1. 眼不见，心不念。

1. Out of sight, out of mind.

2. 成功源于勤奋。

2. Success comes from diligence.

3. 一日之计在于晨。

3. The beginning of the day is the most important time.

4. 本论部分 ：用三个事例分别证明论点：文天祥 的富贵不能*；穷人不食嗟来之食的贫贱不能移，闻一多的威武不能屈。

4. Main Part: Prove the argument with three examples: Wen Tianxiang's wealth and status cannot deter him; the poor will not eat food that is given in disdain, showing that poverty cannot change one's character; and Wen Yiduo's bravery that cannot be bowed down.

5. 此外，论证的方法还有很多，象借古论今法，采用数字法，排比论理法，描写论理法等。我们掌握的方法越多，说理就越有深度，有说服力，就越具有令人折服的逻辑力量，可以在学习过程中逐渐掌握。

5. In addition, there are many methods of argumentation, such as the method of using ancient to illustrate the modern, the numerical method, the parallel reasoning method, and the descriptive reasoning method, etc. The more methods we master, the deeper our reasoning will be, the more persuasive it will be, and the more compelling its logical power will be. These can be gradually mastered during the learning process.

6. 人人都有弱点。

6. Everyone has weaknesses.

7. 例1“层层深入”式，先提出论点后，先从消极方面论证，然后进一步从积极方面论述

7. Example 1: "Layer-by-layer deepening" style, which involves presenting the thesis first, then arguing from the negative aspects, and finally discussing further from the positive aspects.

8. 患难见真情。

8. True colors are seen in adversity.

9. 人往高处走，水往低处流。

9. People strive for higher positions, while water flows to lower places.

10. 本论：从多方面剖析所论述的问题，并提出论据。

10. Main Body: Analyze the issue discussed from multiple aspects and present arguments.

11. 拿正确的指导思想来说，教师必须花大力气认真学习《语文教学大纲》、《语文新课标》及语文《考试说明》。大纲是编、教、考、评的“基本法”，高考命题是以纲为纲的，命题遵循教学大纲，但又不拘泥于教学大纲。《考试说明》对考试内容作了一些具体规定，对于命题有“法规”效用。它既对高考语文总复习具有指导作用，又对考试起着宏观调控作用。

11. Regarding the correct guiding ideology, teachers must make great efforts to study diligently the "Curriculum Guidelines for Chinese Language Teaching," the "New National Standards for Chinese Language Teaching," and the "Examination Guidelines for Chinese Language." The guidelines serve as the "basic law" for compiling, teaching, testing, and evaluating. The questions for the college entrance examination are based on the guidelines, following the teaching guidelines but not being confined to them. The "Examination Guidelines" make some specific provisions for the examination content and have a "legal" effect on question setting. It not only serves as a guiding role for the comprehensive review of the college entrance examination in Chinese language but also plays a macro-control role in the examination.

12. 总之，分析议论文的结构，先要弄明白中段落层次间的内在联系，还要注意文章中起着承上启下作用的过渡段，过渡句以及过渡词语。

12. In summary, when analyzing the structure of an argumentative essay, it is first necessary to understand the intrinsic connections between the middle paragraphs, and one should also pay attention to the transitional paragraphs, sentences, and words that play a bridging role between the preceding and following parts of the essay.

13. 平时要注意积累，如每天背两条名言，即一个故事。

13. Pay attention to accumulation in daily life, such as memorizing two famous sayings every day, which is like one story.

14. 结论部分：解释当今无产 阶级的骨气并发出号召。

14. Conclusion Section: Explain the backbone of the contemporary proletariat and issue a call to action.

15. 一是审题意识，它是一种能主动、全面地攫取试题所包含的提示性信息的心理倾向。高考阅读试题的题干，如简答题的'题干，一般包含着命题角度、阅读范围、答题方式三方面的提示性信息。为此，重视审题训练，增强学生的审题意识，使之养成主动、全面审题的习惯，实在是十分必要的。二是“原文意识”，它指的是凡解题必定仔细推敲上下文，在原文中寻找答案。可在实际教学中却存在架空讲析和只重答案的弊端，致使学生缺乏必备的原文意识，这是要引以为戒的。

15. The first is the consciousness of question interpretation, which is a psychological tendency that can actively and comprehensively grasp the indicative information contained in the test questions. The stem of college entrance examination reading comprehension questions, such as those in short answer questions, generally contains indicative information about the perspective of the question, the scope of reading, and the method of answering. Therefore, it is of great necessity to pay attention to question interpretation training, enhance students' consciousness of question interpretation, and cultivate the habit of actively and comprehensively interpreting questions. The second is the "original text consciousness," which refers to the meticulous consideration of the context when solving problems and searching for answers in the original text. However, in actual teaching, there are drawbacks such as abstract analysis and focusing solely on the answers, which leads to students lacking the necessary original text consciousness. This is something that should be taken as a cautionary tale.

16. 例2“起录转合”式：开头破题，引出论述问题；接着承接开头，阐述所论述的问题；“转”是双各个角度证明论点；最后归结，就是“合”。

16. Example 2 of the "Start, Introduce, Develop, and Conclude" style: Start by posing a topic and introducing the argument; then continue from the beginning, elaborating on the issue being discussed; "Develop" involves presenting evidence from various angles to support the argument; and finally, the argument is summarized, which is what we call "Conclude."

17. 强中自有强中手。

17. The best in the strong is stronger still.

18. 昨日不会重现。

18. Yesterday will not return.

19. 结论：归纳总结，或重申论点，有时也会提出解决问题的办法。

19. Conclusion: Summarize the points made, or restate the arguments, and sometimes also propose solutions to the problems.

20. 认真上政治课，经 常的看看说理性的文章、名言警句等，将提高我们的思想素质，提高我 们认识能力，对我们写作，尤其是议论文 的写作大有好处。它会起到丰富文章内容，深化文章思想，提高说服力的 作用。

20. Attending political classes diligently and frequently reading rational articles, famous sayings, and proverbs will enhance our ideological quality and improve our cognitive abilities. It will greatly benefit our writing, especially the writing of argumentative essays. It will play a role in enriching the content of the article, deepening its thought, and increasing its persuasiveness.

21. 二是中与外相结合的原则。对都适用于中心的中外各种材料，为了使文章更有说服力，要“中西结合”，中国的、外国的都要选用一些，而应以本国的为主。

21. The second principle is the combination of the internal and external. For all materials from both China and the outside world that are applicable to the center, in order to make the article more persuasive, it is necessary to "combine Chinese and Western elements." Some materials from both China and the outside world should be selected, with an emphasis on materials from the home country.

22. ①可以是名言、警句、俗话、谚语、定理、公式等。

22. ①It can be proverbs, sayings, idioms, maxims, theorems, formulas, etc.

23. 第四步：分析说理。这是本段最重要的一步。因为没有分析说理，光列举一个两个事例，不进行分析说理，那这举出的事例就不能成为分论点的论据，也就没有说服力。那么怎样进行分析呢常用的有两种分析说理方法，即

23. The Fourth Step: Analytical Arguments. This is the most important step in this section. Without analytical arguments, simply listing one or two examples without analysis and reasoning, these examples cannot serve as evidence for the sub-arguments, and thus lack persuasiveness. So how to analyze? There are commonly two methods of analytical reasoning, namely:

24. 反驳论据。反驳论据，这是一种釜底抽薪的反驳对方论点的途径。在论证过程中，论据乃是论点赖以支撑的支柱，如果论据不能成立，那么论点就失去依托，不攻而自垮。

24. Refutation of arguments. Refutation of arguments is a way to fundamentally undermine the opponent's arguments. In the process of argumentation, the arguments are the pillars that support the arguments. If the arguments cannot be established, then the arguments will lose their foundation and collapse without resistance.

25. 先工作，后娱乐。

25. Work first, then play.

26. 道理论据：指公认的道理，或名人的言论、寓言故事、科学定理等（参见理性主义）。

26. Theoretical arguments: Refers to universally recognized principles, or the sayings of famous people, allegorical stories, scientific theorems, etc. (See Rationalism).

27. 定义：作者对所议论的问题（事件，现象，人物，观念等）所持的见解和主张

27. Definition: The views and arguments held by the author on the issues discussed (events, phenomena, individuals, ideas, etc.).

28. 证是解决“如何进行论证”的问题。论证的目的在于揭示出论点和论据之间的内在逻辑关系。

28. Proof addresses the question of "how to conduct an argument." The purpose of argumentation is to reveal the inherent logical relationship between the thesis and the evidence.

29. 论证过程是指运用证据阐释证明论点是正确的过程。它要求论述要深刻、周密，讲究说理的 艺术，还以习作《坚持就是胜利》为例，这篇作文中就是运用了两种典型的事例：狄更斯、 爱迪生和瑞典化学家的故事，从正文两个方面证明了坚持就是胜利的这一观点，这个过程就 是论证过程。

29. The argumentative process refers to the process of using evidence to explain and demonstrate the correctness of a thesis. It requires that the reasoning is profound, meticulous, and pays attention to the art of argumentation. Taking the essay "Perseverance Is the Key to Victory" as an example, this essay employs two typical cases: the stories of Dickens, Edison, and a Swedish chemist. From two aspects of the main text, it proves the point that perseverance is the key to victory, and this process is what constitutes the argumentative process.

30. 俗语说“功到自然成”。按理说那些失败者完全可以尝到胜利的喜悦，但他们往往缺少一种 胜利的必要条件，那就是坚持。这就是他们失败的原因。上边的俗语中所提到的“功到”其 中已经隐含了“坚持”的意思。可见，一个人要想取得学业上或事业上的成功，除了个人的 努力之外，坚持也是实现这一目标的重要条件。

30. The saying goes, "Hard work pays off naturally." Logically, those who fail could have fully tasted the joy of victory, but they often lack a necessary condition for success, which is perseverance. This is the reason for their failure. The phrase "hard work pays off" in the above saying already implicitly conveys the meaning of "perseverance." It is evident that for a person to achieve success in their studies or career, perseverance is also an important condition, in addition to personal effort.

31. 有“分论——总论”式，对所要论述的总是分几个方面剖析，然后综合归纳出结论。

31. There is a style called "part-by-part - overall" where the subject to be discussed is always analyzed from several aspects, and then a conclusion is synthesized and summarized.

32. 说大话者多谎言。

32. Those who talk big often tell many lies.

33. 论证的类型：议论文的论证一般分为立论和驳论两大类型。

33. Types of argumentation: The arguments in a persuasive essay are generally divided into two major types: theses and refutations.

34. 说来容易做来难。

34. It's easy to say but hard to do.

35. 必须围绕所论述的问题和中心论点来进行论证。开篇提出怎样的问题，结篇要归结到这一问题。在论证过程中，不能离题万里，任意发挥，或者任意变换论题。如果有几个分论点，每个分论点都要与中心论点有关联，要从属于中心论点。所有论证都要围绕中心论点进行。这样读者才能清楚地了解分论点和中心论点。议论文的逻辑性很强，论证必须紧扣中心，首尾一致。

35. The argument must be centered around the issues and main thesis discussed. The opening should present the problem, and the conclusion should tie back to this issue. Throughout the argumentation process, one must not veer off-topic, indulge in arbitrary elaboration, or arbitrarily change the topic. If there are several sub-theses, each should be related to the main thesis and should be subordinate to it. All arguments should revolve around the main thesis. In this way, the reader can clearly understand both the sub-theses and the main thesis. Argumentative essays have a strong logical structure, and the arguments must be closely tied to the central thesis, maintaining consistency from beginning to end.

36. 事实论据：即发生过的事情，如历史事实、新闻大事、研究或统计数据等（参见经验主义）。

36. Factual Evidence: Refers to things that have happened, such as historical facts, major news events, research, or statistical data (see empiricism).

37. 大多数人所知道的，最起码是登过报纸上过电视的

37. As most people know, at the very least, it's something that has been in the newspapers and on TV.

38. ④比喻论证：用___来比喻___，使观点形象生动，浅显易懂。

38. ④ Analogy argument: Use ___ to compare ___ to make the viewpoint vivid,生动, and easy to understand.

39. b、引证法(也叫道理论证)除引用上述介绍的理论论据以外，还

39. b. The method of citation (also known as the method of reasoning from authority) in addition to citing the theoretical arguments introduced above, also...

40. 写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明它，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论；也可以先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论。这种写法叫总分式，是中学生经常采用的一种作文方式。也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的疑问，然后一一作答，逐层深入，这是答难式的写法。还要以是作者有意把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论，这是对比式写法。

40. When writing a persuasive essay, one needs to consider the main argument, think about what evidence to use to support it, how to argue for it, and then draw a conclusion. It can be done by first presenting a general argument, then discussing it separately, analyzing each sub-point, and finally reaching a conclusion; or one can start by narrating a story, a dialogue, or describing a scene, and then, layer by layer, analyze the facts to deduce the logic, and summarize to draw a new conclusion. This style is called the "top-down and bottom-up" approach and is often used by middle school students in their writing. Another approach is to pose a question that people are concerned about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, delving deeper into the layers, which is known as the "answering difficult questions" style. Additionally, the author may deliberately present two different things in an opposite manner to compare and contrast them, and then draw a conclusion, which is the "comparison and contrast" style.

41. 根据论点补充论据（作用：使论证更全面，更有力，更具普遍性）

41. Supplement arguments with supporting points (function: make the argument more comprehensive, more persuasive, and more universally applicable)

42. 什么是论据：论据就是证明论点的材料、依据。

42. What is an argumentation? An argumentation is the material or evidence used to prove a point.

43. 议论文的语言必须准确、鲜明、严密、有针对性。

43. The language of a persuasive essay must be accurate, clear, rigorous, and targeted.

44. 2如何找中心论点。论点应该是明确的判断，是作者看法的完整陈述，在形式上应该是完整的句子。位置可分：文章标题、文章开头、文章结尾、文章中间，有的则需要读者概括。

44. 2 How to find the central argument. An argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's views, and in form should be a complete sentence. Its location can be in the article title, the beginning of the article, the end of the article, or in the middle of the article; some may require the reader to summarize.