1. 赏析：借用典故，用半死梧桐和失伴鸳鸯比喻自己知天命之年却成为鳏夫，孑身独存的苦状，寂寞之情，溢于言表。“清霜”二字，以秋天霜降后梧桐枝叶凋零，生意索然，比喻妻子死后自己也垂垂老矣。

1. Analysis: By using classical allusions, the author metaphorically compares himself, at the age of knowing one's destiny, to a widower with half-dead wutong (a type of tree) and a lone mandarin duck without its mate, expressing his lonely and sorrowful condition, and his loneliness is palpable. The words "qing shuang" (clear frost) metaphorically refer to the wutong branches and leaves withering after the autumn frost, symbolizing his own aging after the death of his wife.

2. 寂寞深闺，柔肠一寸愁千缕。惜春春去，几点催花雨。

2. In a secluded chamber, loneliness deepens, and a tender heart holds a thousand strands of sorrow. Regretting the spring's departure, a few drops of rain hasten the blossoms.

3. 相看两不厌，只有敬亭山。李白《独坐敬亭山》

3. The sight of each other is never enough, only Jingting Mountain. From Li Bai's poem "Sitting Alone at Jingting Mountain."

4. 昔闻李供奉,长啸独登楼。王世贞《登太白楼》

4. Once heard of Li Fengsang, he loudly howled and climbed the tower alone. - Wang Shizhen's "Climbing Taibaishou's Tower"

5. 今日江头两三树，可怜和叶度残春。元稹《离思五首》

5. Today, by the river, a few trees stand, pitifully withering leaves through the last days of spring. (A Poem of Farewell, Five Pieces) by Yuan Zhen.

6. 弥伤孤舟夜，远结万里心。权德舆《月夜江行/旅次江亭》

6. In the night, a solitary boat mourns; far away, my heart is bound with a thousand miles. From the poem "Moonlit River Journey/Traveling at a River Pavilion" by Quande Yu.

7. 独自上层楼，楼外青山远。程垓《卜算子·独自上层楼》

7. Alone on the upper floor, the green mountains beyond are distant. From Cheng Gai's poem "Bu Suan Zi · Alone on the Upper Floor"

8. 久别长相忆,孤舟何处来。刘长卿《喜李翰自越至》

8. Long-separated, we remember you deeply; where does your solitary boat come from? From Liu Changqing's poem "Joy at Li Han's Arrival from Yue."

9. 侧见双翠鸟,巢在三珠树。张九龄《感遇孤鸿海上来》

9. I see the twin jades bird, its nest on the Triple Pearl Tree. (From Zhang Jiaying's "Feeling Alone Upon Seeing the Solitary Swan in the Sea")

10. 一片春愁,渐吹渐起,恰似春云。

11. 独自上层楼,楼外青山远。程垓《卜算子独自上层楼》

10. A spring melancholy, blowing gently, rising as if it were spring clouds. 11. Alone on the upper floor, the green mountains are far beyond the building. (This is from the poem "Alone on the Upper Floor" by Cheng Gai)

12. 语已多,情未了。回首犹重道:记得绿罗裙,处处怜芳草。

12. Words have been many, yet the emotions are not yet resolved. When looking back, I still repeat: Remember the green silk skirt, loving the fragrant grass everywhere.

13. 迳直夫何细!桥危可免扶吗远山枫外淡,破屋麦边孤。杨万里《寒食上冢》

13. How could it be that the path is not straight? Can one avoid supporting a dangerous bridge? Beyond the distant mountains, the maples outside are faint, and beside the broken house, wheat is lonely. (This is from the poem "On Tomb Sweeping Day during Cold Food Festival" by Yang Wanli.)

14. 无言独上西楼，月如钩。李煜《相见欢·无言独上西楼》

14. Silent and alone ascending the western tower, the moon like a hook. From Li Yu's poem "Xiangjianhuan: Silent and Alone Ascending the Western Tower".

15. 怜夜冷孀娥，相伴孤照。吴文英《花犯·谢黄复庵除夜寄古梅枝》

15. Pity the cold night and the widowed maiden, companioned only by the solitary moonlight. From Wu Wengying's poem "Hua Fan · Xie Huang Fu'an Chuxu Ji Gu Mei枝"

16. 今日独来香径里，更无人迹有苔钱。韩偓《寒食日重游李氏园亭有怀》

16. Today, alone in the fragrant path, no human trace but mossy coins. Han Wuo, "Reflecting on a Return to the Garden Pavilion of the Li Family on the Day of Cold Food"

17. 千里水天一色,看孤鸿明灭。朱敦儒《好事近摇首出红尘》

17. The waters and sky blend into one color, watching the solitary swan appear and vanish. From Zhu Dunyu's poem "Good Things Near, Shaking Off the Dust of the World".

18. 旅馆寒灯独不眠，客心何事转凄然。高适《除夜作》

18. The solitary lantern in the inn's cold glow, the guest's heart why so desolate? Gao Shi's "Composition on the Eve of the Chinese New Year."

19. 万里阴山万里沙,谁将绿鬓斗霜华。年来强半在天涯。

19. Ten thousand miles of Yanshan and ten thousand miles of sand, who will fight the frost with green hair? In recent years, more than half of my life has been spent in the distant lands.

20. 赏析：“寻春自恨来何暮，春事成空”。感慨命运无情，时光空度，只留下一种深深的怨愤。“懊恼东风，绿尽疏阴落尽红。”“东风”“落红”句，遗憾之气十足，意味悠远弥永。

20. Analysis: "Seeking spring, I regret why the evening comes so late; the spring affair becomes empty." This conveys a sense of melancholy towards the无情 (merciless) of fate, the passage of time that is in vain, leaving only a deep resentment. "I am frustrated by the east wind, the green leaves have all withered, and the red flowers have all fallen." The phrases "east wind" and "fallen red flowers" are full of a sense of regret, with a lingering and profound meaning.

21. 枯杨枯杨尔生稊,我独七十而孤栖。李白《雉朝飞》

21. Dried poplar, dried poplar, thy sprouts are sprouting. At the age of seventy, I live in solitude. (Li Bai's poem "The雉朝飞")

22. 山亭水榭秋方半。凤帏寂寞无人伴。朱淑真《菩萨蛮·山亭水榭秋方半》

22. Halfway through autumn, the pavilions on hills and by the water are serene. The phoenix canopy is lonely, without a companion. Zhu Shuzhen, "The Song of the Bodhisattva: Halfway through autumn, the pavilions on hills and by the water are serene."

23. 晚来天,空悄然,孤眠,枕檀云髻偏。孙光宪《河传花落》

23. It is late in the day, the sky is silent, and I lie alone, my head pillow resting against a檀香wooden headband that is askew. From Sun Guangxian's poem "The River Song: Blossoms Fall".

24. 独出前门望野田，月明荞麦花如雪。白居易《村夜》

24. From the front door, looking out to the fields, the moonlight makes the buckwheat flowers look like snow. — From "The Village Night" by Bai Juyi.

25. 语来江色暮，独自下寒烟。李白《寻雍尊师隐居》

25. The river's colors deepen as the evening falls, alone descending into the cold mist. — Li Bai, "In Search of Yong Zunshi's Secluded Retreat"

26. 胭脂泪，留人醉，几时重，自是人生长恨水长东。

26. blush tears, leaving people drunk, when will it return? It is naturally that life is long and the water flows eastward forever.

27. 水墨画疏窗，孤影淡潇湘。纳兰性德《木兰花慢·立秋夜雨送梁汾南行》

27. The ink wash painting through a sparse window, a solitary shadow faintly over Xiangxiang. From Nalan Xingde's "Mulan Huan - The Rainy Night of the Autumn Equinox, Sending Liang Fen to the South."

28. 知君独坐青轩下，此时结念同所怀。李白《早秋单父南楼酬窦公衡》

28. Knowing that you are alone sitting under the green pavilion, I am at this moment forming the same thoughts in my heart. (Li Bai's "Early Autumn at the South Tower of Danfu, Responding to Gongsun Heng")

29. 漆燕黄鹂夸舌健,柳花榆荚斗身轻。王禹偁《清明日独酌》

29. The oriole, with its tongue as agile as lacquer, boasts of its singing prowess, while the willow flowers and elm seeds compete in their lightness. — Wang Yuheng, "Drinking Alone on the Qingming Day"

30. 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。荣枯咫尺异，惆怅难再述。

30. The stinking smell of wine and meat from the rich, and the frozen bones on the road. Prosperity and decline are just a step apart, and the sorrow is hard to describe again.

31. 孤眠鸾帐里，枉劳魂梦，夜夜飞扬。佚名《凤归云·闺怨》

31. Alone in the lonely phoenix bed, vainly the soul dreams, flying away every night. Anonymity, "Phoenix Returns to the Clouds · Maiden's Complaint"

32. 北风吹雁雪纷纷。莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。

32. The north wind blows, geese fly and snowflakes fall. Do not worry about not having friends ahead, for who in the world does not know you?

33. 赏析：诗人不正面写这种渐行渐远渐浓的离愁，也不突出他对那位“盈盈微步”的佳人的眷恋，而是把一夜间怒放的梅花推在前景地位进行反复咏叹，这样诗人行旅中的那种难言的惆怅反而更加在丰富、充分地表现出来。

33. Analysis: The poet does not directly describe this gradually increasing parting sorrow, nor does he highlight his affection for that beauty with "graceful, tiny steps." Instead, he places the plum blossoms that burst into bloom overnight in the foreground and repeats their praise. In this way, the inexpressible melancholy during the poet's journey is反而 more richly and fully expressed.

34. 雨中禁火空斋冷，江上流莺独坐听。韦应物《寒食寄京师诸弟》

34. In the rain, fires are forbidden and the solitary cells are cold; alone by the river, I listen to the orioles sing. — Wei Yingwu's "Letter to My Brothers in the Capital on Cold Food Festival"

35. 独自下层楼，楼下蛩声怨。程垓《卜算子·独自上层楼》

35. Alone on the lower floor, the cicadas' complaints echo below. Cheng Gai's "Bu Suan Zi · Alone on the Upper Floor"

36. 独睡起来情悄悄，寄愁何处好。纳兰性德《谒金门·风丝袅》

36. Awake alone, the emotions are secretive, where to send my sorrows? Nalan Xingde's "Visit to the Golden Gate · The wind is fluttering"

37. 水墨画疏窗,孤影淡潇湘。纳兰性德《木兰花慢立秋夜雨送梁汾南行》

37. Ink wash painting through sparse windows, a solitary shadow in the faint Xiang River. From Nalan Xingde's "Mulan Huamansong: Rain on the Night of the Autumn Equinox, Sending Liang Fen to the South."

38. 衾凤冷,枕鸳孤。晏几道《阮郎归旧香残粉似当初》

38. Cold quilt and lonely pillow of mandarin ducks. Yan Jidao's "The Old Fragrance and Powder of Ruan Langgui Are Like in the Beginning."

39. 涕零雨面毁形颜，谁能怀忧独不叹。曹丕《燕歌行二首·其二》

39. Raindrops fall on the face, destroying the beauty of the face, who can bear the sorrow alone without sighing? Cao Pi, "Yan Ge Xing Er Shou · The Second Poem"

40. “头白”二字一语双关，鸳鸯头上有白毛，而词人此时已年届五十，也到了满头青丝渐成雪的年龄。这两句形象地刻画出了作者的孤独的凄凉。

40. The words "头白" are a pun, as they refer to both the white feathers on the mandarin duck's head and to the poet's age, who is now fifty, approaching the age when the black hair turns white. These two sentences vividly depict the author's lonely desolation.

41. 孤城背岭寒吹角,独树临江夜泊船。刘长卿《自夏口至鹦鹉洲夕望岳阳寄》

41. In the solitary city, the cold wind blows the horn against the ridge, a solitary tree stands by the river, a boat anchors in the night. From Liu Changqing's poem "From Xiakou to Yinhuzhou at dusk, looking towards Yueyang and sending a letter."

42. 孤芳一世,供断有情愁,消瘦损,东阳也,试问花知否曹组《蓦山溪梅》

42. A flower that blooms alone in this life, providing solace for the end of love's sorrow, it withers and becomes lean, Dongyang too. Try to ask, does the flower know of Cao Zu's "Mountain Stream and the Song of Plum Blossoms"?

43. 半生已分孤眠过，山枕檀痕涴。纳兰性德《虞美人·曲阑深处重相见》

43. Half a lifetime has passed, and I have experienced solitary sleep; the mountain pillow has left traces of sandalwood stains. Nalan Xingde, "Yu Mei Ren · Deep in the Curved Corridor, We Meet Again"

44. 谁怜旅愁荏苒。谩长门夜悄，锦筝弹怨。张炎《解连环·孤雁》

44. Who pities the lingering travel sorrow? Fretfully, in the silent night of Changmen, the jade zither plucks its grievances. (From Zhang Yan's "Jie Lian Huan · Solitary Swallow")

45. 乱山残雪夜，孤烛异乡人。崔涂《除夜/巴山道中除夜书怀/除夜有怀》

45. Amidst the chaotic mountains and the remnants of snow at night, a solitary candle illuminates a stranger in a foreign land. (Quoted from Cui Tu's poem "On the Night of the New Year / Writing Thoughts on the Night of the New Year on the Way to Bashan / Thoughts on the Night of the New Year.")

46. 闻说双溪春尚好,也拟泛轻舟。只恐双溪舴艋舟,载不动,许多愁。

46. I've heard that the spring at Shuangxi is still beautiful, and I also plan to sail a light boat. Only fear that the small boat on Shuangxi can't carry so many sorrows.

47. 云中君不见，竟夕自悲秋。马戴《楚江怀古三首·其一》

47. The King in the Clouds is unseen, he laments the autumn alone through the night. Ma Dai, "Three Poems on the Ancient Chu River - The First."

48. 遥想独游佳味少，无方骓马但鸣嘶。苏辙《怀渑池寄子瞻兄》

48. "Alone in distant travel, the joy is scarce; the wild horse neighs without end. Su Shi, 'Reflecting on the beauty of Meishui and sending to my elder brother Zishan'"

49. 残灯孤枕梦,轻浪五更风。徐昌图《临江仙饮散离亭西去》

49. A dream with a dim lamp and a solitary pillow, the gentle waves and the wind at the fifth watch. Xu Changtu's "Drink at the Pavilion on the Bank of the River Jing, heading westward."

50. 大堤欲上谁相伴，马踏春泥半是花。窦巩《襄阳寒食寄宇文籍》

50. Who will accompany me up the great embankment, as I ride through the spring mud, half of which is flowers? -- Quoted from Dou Gong's "Letter to Yuwen Ji during the Cold Food Festival in Xiangyang."

51. 众鸟高飞尽，孤云独去闲。李白《独坐敬亭山》

51. All birds fly high and vanish, alone the cloud drifts leisurely away. — Li Bai, "Sitting Alone on Jingting Mountain"