admiration and respect for __ through someone doing something, praising his (character, spiritual quality) and so on."

40. 知之非艰，行之惟艰。

40. It is not difficult to know, but it is difficult to do.

41. ①不能，用了“××”词，生动地说明了 ，能够激发读者的兴趣，去掉就没有这种效果。

41. ①Cannot; the use of the word "××" vividly illustrates ..., which can stimulate the reader's interest. Removing it would not have this effect.

42. 记叙文语言风格：亲切自然口语化、幽默讽刺、热情奔放、冷峻辛辣等

42. Narrative style: warm and natural in colloquial language, humorous and satirical, passionate and exuberant, stern and pungent, etc.

43. 倒叙:造成了……的悬念，使故事情节更曲折,增强了文章的可读性

43. Flashback: Creates suspense about ..., making the story plot more intricate and enhancing the readability of the article.

44. 比喻，拟人：生动形象地表现出了 ，表达了 情感。

44. Metaphor, personification: Vividly depicts, expressing a sense of emotion.

45. 作用是：揭示人物性格，展现人物的内心世界和精神风貌

45. The function is: to reveal the characters' personalities, and to show the inner world and spiritual demeanor of the characters.

46. 具体建议：合理使用材料，不避开材料，另起炉灶。

46. Specific suggestions: Make reasonable use of materials, do not avoid materials, and do not start from scratch.

47. 人而不学，其犹正墙面而立。

47. If a person does not study, it is as if he stands in front of a blank wall.

48. 内容概括（一句话概括故事情节）：人物和事件 (抓要点概括,推动情节发展的要点必须要\首尾的关键句必须扣住)

48. Content Summary (Summarize the story plot in one sentence): Characters and events (capture the key points, the key points that drive the plot development must be included, and the opening and closing sentences must be紧扣)

49. 文章段落语句的主要作用有：（必须从内容、结构两个方面来进行做答）

49. The main functions of the sentences in an article paragraph include: (It is necessary to answer from both the content and structure aspects.)

50. 总起全文、引起下文、打下伏笔、作铺垫、承上启下（过渡）、前后照应、首尾呼应、总结全文、点题、推动情节发展

50. Summarize the entire text, lead into the following content, lay a foundation, pave the way, bridge the continuity (transitional), echo between the beginning and the end, summarize the entire text, state the main theme, and promote the development of the plot.

51. 科技性说明文、文艺性说明文（也叫科学小品或知识小品）

51. Technical expository prose, literary expository prose (also known as scientific essays or knowledge essays)

52. 惟日孜孜，无敢逸豫。

52. Always diligently devoted, without daring to indulge in leisure.

53. 人之有能有为，使羞其行，而邦其昌。

53. If a person has the ability to act and does so, causing them to be ashamed of their actions, then the state will prosper.

54. 环境描写的作用：交代时间地点，揭示时代背景；渲染气氛、烘托人物心情，展示人物的性格、推动情节的发展等等。

54. The role of environmental description: to indicate time and place, reveal the historical context; to set the atmosphere, reflect the characters' emotions, display the characters' personalities, and promote the development of the plot, etc.

55. 记叙文中穿插议论的作用:结构上承上启下;内容上画龙点睛

55. The role of interspersed commentary in narrative texts: structurally, it bridges the gap between the previous and following parts; content-wise, it highlights the essential points.

56. 为山九仞，功亏一篑。

56. The mountain is nine feet high, but the work is ruined by one heap of soil.

57. 说明方法：列数字、作比较、举例子、打比方、分类别等

57. Method of explanation: listing numbers, making comparisons, giving examples, using analogies, categorizing, etc.

58. 诗言志，歌永言。

58. Poetry expresses intention, while songs prolong words.

59. 评价、赏析一句话：应从两个方面入手，先评写作特色、语言特色，如用了什么修辞手法、表现手法，语言或生动或优美或讲求对称或准确严密……再评思想内涵，即阐明这一句表达了什么观点，给你什么感受、启迪、教育……

59. Evaluate and appreciate a sentence: Start from two aspects first, evaluate the writing characteristics and language characteristics, such as the use of rhetorical devices and expression techniques, whether the language is vivid, beautiful, or seeks symmetry or accuracy and rigor... Then evaluate the ideological connotation, that is, clarify what views this sentence expresses, what feelings, inspirations, or education it gives you...

60. 罔游于逸，罔淫于乐。

60. Do not indulge in idleness, do not indulge in pleasure.

61. 审题和领悟：看清要求（拟题、文体、文字、内容等），确定立意、结构。

61. Question Understanding and Insight: Clarify the requirements (such as topic, style, language, content, etc.), determine the theme and structure.

62. 经邦有术，持之以理。

62. There are methods to govern a state, and they should be adhered to with reason.

63. 方法有：①正面描写：语言、动作、心理、神态、外貌②侧面（间接）描写：其他的人或事③细节描写④环境衬托人物心情等。⑤用词的感情倾向褒贬色彩

63. The methods include: ①Positive description: language, actions, psychology, demeanor, appearance; ②Side (indirect) description: other people or things; ③Detailed description; ④Environmental setting to reflect the character's mood; ⑤The emotional tendency and coloration of the words.

64. 克勤于邦，克俭于家。

64. Be diligent in the state and thrifty at home.

65. 好问则裕，自用则小。

65. Seek to ask questions, and you will be abundant; seek only for your own use, and you will be limited.

66. 排比：表现了 ，抒发了 ，增强了语势，加强了感情。

66. Parallelism: This technique demonstrates, expresses, enhances the force of language, and strengthens the emotion.

67. 列数字: 用具体的数据 加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

67. Enumerate numbers: Use specific data to illustrate, making the explanation more accurate and persuasive.

68. 找到之后，将找到的内容放在指代词所在句中读一读，看是否适合。

68. After finding it, put the content you found into the sentence where the pronoun is located and read it to see if it fits.

69. 读写结合，考生要通过阅读、分析、提炼、联想、表达之后，才能完成写作任务；

69. The integration of reading and writing: candidates must go through the processes of reading, analyzing, refining, associating, and expressing before they can complete the writing task.

70. 分析一句话的含义也可从分析关键词入手，着重体会关键词在特定语境中的含义。

70. Analyzing the meaning of a sentence can also start with the analysis of key words, focusing on the understanding of the meanings of key words in specific contexts.

71. 爱人者兼其屋上之乌，不爱人者及其胥余。

71. He who loves a person also loves his sparrow, but he who does not love a person will also have his own sparrow.

72. 在回答时必须结合当时当地的时代背景，指出文段中环境描写的相关语句揭示了什么样的社会现实。

72. In answering, it is necessary to combine the historical and local context of the time, and point out what kind of social reality the relevant statements in the text about the environmental description reveal.

73. 语境表达：话题统一，句序合理，注意过渡、衔接和呼应。还要适应语言环境，注意场合、注意说话对象、注意文明礼貌。格式：礼貌用语＋表达内容＋询问

73. Contextual expression: Ensure the topic is unified, the sentence order is reasonable, and pay attention to transitions, connections, and echoes. Also, adapt to the language environment, be mindful of the occasion, the person you are speaking to, and observe politeness. Format: Polite language + expression content + inquiry